Ho aha likoloi tsa likolo tsa ho khanna

Likarolo tse kholo tsa enjene ea peterole ea stroke tse nne

• Tsepamisitsoeng likarolo: silindara hlooho, le literata silindara, crankcase, diselennere, pane oli.

• Likarolo tse tsamaeang: 1. mochini o koahelang crankshaft, molamu o hokelang, piston, masale a piston, pin pin, seuse fuse. Mekhoa ea bobeli ea nako: camshaft, pusher, stems ea valve, matsoho a rocker, li-valve, liliba tsa ho khutla.

Ts'ebetso ea enjene e nang le stroke e mene

• Nako ea 1: ho hula: piston e tloha setsing se ka holimo se shoeleng (DHW) ho ea setsing se ka tlaase sa bafu (DHW), valve e kenang ea kamore ea mollo ke motsoako o kenang oa mafura le moea.

• Nako ea bobeli: compression: piston e khutla ho tloha ho DHW ho ea ho DHW 'me motsoako oa ho hula o hatelloa. The lesoba le molatsoana di-valve li koetsoe.

• Lekhetlo la boraro: ho phatloha: motsoako o petelitsoeng o hotetsoa ke tlhase ea motlakase o tsoang ho plug plug, ho phatloha hoa etsahala mme ka nako e ts'oanang, matla a enjene a hlahisoa, ha piston e sutumetsoa ka matla a maholo ho tloha DH ho ea DHW, crankshaft e potoloha tlasa khatello ea silindara.

• Nako ea 4: ho qeta: piston e khutla ho tloha DH ho ea DH, sephahla sa ho qeta se bulehile, lihlahisoa tsa mollo li qobelloa moeeng ka phala ea ho qeta.

Phapang lipakeng tsa enjene ea stroke tse nne le tse peli

• enjene ea methapo e mene: ho etsoa lichapo tse 'nè tsa piston, lihora tsohle tsa mosebetsi li etsoa piston, crankshaft e etsa liphetoho tse peli, e na le mochine oa valve, lubrication ke khatello.

• enjene ea li-stroke tse peli: lihora tse peli tsa mosebetsi li etsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe, ea pele ke ho hula le ho hatella, ea bobeli ke ho phatloha le ho qeta nako, lihora tsa mosebetsi li etsoa ka holimo le ka tlas'a piston, crankshaft e phethela phetoho e le' ngoe, kanale ea kabo, lubrication ke motsoako oa eona oa oli, peterole le moea.

Kabo ea OHV

Camshaft e fumaneha ka har'a sebaka sa enjine. Li-valve (ho kena le ho tsoa) li laoloa ke li-lifters, li-valve stems le matsoho a rocker. Li-valve li koetsoe ke liliba tse khutlang. Camshaft drive ke sehokelo sa ketane. Bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa nako ea valve, crankshaft e potoloha ka makhetlo a 2 mme camshaft e potoloha nako e le 'ngoe.

Kabo ea OHC

Sebopeho, se bonolo. Camshaft e ka hloohong ea silindara mme likamera tsa eona li laola matsoho a rocker ka kotloloho. Ho fapana le kabo ea OHV, ha ho na lifters le li-valve. Koloi e entsoe ka crankshaft ka ketane ea khokahano kapa lebanta le meno.

Tlhalo 2 OHC

E na le li-camshafts tse peli tse hloohong ea silindara, e 'ngoe ea tsona e laola ho kenella le li-valve tse ling tsa ho qeta. Koloi e ts'oana le ea ho fana ka OHC.

Mefuta ea barrel

ka pele, ka morao, bohareng (haeba ho hlokahala), e khannoang, e khannoang (phetisetso ea motlakase oa enjene), e tsamaisoa, e sa laoloeng.

Thothetsang molelo betri

Morero: ho hotetsa motsoako o petelitsoeng ka nako e nepahetseng.

Likarolo tse kholo: betri, junction box, induction coil, distributor, breaker breaker, capacitor, likhoele tse phahameng tsa voltage, spark plugs.

Ts'ebetso: kamora ho chencha senotlolo lebokoseng la mateano le ho hakolla motlakase (12V) ho switch, motlakase ona o sebelisoa mochini o ka sehloohong oa coil ea induction. Matla a phahameng (ho fihlela ho 20 V) a susumetsoa ke matsoelintsoeke a bobeli, a tsamaisoang lipakeng tsa li-spark plugs ka tatellano 000-1-3-4 ka letsoho la karohano le arolang ka likhoele tse nang le matla a maholo. Capacitor e sebetsa ho thibela ho teneha ha mabitso a li-switch ebe e tlosa matla a mangata.

аккумулятор

Ke mohloli oa motlakase o lulang o le teng ka koloing ea hau.

Likarolo tse kholo: ho paka, lisele tse ntle (+) le tse fosahetseng (-), lipoleiti tse etellang pele, li-spacers, terminal e ntle le e mpe ea betri. Lisele li qoelisitsoe ka har'a elektrolyte ka mokotleng (motsoako oa asiti ea sulfuric e nang le metsi a silafalitsoeng ho fihlela ho 28 ho ea ho 32 Be).

Tlhokomelo: ho qhekella ka metsi a silafalitsoeng, bohloeki le ho tiisa khokahano e ntle le e mpe.

Koetliso ea ho kenya

E sebelisetsoa ho hlohlelletsa (fetolela) 12 V ea hona joale hore e be matla a phahameng a motlakase ho fihlela ho 20 V. E na le linyeoe, li-windings tsa mantlha le tsa bobeli, konokono ea tšepe le komporo.

Tse ngata

E sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa motlakase o phahameng ho li-spark plugs ka nako e nepahetseng ho boloka enjene e sebetsa khafetsa le hantle. Morekisi o tsamaisoa ke camshaft. The distributor shaft e qetella ka lik'hamera tse laolang lever e suthehang (contact) ea switch, eo motlakase oa 12 V o sitisoang ka eona, 'me nakong ea tšitiso ho kenngoa motlakase o phahameng ka har'a coil ea induction, e tsamaisoang ka cable ho ea. moabi. Mona motlakase o abeloa likerese. Karolo e 'ngoe ea distributor ke capacitor, e sebetsang ho thibela ho chesa ha mabitso a switjha. Karolo e 'ngoe ke vacuum centrifugal regulator. Ho ipapisitse le khatello ea ho hula le lebelo la enjene, li laola nako ea ho tima ha lebelo la enjene le eketseha.

Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase ka koloing

starter (sesebelisoa se seholohali), mabone a pele, mabone a tlhokomeliso le tlhokomeliso, lenaka, li-wiper, lebone le nkehang, radio, jj.

Qalang

Morero: ho qala enjene.

Lintlha: stator, male rotor, stator matsoelintsoeke, commutator, motlakase kela, Gear, Gear fereko.

Molao-motheo oa tšebetso: ha motlakase o sebelisoa ho ts'oaroa ka kela, mokokotlo oa motlakase oa motlakase o huleloa kela. Pinion e kenngoa ka lesale le nang le meno a fofone le sebelisang joko ea pinion. Sena se koala khokahano ea male rotor, e qalang ho qala.

Jenereithara

Morero: mohloli oa matla a motlakase ka koloing. Hafeela enjene e ntse e sebetsa, e fana ka matla ho lisebelisoa tsohle tsa motlakase tse sebelisoang ebe e tjhaja betri ka nako e le 'ngoe. E tsamaisoa ho tloha crankshaft u sebelisa V-lebanta. E hlahisa phapang e teng hona joale, e lokisoang hore e lule e le matla khafetsa ka li-diode tse lokisang liphoso.

Lintlha: stator e nang le matsoelintsoeke, male rotor le matsoelintsoeke, diode rectifier, leshala, carbon catcher, fene.

dynamo

Sebelisa joalo ka seemahale. Phapang ke hore e fana ka hajoale e teng, e na le matla a fokolang.

Likerese tsa motlakase

Morero: ho hotetsa motsoako o monyang le o petelitsoeng.

Likarolo: eleketrode e ntle le e fosahetseng, kobo ea keramic, khoele.

Mohlala oa khetho: N 14-7 - N khoele e tloaelehileng, bophara ba khoele ea 14, li-plug tse khanyang tse 7.

Mefuta e pholileng

Morero: ho tlosa mocheso o feteletseng ho enjene le ho netefatsa mocheso oa eona o sebetsang.

• mokelikeli: o sebeletsa ho tlosa mocheso, o bōpiloeng ka lebaka la ho ferekana ha likarolo tsa ho phunya tsa enjene le ho tlosoa ha mocheso nakong ea mocheso (ho phatloha). Bakeng sa sena, ho sebelisoa metsi a distilled, 'me mariha - antifreeze. E hlophisitsoe ka ho kopanya metsi a hloekisitsoeng le antifreeze coolant (Fridex, Alycol, Nemrazol). Karo-karolelano ea likaroloana e itšetlehile ka ntlha ea leqhoa e lakatsehang (mohlala -25°C).

• moea: 1. moralo, 2. qobelloa: a) lephaka, b) khatello ea maikutlo.

Likarolo tsa ho futhumatsa: radiator, pompo ea metsi. baki ea metsi, thermostat, sensor ea mocheso, selekanyamogote, lipeipi le lipeipi, ho tsoala lesoba.

Ts'ebetso: ka mor'a ho fetola enjene, pompo ea metsi (e tsamaisoang ke crankshaft ka V-belt) e sebetsa, mosebetsi oa eona ke ho potoloha mokelikeli. Mokelikeli ona o potoloha ha enjene e bata feela sebakeng se arohaneng sa enjene le hloohong ea cylinder. Ha mocheso o fihla ho 80 ° C, thermostat e bula ho phalla ha metsi ka valve ho ea ho se phodileng, moo pompo ea metsi e ntšang metsi a pholileng. Sena se sutumelletsa mokelikeli o futhumetseng ka ntle ho cylinder block ho ea ho radiator. Thermostat e etselitsoe ho boloka mocheso o sa khaotseng oa ho sebetsa oa sepholisa (80-90°C).

Grease

Morero: tlotsa likarolo tse tsamaeang le bokaholimo ba likhohlano, ho pholile, ho tiisa, ho hlatsoa litšila le ho sireletsa likarolo tse tsamaeang ho tsoa ts'enyehong.

• Ho tlotsa khatello: ho etsoa ke oli ea enjene. Oli sump e na le pompo ea gear e hulang oli ka basketeng e monyang ebe e hatella likarolo tse tsamaeang (mochine oa nako ea crank-timing) ka likanale tsa lubrication. Ka mor'a pompo ea gear ho na le valve ea liphallelo e sireletsang setsi sa lubrication khatellong e phahameng ka oli e teteaneng, e batang. Oli e kenngoa ka har'a mochini o hloekisang oli (sefa) se tšoasang litšila. Ntlha e 'ngoe ke sensor ea khatello ea oli e nang le alamo phanele ea lisebelisoa. Oli e sebelisoang ho tlotsa e khutlisetsoa paneng ea oli. Oli ea enjene e lahleheloa ke thepa ea eona ea ho tlotsa butle-butle, ka hona e tlameha ho fetoloa kamora ho matha ho tloha ho 15 ho isa ho 30 km tse likete (tse laetsoeng ke moetsi). Ho nkeloa sebaka ho etsoa ka mor'a ho khanna, ha enjene e ntse e futhumetse. Ka nako e ts'oanang, o hloka ho nkela sebaka sa ho hloekisa oli.

• Grease: E sebelisoa lienjiniking tse peli tsa stroke. Re tlameha ho eketsa oli ea enjene ea peterole e etselitsoeng lienjine tsa peterole tse hlasetsoeng ka makhetlo a mabeli, ka karolelano e bonts'itsoeng ke moetsi (mohlala, 1:33, 1:45, 1:50).

• Senya setlolo: Oli e nyanyatsoa likarolong tse tsamaeang.

Sistimi ea ho khanna koloi

Lintlha: enjene, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, gearbox, phapang, li-axles, mabili. Matla a fetisoa ka likarolo tse boletsoeng mme koloi ea tsamaisoa. Haeba enjene, clutch, phetiso le phapano li hokahane hammoho, ha ho na theko ea PTO.

Ho buisana

Morero: e sebelisetsoa ho fetisetsa motlakase oa enjene ho tloha enjene ho ea ho lebokose la li-gear le bakeng sa ho koala ha nakoana, hammoho le ho qala habonolo.

Dintlha: clutch pedal, clutch silinda, lever e le 'ngoe, tokollo ea ho jara, lokolla li-lever, khatello ea liliba, poleiti ea khatello e nang le lera, thebe ea clutch. Letlapa la khatello ea clutch le ka fenstereng ea koloi, e hokahantsoeng ka thata le crankshaft. Tlosa le ho kenya clutch ka pedal clutch.

Phetiso ea tšoaetso

Morero: e sebeletsa ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea matla a enjene. Ka ho chencha likere, koloi e ka tsamaea ka lebelo le fapaneng ka lebelo la enjene e sa feleng, e hlola libaka tse mpe ha e khanna, e ea pele, e ea morao hape e sa sebetse.

Lintlha: li-gearbox, drive, shaft le li-shaft tse bohareng, likere, li-gear tsa morao-rao, lifereko tse thellisang, taolo ea lever, phetiso ea oli ea phetisetso.

Lebokose la Gear

Morero: ho aba matla a motlakase ho mabili a axle ea ho khanna.

Dintlha: gearbox, gear, disk wheel.

Refueling: phetiso ea oli.

Phapang

Morero: E ne e sebelisetsoa ho arola lebelo la mabili a leqele le le letona ha e koloba. Kamehla ho feela ka barrel drive.

Mefuta: tapered (likoloi tsa baeti), ka pele (literaka tse ling)

Likarolo: phapang ea matlo = phaposi e fapaneng, sathalaete le lipolanete.

Sisteme ea mafura ea enjene ea peterole

Morero: ho fana ka mafura ho carburetor.

Lintlha: tanka, hloekiso ea mafura, pompo ea peterole ea lipalangoang ea diaphragm, carburetor.

Pompo ea mafura e khannoa ke camshaft. Ho tsamaisa pompo ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase, peterole e huloa ka tankeng ebe, ha e nyolla, e sutumetsa mafura ka phapusing ea phaphametse ea carburetor. Tanka ea peterole e na le phaphametse e fumanang boemo ba mafura ka tankeng.

• Ho qobelloa ho tsamaisa (tanka e theotsoe, carburetor up).

• Ke matla a khoheli (tanki holimo, carburetor fatše sethuthuthu).

Carburetor

Morero: e sebelisetsoa ho lokisa motsoako oa peterole ea moea ka karolelano ea 1:16 (peterole 1, moea 16).

Lintlha: phaposi ea phaphametse, phaphametse, nale ea phaphametse, phapusi e kopanyang, phaposi, nozzle e kholo, nozzle e sa sebetseng, bomo e potlakisang matla ****, pompo ea methapo.

Sytic

Ena ke karolo ea carburetor. E sebelisetsoa ho ntlafatsa motsoako ha o qala enjene maemong a batang. The throttle e sebelisoa ke lever kapa ka tsela e iketsang haeba e na le bimetallic spring, e e bulelang ka bo eona kamora ho pholisa.

Pompo ea Accelerator

Ena ke karolo ea carburetor. Bomo ea accelerator **** e hokahane le pedal ea accelerator. E sebelisoa ho natefisa motsoako hanghang ha pedal ea accelerator e tepelletse maikutlo.

Puso

Pakane: tsamaisa koloi tseleng e nepahetseng.

Likarolo: lebidi la setereng, lenaneng la li tsamaisoa, li tsamaisoa, letsoho le ka sehloohong, molamu oa setering, lever ea matla, manonyeletso a bolo.

• chisi
• nsete
• nsete

mariki

Morero: ho fokotsa lebelo le ho emisa koloi ka polokeho, ho e sireletsa hore e se itsamaise.

Ka tumellano:

• mosebeletsi (o ama mabili ohle)
• ho paka (feela ka mabili a axle e ka morao)
• tshohanyetso (ho sebelisoa mariki a ho paka)
• sebaka (literaka feela)

Ho laola mabili:

• mohlahare (moqomo)
• tiske

Brake ea haeteroliki

E sebelisoa e le ho robeha ha litšebeletso, ke ho robeha maoto ha maoto a mabeli.

Lintlha: pente ea mariki, silindara se hloahloa, polokelo ea mokelikeli oa metsi, lipeipi, li-cylinders tsa mabili, mabili a brake a nang le linings, moqomo oa mariki (bakeng sa mabili a ka morao), disc ea brake (bakeng sa mabili a ka pele), thebe ea brake.

Mechanical Brake

E sebelisoa e le brake ea ho paka makoloi, e sebetsoang ka letsoho, e sebetsa feela mabiling a li-axle tse ka morao, e sebetsa joalo ka brake ea tšohanyetso.

Lintlha: Lever ea brake ea letsoho, molamu oa polokeho, likoloi tsa mohala tse nang le likhoele tsa tšepe, tensioner ea lieta.

Lintho tse hloekisang moea

Morero: e sebelisetsoa ho hloekisa moea o kenang ka har'a carburetor.

• E omme: pampiri, e utloile.

• Metsi: sephutheloana sena se na le oli e tšoasang litšila, 'me moea o hloekisitsoeng o kenella carburetor. Lisebelisoa tse litšila tsa ho hloekisa li tlameha ho hloekisoa ebe li nkeloa sebaka hamorao.

Pelaelo

Morero: e fana ka kamano e sa khaotseng ea lebili le tsela mme e fetisetsa ho se tšoane ha tsela 'meleng.

• Liliba tsa kela.
• Liliba.
• Litlhaselo.

Makala a nyarosang

Morero: ho nyenyefatsa phello ea selemo, ho netefatsa botsitso ba koloi ha e kenella.

• Telescopic.
• Lever (e le 'ngoe kapa habeli ea sebetsang).

E emisa

Morero: ho thibela tšenyo ea ho emisoa le ho ts'oaroa ke lintho tse nyarosang. Li entsoe ka rabara.