Mefuta e fapaneng ea ho lokisa enjene ea VAZ 2106: boring boring, turbine, enjene ea 16-valve

Ho lokisa enjene ea VAZ 2106 ke ntho e thabisang, empa ka nako e ts'oanang e theko e boima. Ho itšetlehile ka lipakane tse phehelletsoeng le bokhoni ba lichelete, enjene e ka fetoloa bakeng sa merero e itseng, ho tloha ho eketseha ha molumo o bonolo ntle le liphetoho tsa motheo moralong oa yuniti ho ea ho kenya mochine oa turbine.

Tokiso ea enjine ea VAZ 2106

VAZ "tse tšeletseng" e ile ea qala ho hlahisoa morao ka 1976. Mohlala ona ke khale o siiloe ke nako ka chebahalo le ka litšobotsi tsa tekheniki. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela kajeno ho na le balateli ba bangata ba ts'ebetso ea likoloi tse joalo. Beng ba bang ba leka ho boloka koloi ka mokhoa oa eona oa pele, ba bang ba e hlomella ka likarolo le mekhoa ea morao-rao. E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tse etsoang tokiso ke enjene. Ke lintlafatsong tsa hae moo re tla bua ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.

Silinda block boring

Enjene ea VAZ 2106 ha e hlahelle ka matla a eona, hobane e tloha ho 64 ho isa ho 75 hp. Ka. ka boholo ba lilithara tse 1,3 ho isa ho tse 1,6, ho latela sesebelisoa sa matla se kentsoeng. E 'ngoe ea liphetoho tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa enjene ke bore ea cylinder block, e leng se u lumellang ho eketsa bophara ba ka hare ba li-cylinders le matla. Mokhoa o tenang o kenyelletsa ho tlosoa ha lera la tšepe ho tloha ka hare ho li-cylinders. Leha ho le joalo, o hloka ho utloisisa hore boring e feteletseng e tla lebisa ho fokotseng marako le ho fokotseha ha ts'epo le bophelo ba koloi. Kahoo, yuniti ea matla ea setoko e nang le lilithara tse 1,6 le bophara ba cylinder ea 79 mm e ka boreha ho fihlela ho 82 mm, e fumana lilithara tse 1,7. Ka liphetoho tse joalo, matšoao a ts'eptjoang a ke ke a mpefala.

Enjene ea VAZ 2106 e na le bophara ba cylinder ea 79 mm

Baratuoa ba feteletseng ba ka eketsa li-cylinders ho 84 mm ka kotsi le kotsi ea bona, hobane ha ho motho ea tsebang hore na koloi e joalo e tla nka nako e kae.

Ts'ebetso e tenang e etsoa ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng (mochini oa borata), le hoja ho na le litsebi tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho tse etsang mokhoa ona hoo e ka bang maemong a garage, ha ho nepahala ho ntse ho belaella.

The cylinder block e borehile ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng

Qetellong ea ts'ebetso, li-piston li kenngoa ka har'a block, tseo, ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa tsona, li lumellanang le boholo ba li-cylinder tse ncha. Ka kakaretso, block boring e na le mekhahlelo e latelang ea mantlha:

1. Ho qhaqha enjene koloing.
2. Ho qhaqholla ho feletseng ha yuniti ea matla.
3. Boring ea cylinder block ho latela li-parameter tse lakatsehang.
4. Kopano ea mochine ka ho nkela lipiston sebaka.
5. Ho kenya enjene koloing.

Video: mokhoa oa ho bopa cylinder block

cylinder block boring

Phetoho ea Crankshaft

Ka enjene ea VAZ "tse tšeletseng" ho na le VAZ 2103 crankshaft e nang le leqeba la piston la 80 mm. Ntle le ho eketsa bophara ba li-cylinders, o ka eketsa sekhahla sa piston, kahoo o qobella enjene. Bakeng sa merero e ntseng e nahanoa, enjene e na le VAZ 21213 crankshaft e nang le piston stroke ea 84 mm. Kahoo, ho tla khonahala ho phahamisa molumo ho lilithara tse 1,65 (1646 cc). Ho phaella moo, crankshaft e joalo e na le li-counterweights tse robeli ho e-na le tse 'nè, tse amang litšobotsi tse matla.

Ho kenya crankshaft ho tloha VAZ 21213 ho "tšelela" ho u lumella ho eketsa leqeba la piston le ho eketsa matla a enjene.

Bala haholoanyane mabapi le ho kenya le ho lokisa crankshaft: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/dvigatel/kolenval-vaz-2106.html

Ho ntlafala ha tsamaiso ea ho noa le ho ntša metsi

Mokhoa oa sejoale-joale oa hlooho ea cylinder le mefuta e mengata, haeba o lakatsa, o ka etsoa ke mang kapa mang ea nang le Six kapa mofuta o mong oa khale oa Zhiguli. Sepheo se seholo se phehelloang ke ho eketsa matla. E finyelloa ka ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha ho fana ka motsoako oa mafura-moea sebakeng se kenang, ke hore, ka ho tlosa mahlahahlaha. Ho phethahatsa ts'ebetso, hlooho ea silinda e tlameha ho qhaqhoa ka koloing ebe e qhaqhoa. Ka mor'a moo, lefito le khothalletsoa hore le hlatsuoe. Bakeng sa merero ena, o ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale kapa parafine e tloaelehileng, mafura a dizeli. Ho tsoa lethathamong le hlokahalang la lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tseo u tla li hloka:

• cheka ka bokhoni ba ho fetola lebelo;
• phunya;
• molamu o tenyetsehang;
• li-checkers;
• matlalo a boholo bo fapaneng ba lijo-thollo;
• li-rags;
• balaoli;
• valve ea ho qeta le sete ea li-washer bakeng sa boring ho feta 32 mm;
• setlolo sa graphite;
• motlatsi.

Ho ja hangata

Ho molemo ho qala ts'ebetso ea ho phethela pampitšana ea ho noa ho tsoa mefuteng e mengata, eo ka eona likanale tse hloohong ea cylinder li tla boreha. Re sebetsa ka tsela e latelang:

1. Re koala mokelli ka mokhoa o mobe, re phuthela rag holim'a drill kapa nozzle e loketseng, 'me ka holim'a eona - sandpaper e nang le boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa 60-80.
   

   Bakeng sa boiketlo ba mosebetsi, re kenya mokelli ka mokhoa o mobe
2. Re kenya mochini oa ho phunya ka sandpaper ka har'a mochini ebe o o kenya ka har'a mocha oa mokelli.
   

   Re phuthela drill kapa sesebelisoa se seng se loketseng ka sandpaper, re e behe ka har'a mokelli le bore
3. Ha re se re entse 5 cm ea pele, re lekanya bophara ka valve ea ho tima.
   

   Ho lekanya bophara ba mocha ka ho sebelisa valve ea ho tima
4. Kaha likanale tse ngata li kobehile, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa molamu o tenyetsehang kapa hose ea mafura bakeng sa ho reteleha, eo ho eona re kenyang mochini oa ho phunya kapa sesebelisoa se loketseng ka sandpaper.
   

   Hose ea mafura e ka sebelisoa ho cheka likanale moo ho kobehang.
5. Re sebetsana le 'mokelli ho tloha lehlakoreng la ho kenya carburetor. Ka mor'a ho sila ka 80 grit, sebelisa pampiri ea grit e 100 'me u hlahlobe likanale kaofela hape.
   

   'Mokelli ea tsoang ka lehlakoreng la mochine oa carburetor o boetse o sebetsoa ka li-cutters kapa sandpaper

Ho phethela hlooho ea silindara

Ntle le mefuta e mengata ea ho noa, hoa hlokahala ho fetola likanale tse hloohong ea block ka boeona, kaha ho na le mohato o pakeng tsa manifold le hlooho ea cylinder e thibelang tsela ea mahala ea motsoako oa mafura-moea ho li-cylinders. Lihloohong tsa khale, phetoho ena e ka fihla ho 3 mm. Ho phethoa ha hlooho ho fokotsehile ho ea ho liketso tse latelang:

1. Ho fumana hore na re ka tlosa karolo ea tšepe hokae, re sebelisa mafura kapa polasetiki ho sefofane sa hlooho libakeng tseo mokelli a kenang ho tsona. Ka mor'a moo, ho tla bonahala ka ho hlaka hore na ho sila hokae le hore na ho tla sila hakae.
   

   Ka mor'a ho tšoaea likanale tsa hlooho ea cylinder ka polasetiki kapa grease, re tsoela pele ho tlosa thepa e feteletseng
2. Ntlha ea pele, re sebetsa hanyenyane e le hore valve e kene. Ebe re sisinyeha ka botebo mme re sila ho theosa le bushing ea tataiso.
   

   Pele re kenella ka har'a mocha hanyane, ebe ho feta moo
3. Ka mor'a hore re fete likanaleng tsohle, re li bentša ho tloha lehlakoreng la litulo tsa li-valve. Re etsa ts'ebetso ena ka hloko e le hore re se ke ra itšohlometsa li-saddles. Bakeng sa merero ena, ho loketse ho sebelisa sehahi se kentsoeng ka har'a boro. Ho feta moo, o hloka ho etsa bonnete ba hore kanale e hola hanyane ho ea ho saddle.
   

   Re bentša likanale ho tloha lehlakoreng la litulo tsa li-valve, re li etsa li-conical hanyenyane
4. Qetellong ea phekolo, e lokela ho hlaha e le hore valve e fete ka bolokolohi ho kanale.

Tse ling mabapi le tlhahlobo ea hlooho ea cylinder le ho lokisoa: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/grm/poryadok-zatyazhki-golovki-bloka-cilindrov-vaz-2106.html

Ntle le liteishene tse bora, hlooho ea silinda e ka fetoloa ka ho kenya camshaft e hlophisitsoeng. Hangata, beng ba likoloi ba kenya shaft ho tloha VAZ 21213, hangata - likarolo tsa lipapali tsa mofuta oa Estonia le tse ling tse joalo.

Ho fetola nako ea valve ho VAZ 2106 le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea enjene, kenya camshaft ho tloha VAZ 21213.

Ho fetola camshaft e tloaelehileng ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho fetola nako ea valve. Ka lebaka leo, li-cylinders tsa enjene li tlatsitsoe hamolemo ka motsoako o tukang, hape li hloekisoa ka likhase tse tsoang, tse eketsang matla a matla a matla. Camshaft e fetotsoe ka tsela e ts'oanang le ka tokiso e tloaelehileng, ke hore, ha ho hlokahale lisebelisoa tse khethehileng.

Video: ho phethela hlooho ea silinda le mefuta e mengata ea ho kenya

Ntlafatso ea liteishene tsa hlooho ea silinda ka li-nuances tsohle \ Ntlafatso ea hlooho ea silinda

Ho qeta monono hangata

Ntho ea bohlokoa ea ho phethela mekhoa e mengata ea ho ntša metsi e tšoana le ea ho noa. Phapang e le 'ngoe feela ke hore mocha o hloka ho chorisoa ka se fetang 31 mm. Ba bangata ha ba ele hloko mefuta e mengata ea ho qeta, hobane e entsoe ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe 'me ho thata ho e etsa mochine, empa e ntse e ka khoneha. E lokela ho hopoloa hore mocha oa mokelli o lokela ho ba kholoanyane ka bophara ho feta hloohong. Ka hloohong ea cylinder ka boeona, re etsa ho sila ka mokhoa o hlalositsoeng ka holimo, 'me ho kgothaletswa ho sila lihlahla ka khoune.

Mokhoa oa ho ntša metsi o fetotsoe ka tsela e tšoanang le ea ho kenya

Ts'ebetso ea boitsebiso

Ka mokhoa o tebileng oa ho phethela yuniti ea matla, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho etsa ntle le ho kenya mochine o se nang mohala (BSZ) ho e-na le ho kopana le setso. BSZ e na le melemo e mengata e ke keng ea latoloa:

• tlhase e matla ho feta;
• ho buloa ho nepahetseng ha potoloho e hlasimollang;
• botshepehi bo phahameng le ho tsitsa.

Ho hlomella VAZ 2106 ka ho khantša ho se nang letho ho etsa hore enjene e tsitse haholoanyane, e felise tlhokahalo ea ho fetola nako le nako ea mabitso a tukang kamehla, kaha ha a eo ho BSZ. Sebakeng sa sehlopha sa mabitso, ho sebelisoa sensor ea Hall. Ntlha ea bohlokoa ke hore mariha, enjene e nang le mollo o sa kopaneng e qala habonolo. Ho kenya "BSZ" e tšeletseng, o tla hloka ho reka lisebelisoa tse nang le lintlha tse latelang:

• mohatelli;
• spark plug;
• lithapo tse phahameng tsa motlakase;
• kela ea thothetsang molelo;
• switjha;
• wiring.

Thepa ea ho khantša ntle le ho kopanya e na le lintho tsa mantlha tse kang sephatlalatsi, likhoele, lithapo, likerese le switch.

Ithute haholoanyane mabapi le sistimi ea ho tima e sa sebetseng ea VAZ 2106: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/zazhiganie/elektronnoe-zazhiganie-na-vaz-2106.html

Tatelano ea liketso tsa ho nkela BSZ sebaka sa sistimi ea ho hotetsa mehala e tjena:

1. Re qhaqha lithapo tsa khale tsa likerese le sekoaelo sa ho tsamaisa mollo. Ka ho potoloha mochini o qalang, re beha slider distributor perpendicular ho axis ea koloi e le hore e supe ho cylinder ea pele ea enjene.
   

   Pele o tlosa distributor ea khale, beha slide sebakeng se itseng
2. Sebokeng sa enjene sebakeng sa ho kenya distributor, re beha letšoao ka lets'oao e le hore ha u kenya distributor e ncha, bonyane u behe nako e hlokahalang ea ho tima.
   

   Ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho beha mollo ho distributor e ncha, re etsa matšoao ho thibela
3. Re tlosa distributor ebe re e fetola ho e ncha ho tloha ho kit, ho beha slide sebakeng se lakatsehang, le distributor ka boeona - ho ea ka matšoao a thibelang.
   

   Re fetola distributor ea khale ho e ncha ka ho beha slide sebakeng seo u se batlang
4. Re theola linate tsa mohala holim'a coil e tukang, hammoho le ho tiisa coil ka boeona, ka mor'a moo re nkela karolo ka e ncha.
   

   Ho fapanyetsana li-coil tse tukang
5. Re kenya switch, mohlala, haufi le lebone le letšehali. Re kopanya terminal ka terata e ntšo ho tloha ho sephutheloana sa wiring ho ea fatše, ebe o kenya sehokelo ka har'a switch ka boeona.
   

   Sesebelisoa se kentsoe haufi le lebone le ka letsohong le letšehali
6. Re kenya karolo ea mating ea wiring ho distributor.
7. Lithapo tse peli tse setseng li hokahane le khoele. Lithapo tse neng li tlositsoe nthong ea khale li boetse li hokahantsoe le likhokahano tsa coil e ncha. Ka lebaka leo, ho lokela ho hlahella hore pineng "B" ho tla ba le botala le boputsoa ka mola, 'me holim'a "K" - lithapo tse sootho le tsa lilac.
   

   Re kopanya lithapo ho coil ho ea ka litaelo
8. Re fetola li-spark plugs.
9. Re kenya cap ea distributor mme re kopanya lithapo tse ncha ho ea ka linomoro tsa cylinder.

Ka mor'a ho kenya BSZ, u tla hloka ho fetola ho khantša ha koloi e ntse e tsamaea.

Carburetor

Ka VAZ 2106 hangata ho ne ho sebelisoa carburetor ea Ozone. E le ho ntlafatsa mochine oa motlakase, beng ba likoloi ba bangata ba e hlomella ka sesebelisoa se fapaneng - DAAZ-21053 ("Solex"). Setsi sena se na le chelete e ngata 'me se fana ka mekhoa e metle ea likoloi. E le hore enjene e hlahise matla a mangata, ka linako tse ling li-carburetor tse peli li kenngoa sebakeng sa e le 'ngoe. Ka hona, hoa khoneha ho finyella phepelo e tšoanang ea motsoako oa mafura le moea ka har'a li-cylinders, tse amang ho eketseha ha torque le ho eketsa matla a semela sa matla. Lintlha tse ka sehloohong le li-node bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse joalo tse ncha ke:

• li-carburetors tse peli tsa Solex kapa Ozone;
• para ea ho noa manifolds ho tloha Oka;
• li-hoses, li-tee, li-throttle controls.

Ho kenngoa ha li-carburetor tse peli ho VAZ 2106 ho fana ka matla a koloi a molemo

Mosebetsi oohle o theohela ho qhaqha mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho noa le ho kenya tse peli tse ncha, ha tsa morao-rao li lokisoa e le hore li lumellane hantle le hlooho ea block. Ntlafatso ea babokelli ke ho tlosa likarolo tse hlahelletseng ka thuso ea sehahi. Ka mor'a moo, li-carburetor li kenngoa 'me ho etsoa phetoho e tšoanang, ke hore, li-screws tse lokisoang ha li hlajoe ke palo e tšoanang ea liphetoho. Ho bula li-dampers ka nako e le 'ngoe ho li-carburetor ka bobeli, ho etsoa bracket e tla kopanngoa le pedal ea accelerator.

Compressor kapa turbine ho "tšelela"

O ka eketsa matla a enjene ka ho kenya compressor kapa turbine, empa pele u hloka ho tseba hore na sena se tla hloka eng. Pele ho tsohle, o hloka ho utloisisa hore, ka lebaka la likarolo tsa eona tsa moralo, turbine e ka kenngoa mochining oa carburetor, empa ho na le bothata. Li-nuances li teng ka theko e kholo ea thepa le ea nako. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tseo u ka nahanang ka tsona ha u hlomella koloi ka turbine ke:

1. Ho kenngoa ho tlamang ha intercooler. Karolo ena ke mofuta oa radiator, ke moea feela o pholileng ho eona. Kaha turbine e baka khatello e phahameng 'me moea o futhumala, e tlameha ho pholile ho fumana phello ea ho kenya. Haeba intercooler e sa sebelisoe, phello e tla ba, empa e nyenyane haholo.
   

   Ha ho hlomelloa mochini ka turbine, ho tla hlokahala intercooler.
2. Ho hlomella enjene ea carburetor ka turbine ke mosebetsi o kotsi. Ho ea ka phihlelo ea beng ba likoloi ba sebetsanang le liphetoho tse joalo, mokelikeli o mongata o ka "bang", o tla fofa ho tloha holong. Kaha ho kenngoa ho na le molao-motheo o fapaneng oa enjene ea ente, turbine ea enjene ena ke khetho e ntle, leha e le theko e boima.
3. Ho ipapisitsoe le ntlha ea bobeli, ea boraro e ea latela - o tla hloka ho etsa enjene hape hore e be ente kapa ho e kenya.

Ho kenya turbocharger koloing ho hloka letsete le leholo la lichelete.

Haeba u se mokhanni ea chesehang joalo oa koloi ea lebelo, joale u lokela ho sheba nqa ea compressor, e nang le liphapang tse latelang ho tloha turbine:

1. Ha e hlahise khatello e phahameng ea mali.
2. Ha ho hlokahale ho kenya intercooler.
3. O ka hlomella enjene ea carburetor ea VAZ.

Ho hlomella VAZ 2106 ka yuniti eo ho buuoang ka eona, o tla hloka kit ea compressor - kit e kenyelletsang ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe eo u e hlokang ho hlomella koloi hape (liphaephe, li-fasteners, supercharger, joalo-joalo).

Compressor kit bakeng sa "classic" e na le supercharger le likarolo tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kenya

Sehlahisoa se kenngoa ho latela litaelo tsa moetsi.

Video: ho kenya compressor ka mohlala oa "tse hlano"

Setulo se thothomelang: Compressor bakeng sa VAZ carburetor (tlasa AMAG)

Enjene ea 16-valve ho VAZ 2106

E 'ngoe ea likhetho tsa ho lokisa "tse tšeletseng" ke ho nkela enjene ea 8-valve sebaka ka 16-valve, mohlala, ho tloha VAZ 2112. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso eohle ha e felle ka ho fetola banal ea likoloi. Ho na le mosebetsi o boima, o boima ebile o theko e boima ka pele. Mekhahlelo ea mantlha ea ntlafatso e joalo ke:

1. Bakeng sa enjene ea li-valve tse 16, re kenya mochine oa matla oa ente.
2. Re etsa hore ho behoe lithabeng tsa enjene (ho sebelisoa litšehetso tsa khale).
3. Re fetola moqhaka holim'a flywheel, eo re e theolang ea khale, 'me sebakeng sa eona re beha karolo ea VAZ 2101 ka preheating. Joale, ho tloha ka lehlakoreng la enjene ho flywheel, re sila lehetleng (o tla tlameha ho ikopanya le turner). Sena sea hlokahala e le hore se qalang se oele sebakeng. Qetellong ea mosebetsi le flywheel, re etsa ho leka-lekanya ha eona.
   

   Re phethela sefofane ka ho kenya moqhaka ho tloha VAZ 2101
4. Re khaolitse ho tloha VAZ 16 crankshaft holim'a crankshaft ea enjene ea li-valve tse 2101, kaha ntho ena ke ts'ehetso bakeng sa shaft ea ho kenya lebokose la gear. Ntle le ho nkela sebaka, sebaka se tla hloleha kapele.
   

   Ho crankshaft, hoa hlokahala ho nkela sebaka ka "penny"
5. Pallet e boetse e tlas'a ntlafatso: re senya li-stiffeners ka lehlakoreng le letona e le hore enjene e se ke ea phomola khahlanong le sefate.
   

   Pallet e hloka ho lokisoa e le hore e se ke ea phomola khahlanong le sefate
6. Re lokisa thebe ea motlakase tlas'a boloko e ncha ka hamore le sledgehammer.
   

   Thebe ea enjene e hloka ho otlolloa e le hore enjene e ncha e be e tloaelehileng 'me e se ke ea phomola khahlanong le' mele
7. Re kenya clutch ho tloha VAZ 2112 ka adaptara e nang le tokollo e tsoang ho "mashome". Fereko e nang le silinda ea lekhoba la clutch e ntse e le letsoalloa.
8. Re kenya sistimi ea ho pholisa ka boikhethelo ba rona, kaha e ntse e hloka ho fetoloa. Radiator e ka fanoa, ka mohlala, ho tloha VAZ 2110 ka khetho ea liphaephe tse loketseng ho tloha VAZ 2121 le 2108, thermostat - ho tloha "penny".
   

   Ha u kenya enjene ea li-valve tse 16, u tla tlameha ho kenya moralo o fapaneng oa sistimi e pholileng
9. Ho ea ka sistimi ea ho ntša metsi, re etsa hore mochini o tsoang hangata o be teng kapa o etsa mosi ho tloha qalong.
10. Re kenya hitch, kopanya wiring.
    

    Ka mor'a ho kenya enjene, re phahamisa hitch ebe re kopanya mohala

Ho tsoa lintlha tse thathamisitsoeng bakeng sa ho kenya yuniti ea li-valve tse 16, u ka utloisisa le ho lekola bokhoni ba hau esale pele ka lichelete le ka botekgeniki. Ha ho na le likarolo tse hlokahalang le tsebo, u tla tlameha ho batla thuso ea ka ntle 'me u "tšolle" chelete e eketsehileng ho mofuta ona oa ho itlosa bolutu.

Video: ho kenya enjene ea li-valve tse 16 ho "classic"

GEAR 16kl bakeng sa Classics - Ho kenya ho tloha ho -A ho ea ho -Z. Ke eng e lokelang ho fetoloa le ho ntlafatsoa?

Enjene ea "tse tšeletseng" e ikakhela ka setotsoana ho qobella, 'me ha ho hlokahale hore e be setsebi se nang le phihlelo e pharaletseng ho eketsa molumo oa yuniti. Butle-butle ho ntlafatsa koloi ea hau, ka lebaka leo, u ka fumana koloi ea "peppy" e tla etsa hore u itšepe haholoanyane tseleng.