Pompo ea mafura a khatello e phahameng: ke eng ka koloing? Dizeli le Petrol
Lingoliloeng tse fumanehang webosaeteng ea Vodi.su, re sebelisa likhutsufatso tse fapaneng. Kahoo, sehloohong sa morao tjena mabapi le lebanta la nako, re boletse hore lebanta la alternator le fetisetsa ho potoloha ho tloha crankshaft ho ea ho lihlopha tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsa le pompo ea ente. Ke eng e patiloeng tlas'a khutsufatso ee?
Litlhaku tsena li bolela: pompo ea peterole e nang le khatello e phahameng, e leng setsi sa bohlokoa haholo se kenngoa hoo e batlang e le likoloi tsohle tsa morao-rao. Qalong, e ne e sebelisoa feela ho lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse sebelisang peterole ea diesel. Ho fihlela joale, e ka boela ea fumanoa lienjineng tsa peterole tse nang le mofuta o ajoang oa ente.
Ke hobane'ng ha TNVD e hlokahala?
Haeba u sheba histori ea indasteri ea likoloi, u ka bona hore carburetor e ne e ikarabella pele bakeng sa kabo ea mafura holim'a li-cylinders. Empa ho tloha qalong ea lilemo tsa bo-80 tsa lekholo la XX, litsamaiso tsa ente li ile tsa qala ho e tlosa. Taba ke hore carburetor e na le "drawback" e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa - ka thuso ea eona ha ho khonehe ho fana ka likarolo tse lekantsoeng ka ho hlaka tsa motsoako oa mafura-moea ka har'a likamore tse tukang tsa piston, ke ka lebaka leo sekhahla sa phallo se neng se phahame.
Injector e fana ka phepelo ea motsoako ka mong ho e 'ngoe ea li-cylinders. Ka lebaka la ntlha ena, likoloi li ile tsa qala ho sebelisa mafura a fokolang. Sena se ile sa khoneha ka lebaka la tšebeliso e atileng ea lipompo tsa mafura tse nang le khatello e phahameng. Ho tloha mona re fihlela qeto ea hore morero o ka sehloohong oa pompo ea mafura ke ho fana ka likarolo tse hlokahalang tsa likopano tsa mafura ho li-cylinders. 'Me kaha pompo ena e amana ka ho toba le crankshaft, ha lebelo le theoha, palo ea karolo e fokotseha,' me ha e potlakisa, ho fapana le hoo, e eketseha.
Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso le sesebelisoa
Sesebelisoa se ka 'na sa bonahala se rarahane ha u habanya feela:
- lipara tsa plunger tse nang le plunger (piston) le cylinder (lephaka);
- mafura a fuoa para e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea plunger ka likanale;
- cam shaft e nang le clutch ea centrifugal - e potoloha ho tloha lebanta la nako;
- li-plunger pushers - li hatelloa ke likamera tsa shaft;
- khutlela liliba - khutlisetsa plunger sebakeng sa eona sa pele;
- li-valve tsa ho fana, li-fittings;
- li-gear racks le regulator ea mefuta eohle e laoloang ke pedal ea khase.
Ena ke schematic, tlhaloso e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea pompo ea ente e ka har'a mohala. Ho tseba sesebelisoa, ha ho thata ho hakanya hore na sistimi ena kaofela e sebetsa joang: cam shaft e potoloha, likame tsa eona li hatella li-pusher tsa plunger. Plunger e phahamisa silinda. Khatello ea phahama, e bulang valve ea ho fana le mafura a phallang ho eona ho ea ho ente.
E le hore molumo oa motsoako o lumellane le mekhoa ea ho sebetsa ea enjene, lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng li sebelisoa. Kahoo, ka lebaka la ho potoloha ha plunger, ha se motsoako oohle oa mafura o lebisitsoeng ho li-injection, empa karolo ea eona feela, ha tse ling kaofela li tloha ka har'a li-drain channel. Clutch ea pele ea ente ea centrifugal e sebelisoa ho fana ka mafura ho liente ka nako e nepahetseng. Ho boetse ho sebelisoa regulator ea mekhoa eohle, e kopantsoeng ka seliba ho ea ho pedal ea khase. Haeba u hata holim'a khase, mafura a mangata a kenngoa ka har'a lisilindara. Haeba u tšoara pedal sebakeng se tsitsitseng kapa u lokolla, palo ea motsoako e fokotseha.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore likoloing tsa sejoale-joale, litokiso tsohle ha li etsoe ka mochini ho tsoa ho pedal, palo ea ente e beoa leihlo ke lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse amanang le li-sensor tse fapaneng. Haeba, ka mohlala, u hloka ho potlakisa, litšusumetso tse lumellanang li romeloa ho li-actuator, 'me palo e lekantsoeng ka thata ea mafura e kena ka har'a li-cylinders.
Mefuta
Sehlooho sena se pharalletse haholo. Ka holimo, re hlalositse feela mofuta o bonolo ka ho fetisisa oa pompo ea ente. Indasteri ea likoloi ha e eme, 'me kajeno mefuta e fapaneng ea lipompo tsa khatello e phahameng e sebelisoa haholo:
- kabo - ho ba le plunger e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli bakeng sa ho fana ka motsoako seporong sa mafura, ho na le lipara tse fokolang tsa plunger ho feta li-cylinders ka enjeneng;
- Seporo se Tloaelehileng - mofuta o ka sehloohong oa sistimi e ts'oanang le molao-motheo oa ho tsamaisa lipompo tsa ente, empa e fapana ka sesebelisoa se rarahaneng le khatello e phahameng ea phepelo ea mafura;
- Pompo ea mafura a khatello e phahameng e nang le hydraulic accumulator - TVS e kena ka har'a pokello ea hydraulic ho tloha pompong, ebe e fafatsoa ka li-nozzles ka li-cylinders.
Hoa thahasellisa hore ke lipompo tse tloaelehileng tsa ente tsa in-line tse amoheloang e le tse tšepahalang le tse tšoarellang ka ho fetisisa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litsamaiso tsa mofuta oa Common Rail li khetholloa ka sebopeho se rarahaneng haholo le litlhoko tse tiileng tsa boleng ba mafura a disele. Lipompo tsa mafura tse nang le khatello e phahameng ea metsi tse nang le hydraulic accumulator ha li sebelisoe haholo ho hang.
Ha e le hantle, ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea li-injection tse nang le li-valve tsa solenoid ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea terene e sebetsang ho ea ka mananeo a rarahaneng, lienjiniere tse joalo li na le moruo. Lienjiniere tsa diesel tsa mofuta ona li ja lilithara tse 3-4 tsa peterole esita le toropong.
Empa tlhokomelo e turu haholo:
- tlhahlobo ea kamehla;
- tšebeliso ea oli e theko e boima ea enjene e khothalletsoang ke moetsi;
- haeba ho na le esita le likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa mechine le li-abrasives ka har'a mafura, joale likarolo tse nepahetseng le li-plunger li tla hlōleha kapele haholo.
Ka hona, re khothaletsa ho tlatsa mafura feela marang-rang a liteishene tsa khase tse netefalitsoeng tse nang le diesel ea boleng bo holimo haeba u na le koloi e nang le sistimi e tloaelehileng ea Rail.
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