Ho tšoaea piston
Tse ka hare
Ho tšoaea piston eu lumella hore u se ke ua ahlola feela litekanyo tsa bona tsa geometri, empa hape le thepa ea ho etsa, theknoloji ea tlhahiso, tumello e ntseng e eketseha e amohelehang, letšoao la khoebo la moetsi, tataiso ea ho kenya, le tse ling tse ngata. Ka lebaka la hore lipiston tsa malapeng le tse tsoang linaheng tse ling lia rekisoa, ka linako tse ling beng ba likoloi ba tobana le bothata ba ho hlalosa mabitso a itseng. Boitsebiso bona bo na le boitsebiso bo bongata bo u lumellang hore u fumane boitsebiso bo mabapi le matšoao a piston le ho fumana hore na linomoro, litlhaku le metsu li bolela eng.
1 - Letšoao la khoebo leo piston e lokolloang tlas'a lona. 2 - Nomoro ea serial ea sehlahisoa. 3 - Bophara bo eketsoa ka 0,5 mm, ke hore, tabeng ena ke piston ea ho lokisa. 4 - Boleng ba bophara ba ka ntle ba piston, ka limilimithara. 5 - Boleng ba lekhalo la mocheso. Tabeng ena, e lekana le 0,05 mm. 6 - Motsu o bonts'ang tsela ea ho kenya piston ho ea moo koloi e tsamaeang teng. 7 - Lintlha tsa tekheniki tsa moetsi (tse hlokahalang ha ho sebetsoa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare).
Boitsebiso bo holim'a piston
Lipuisano tse mabapi le hore na matšoao a lipiston a bolelang li lokela ho qala ka hore na moetsi o beha lintlha life ka sehlahisoa ka kakaretso.
- Boholo ba piston. Maemong a mang, ka matšoao a ka tlaase ho piston, u ka fumana linomoro tse bontšang boholo ba eona, tse hlalositsoeng ka lekholo la millimeter. Mohlala ke 83.93. Boitsebiso bona bo bolela hore bophara ha bo fete boleng bo boletsoeng, ho nahanoa ka mamello (lihlopha tsa mamello li tla tšohloa ka tlase, li fapane bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea mechine). Tekanyo e etsoa ka mocheso oa +20 ° С.
- Lekhalo le ntseng le phahama. Lebitso la eona le leng ke mocheso (kaha e ka fetoha hammoho le phetoho ea puso ea mocheso ka mochine o tukang o ka hare). E na le lebitso - Sp. E fanoe ka lipalo-palo, e bolelang limilimithara. Ka mohlala, ho khethoa ha letšoao ka piston SP0.03 ho bontša hore tumello tabeng ena e lokela ho ba 0,03 mm, ho nahanela sebaka sa mamello.
- Letšoao la khoebo. Kapa letšoao. Baetsi ha ba itsebise ka tsela ena feela, empa hape ba fana ka tlhahisoleseding ho beng ba matlo mabapi le hore na litokomane tsa mofuta ofe (li-catalogs tsa lihlahisoa) li lokela ho sebelisoa ha ho khethoa piston e ncha.
- Tataiso ea ho kenya. Lintlha tsena li araba potso - motsu o ka piston o supa eng? O "bua" kamoo piston e lokelang ho kenngoa kateng, e leng, motsu o huloa ka lehlakoreng la koloi e eang pele. Mechineng eo enjene ea mollo e ka hare e leng ka morao, ho fapana le motsu, hangata ho bontšoa crankshaft ea tšoantšetso e nang le flywheel.
- Nomoro ea ho bapala. Tsena ke linomoro le litlhaku tse bontšang schematically litekanyo tsa geometri tsa piston. Ka tloaelo, mabitso a joalo a ka fumanoa mecheng ea Europe eo likarolo tsa sehlopha sa piston li entsoeng ke lik'hamphani tse kang MAHLE, Kolbenschmidt, AE, Nural le tse ling. Ka toka, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho lahla hona joale ho sebelisoa hanyane le hanyane. Leha ho le joalo, haeba u hloka ho khetholla piston ho tsoa boitsebisong bona, joale u lokela ho sebelisa pampiri kapa lethathamo la elektronike la moetsi ea itseng.
Ntle le litlhaloso tsena, ho boetse ho na le tse ling, 'me li ka fapana ho tloha ho moetsi ho ea ho moetsi.
Letšoao la piston le hokae?
Bakhanni ba bangata ba thahasella karabo ea potso ea hore na matšoao a piston a hokae. E itšetlehile ka maemo a mabeli - litekanyetso tsa moetsi ea itseng le sena kapa tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le piston. Kahoo, tlhahisoleseling ea mantlha e hatisoa karolong e ka tlase (lehlakoreng la "ka pele"), setsing se sebakeng sa lesoba la piston, ho mookameli oa boima.
Ho tšoaea piston ea VAZ
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, beng kapa beng ba ho lokisoa ha lienjineri tse tukang ka hare tsa likoloi tsa VAZ hangata ba thahasella ho tšoaea lipiston tsa ho lokisa. ho feta moo re tla fana ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lipiston tse fapaneng.
VAZ 2110
Ka mohlala, a re nke enjene e tukang ka hare ea koloi ea VAZ-2110. Hangata, mohlala ona o sebelisoa lipiston tse tšoailoeng 1004015. Sehlahisoa se etsoa hantle ho AvtoVAZ OJSC. Lintlha tse khutšoane tsa tekheniki:
- bophara ba piston - 82,0 limilimithara;
- piston bophara ka mor'a ho lokisa pele - 82,4 limilimithara;
- piston bophara ka mor'a ho lokisa bobeli - 82,8 limilimithara;
- bophahamo ba piston - 65,9;
- bophahamo ba compression - 37,9 limilimithara;
- tumello e khothalletsoang ka cylinder ke 0,025 ... 0,045 mm.
ke 'meleng oa piston moo boitsebiso bo eketsehileng bo ka sebelisoang. Ka mohlala:
- "21" le "10" sebakeng sa lesoba bakeng sa monoana - ho khethoa ha mohlala oa sehlahisoa (likhetho tse ling - "213" li bontša mochine o tukang ka hare oa VAZ 21213, mohlala, "23" - VAZ 2123);
- "VAZ" ka moleka ka hare - lebitso la moetsi;
- litlhaku le lipalo holim'a moleka ka hare - lebitso le khethehileng la thepa ea motheo (e ka hlalosoa ho sebelisoa litokomane tsa moetsi, empa hangata boitsebiso bona ha bo na thuso);
- "AL34" molekang ka hare - ho khethoa ha motsoako oa ho lahla.
Matšoao a mantlha a tšoaeang a sebelisitsoeng moqhaka oa piston:
- Motsu ke lets'oao le shebaneng le bonts'ang tsela e lebang koloi ea camshaft. Ho seo ho thoeng ke "classic" VAZ mehlala, ka linako tse ling ho e-na le motsu u ka fumana lengolo "P", le bolelang "pele". Ka ho tšoanang, moeli oo lengolo le bontšitsoeng ho oona o tlameha ho lebisoa ka tsela ea ho tsamaea ha koloi.
- E 'ngoe ea litlhaku tse latelang ke A, B, C, D, E. Tsena ke matšoao a sehlopha sa bophara se bontšang ho kheloha ha boleng ba OD. Ka tlaase ke tafole e nang le litekanyetso tse khethehileng.
- Matšoao a sehlopha sa piston. "G" - boima bo tloaelehileng, "+" - boima bo eketsehile ka ligrama tse 5, "-" - boima bo fokotsehile ka ligrama tse 5.
- E 'ngoe ea lipalo ke 1, 2, 3. Ena ke lets'oao la sehlopha sa piston pin bore mme e hlalosa ho kheloha bophara ba piston bore bore. Ho phaella ho sena, ho na le khoutu ea 'mala bakeng sa parameter ena. Kahoo, pente e sebelisoa ka hare ho tlase. Mmala o moputsoa - sehlopha sa 1, 'mala o motala - sehlopha sa 2,' mala o mofubelu - sehlopha sa 3. lintlha tse ling li fanoe.
Hape ho na le litlhaloso tse peli tse arohaneng tsa lipiston tsa ho lokisa VAZ:
- triangle - ho lokisoa ha pele (bophara bo eketsoa ka 0,4 mm ho tloha boholo ba lebitso);
- lisekoere - tokiso ea bobeli (bophara bo eketsehile ka 0,8 mm ho tloha boholo ba lebitso).
Ka kopo elelloa hore bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea likoloi (ho kenyeletsoa le li-ICE tse fapaneng), boleng ba phapang ea li-piston tsa tokiso bo tlameha ho bonoa tlhahisoleseling.
VAZ 21083
Piston e 'ngoe e tsebahalang ea "VAZ" ke 21083-1004015. E boetse e hlahisoa ke AvtoVAZ. Litekanyo tsa eona tsa tekheniki le liparamente:
- bophara ba lebitso - 82 mm;
- bophara ka mor'a ho lokisa pele - 82,4 limilimithara;
- bophara ka mor'a ho lokisa bobeli - 82,8 limilimithara;
- bophara ba piston - 22 mm.
E na le mabitso a tšoanang le VAZ 2110-1004015. A re ke re lule hanyenyane ka sehlopha sa piston ho ea ka bophara ba ka ntle le sehlopha sa lesoba bakeng sa piston ea piston. Lintlha tse amehang li akaretsoa ka har'a litafole.
Kantle ho bophara:
| Sehlopha sa piston ka bophara ba kantle | A | B | C | D | E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piston ea bophara ba 82,0 (mm) | 81,965-81,975 | 81,975-81,985 | 81,985-81,995 | 81,995-82,005 | 82,005-82,015 |
| Piston ea bophara ba 82,4 (mm) | 82,365-82,375 | 82,375-82,385 | 82,385-82,395 | 82,395-82,405 | 82,405-82,415 |
| Piston ea bophara ba 82,8 (mm) | 82,765-82,775 | 82,775-82,785 | 82,785-82,795 | 82,795-82,805 | 82,805-82,815 |
Hoa thahasellisa hore mehlala ea piston VAZ 11194 le VAZ 21126 e hlahisoa feela ka lihlopha tse tharo - A, B le C. Tabeng ena, boholo ba mohato bo lumellana le 0,01 mm.
Tafole ea mangolo ea li-piston le mefuta ea ICE (li-brand) tsa likoloi tsa VAZ.
| Mohlala oa ICE VAZ | mohlala oa piston | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2101 | 21011 | 2105 | 21213 | 2123 | 2108 | 21083 | 2110 | 2112 | 21124 | 21126 | 21128 | 11194 | |
| 2101 | |||||||||||||
| 21011 | |||||||||||||
| 2103 | |||||||||||||
| 2104 | |||||||||||||
| 2105 | |||||||||||||
| 2106 | |||||||||||||
| 21073 | |||||||||||||
| 2121 | |||||||||||||
| 21213 | |||||||||||||
| 21214 | |||||||||||||
| 2123 | |||||||||||||
| 2130 | |||||||||||||
| 2108 | |||||||||||||
| 21081 | |||||||||||||
| 21083 | |||||||||||||
| 2110 | |||||||||||||
| 2111 | |||||||||||||
| 21114 | |||||||||||||
| 11183 | |||||||||||||
| 2112 | |||||||||||||
| 21124 | |||||||||||||
| 21126 | |||||||||||||
| 21128 | |||||||||||||
| 11194 | |||||||||||||
Likoti tsa piston:
| Sehlopha sa piston pin bore | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piston ea lesoba bophara ba lesoba(mm) | 21,982-21,986 | 21,986-21,990 | 21,990-21,994 |
Ho tšoaea piston ea ZMZ
Sehlopha se seng sa beng ba likoloi ba ratang ho tšoaea lipiston ho na le li-motors tsa mofuta oa ZMZ tseo ba nang le tsona. Li kenngoa likoloing tsa GAZ - Volga, Gazelle, Sobol le tse ling. Nahana ka litlhaloso tse fumanehang bakeng sa linyeoe tsa bona.
Lebitso "406" le bolela hore piston e reretsoe ho kenya mochine o tukang ka hare oa ZMZ-406. Ho na le mabitso a mabeli a hatisitsoeng ka tlase ho piston. Ho ea ka lengolo le sebelisitsoeng ka pente, leboteng le lecha, piston e atamela cylinder. Ha ho lokisoa ka boring ea cylinder, lits'oants'o tse hlokahalang li etsoa molemong oa ho tena le ho hlonepha lipiston tse rekiloeng pele tse nang le boholo bo lakatsehang.
Nomoro ea Seroma e holim'a piston e bontša sehlopha sa piston se lakatsehang. Li-diameter tsa likoti ho baokameli ba piston, hlooho ea molamu o kopanyang, hammoho le bophara ba ka ntle ba piston ea piston e arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'nÚ tse tšoailoeng ka pente: I - tšoeu, II - tala, III - mosehla, IV - e khubelu. Ho menoana, palo ea sehlopha e boetse e bontšoa ka pente e ka hare kapa lipheletsong. E tlameha ho lumellana le sehlopha se bontšitsoeng piston.
ke holim'a molamu o kopanyang moo palo ea sehlopha e lokelang ho tšoauoa ka pente ka tsela e tšoanang. Tabeng ena, nomoro e boletsoeng e tlameha ho lumellana kapa e be haufi le palo ea sehlopha sa menoana. Khetho ena e tiisa hore pinana e tlotsitsoeng e tsamaea ka boiteko bo fokolang hloohong ea molamu o kopanyang, empa ha e oe ho eona. Ho fapana le li-pistons tsa VAZ, moo tataiso e bontšoang ka motsu, ho li-piston tsa ZMZ moetsi o ngola ka ho toba lentsoe "FRONT" kapa o beha feela lengolo "P". Ha ho bokana, protrusion e ka tlaase ho hlooho ea molamu o kopanyang e tlameha ho lumellana le mongolo ona (e be ka lehlakoreng le le leng).
Ho na le lihlopha tse hlano, tse nang le mohato oa 0,012 mm, tse bontšitsoeng ke litlhaku A, B, C, D, D. Lihlopha tsena tsa boholo li khethiloe ho ea ka bophara bo ka ntle ba seaparo. Li lumellana:
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 limilimithara;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 limilimithara;
- B - 92,012 ... 92,024 limilimithara;
- H - 92,024 ... 92,036 limilimithara;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 limilimithara.
Boleng ba sehlopha sa piston bo hatisitsoe ka tlase ho eona. Kahoo, ho na le lihlopha tse 'ne tsa boholo tse tšoailoeng ka pente ho baokameli ba piston:
- 1 - tšoeu (22,0000 ... 21,9975 limilimithara);
- 2 - tala (21,9975 ... 21,9950 limilimithara);
- 3 - mosehla (21,9950 ... 21,9925 limilimithara);
- 4 - khubelu (21,9925 ... 21,9900 limilimithara).
Matšoao a sehlopha sa lesoba la menoana a ka boela a sebelisoa moqhaka oa piston ka lipalo tsa Seroma, 'me nomoro ka' ngoe e na le 'mala o fapaneng (I - tšoeu, II - tala, III - mosehla, IV - khubelu). Lihlopha tsa boholo ba lipiston tse khethiloeng le lipini tsa piston li tlameha ho lumellana.
ZMZ-405 ICE e kenngoa ho GAZ-3302 Gazelle Business le GAZ-2752 Sobol. Ho baloa tumello pakeng tsa moleka oa piston le silindara (bakeng sa likarolo tse ncha) e lokela ho ba 0,024 ... 0,048 mm. E hlalosoa e le phapang pakeng tsa bophara ba cylinder e fokolang le bophara bo boholo ba skirt ea piston. Ho na le lihlopha tse hlano, tse nang le mohato oa 0,012 mm, tse bontšitsoeng ke litlhaku A, B, C, D, D. Lihlopha tsena tsa boholo li khethiloe ho ea ka bophara bo ka ntle ba seaparo. Li lumellana:
- A - 95,488 ... 95,500 limilimithara;
- B - 95,500 ... 95,512 limilimithara;
- B - 95,512 ... 95,524 limilimithara;
- H - 95,524 ... 95,536 limilimithara;
- D - 95,536 ... 95,548 limilimithara.
Boleng ba sehlopha sa piston bo hatisitsoe ka tlase ho eona. Kahoo, ho na le lihlopha tse 'ne tsa boholo tse tšoailoeng ka pente ho baokameli ba piston:
- 1 - tšoeu (22,0000 ... 21,9975 limilimithara);
- 2 - tala (21,9975 ... 21,9950 limilimithara);
- 3 - mosehla (21,9950 ... 21,9925 limilimithara);
- 4 - khubelu (21,9925 ... 21,9900 limilimithara).
Kahoo, haeba mochine oa motlakase oa ka hare oa GAZ o na le, ka mohlala, lengolo la B, joale sena se bolela hore mochine o tukang ka hare o ile oa fetoloa habeli.
Ho ZMZ 409, hoo e batlang e le litekanyo tsohle li tšoana le ho ZMZ 405, ntle le ho phomola (puddle), e tebile ho feta 405. Sena se etsoa ho lefella tekanyo ea khatello, boholo ba h bo eketseha ka pistons 409. Hape , bophahamo ba khatello ea 409 ke 34 mm, le bakeng sa 405 - 38 mm.
Re fana ka tlhahisoleseding e tšoanang bakeng sa mochine oa motlakase oa ka hare oa ZMZ 402.
- A - 91,988 ... 92,000 limilimithara;
- B - 92,000 ... 92,012 limilimithara;
- B - 92,012 ... 92,024 limilimithara;
- H - 92,024 ... 92,036 limilimithara;
- D - 92,036 ... 92,048 limilimithara.
Lihlopha tsa boholo:
"Khetho e khethiloeng" ho ngola lipiston
- 1 - tÅ¡oeu; 25,0000âŠ24,9975 limilimithara;
- 2 - tala; 24,9975âŠ24,9950 limilimithara;
- 3 - mosehla; 24,9950âŠ24,9925 limilimithara;
- 4 - khubelu; 24,9925âŠ24,9900 limilimithara.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore ho tloha ka October 2005 ka pistons 53, 523, 524 (e kentsoeng, har'a lintho tse ling, ka mefuta e mengata ea ICE ZMZ), setempe sa "Khetho e khethiloeng" se kenngoa ka tlase ea bona. Li-pistons tse joalo li etsoa ho sebelisoa theknoloji e tsoetseng pele haholoanyane, e hlalositsoeng ka thoko litokomaneng tsa tekheniki bakeng sa bona.
| Letšoao la piston la ZMZ | Tlhaloso e sebelisitsoeng | Letshwao le kae | Mokhoa oa ho ngola |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53-1004015-22; "523.1004015"; "524.1004015"; "410.1004014". | Letšoao la khoebo la ZMZ | Sebakeng se haufi le lesoba la piston | Ho lahla |
| Tlhaloso ea mohlala oa piston | Sebakeng se haufi le lesoba la piston | Ho lahla | |
| "Pele" | Sebakeng se haufi le lesoba la piston | Ho lahla | |
| Piston ea bophara e tšoaeang A, B, C, D, D. | Ka tlase ho piston | Manala | |
| Setempe sa BTC | Ka tlase ho piston | Paint | |
| Ho tšoaea bophara ba menoana (e tšoeu, e tala, e mosehla) | Letlapeng la boima | Paint |
Lintlha tse ts'oanang tsa piston 406.1004015:
| Letšoao la piston la ZMZ | Tlhaloso e sebelisitsoeng | Letshwao le kae | Mokhoa oa ho ngola |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4061004015; "405.1004015"; "4061.1004015"; "409.1004015". | Letšoao la khoebo la ZMZ | Sebakeng se haufi le lesoba la piston | Ho lahla |
| "Pele" | |||
| Mohlala "406, 405, 4061,409" (406-AP; 406-BR) | |||
| Piston ea bophara e tšoaeang A, B, C, D, D | Ka tlase ho piston | Ho tshoha | |
| Ho tšoaea bophara ba menoana (e tšoeu, e tala, e mosehla, e khubelu) | Letlapeng la boima | Paint | |
| Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso "AK12MMgN" | Ho potoloha lesoba la piston | Ho lahla | |
| Setempe sa BTC | Ka tlase ho piston | pickling |
Ho tšoaea lipiston "Toyota"
Lipiston tsa Toyota ICE le tsona li na le mabitso le boholo ba tsona. Ka mohlala, koloing e tummeng ea Land Cruiser, lipiston li khethiloe ka litlhaku tsa Senyesemane A, B le C, hammoho le linomoro ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 3. Ka lebaka leo, litlhaku li bontša boholo ba lesoba la piston, le linomoro. bontša boholo ba bophara ba piston sebakeng sa "skirt". Piston ea ho lokisa e na le +0,5 mm ha e bapisoa le bophara bo tloaelehileng. Ke hore, bakeng sa ho lokisoa, mabitso a litlhaku feela a fetoha.
Ka kopo hlokomela hore ha u reka piston e sebelisitsoeng, u lokela ho lekanya lekhalo la mocheso pakeng tsa seaparo sa piston le lerako la cylinder. E lokela ho ba boemong ba 0,04 ... 0,06 mm. Ho seng joalo, hoa hlokahala ho etsa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea enjene ea mollo e tukang, 'me, haeba ho hlokahala, ho e lokisa.
Lipiston tse tsoang femeng ea Motordetal
Mechini e mengata ea malapeng le e tsoang kantle ho naha e sebelisa lipiston tsa ho lokisa tse entsoeng meahong ea tlhahiso ea moetsi oa sehlopha sa Kostroma piston Motordetal-Kostroma. Khampani ena e hlahisa li-piston tse nang le bophara ba 76 ho isa ho 150 mm. Ho fihlela joale, mefuta e latelang ea piston e hlahisoa:
- samente e tiileng;
- ka ho kenya thermostatic;
- ka ho kenya lesale la ho hatella holimo;
- e nang le kanale ea ho futhumatsa oli.
Li-piston tse hlahisoang ka tlas'a lebitso la lebitso le boletsoeng li na le mabitso a tsona. Tabeng ena, boitsebiso (ho tšoaea) bo ka sebelisoa ka litsela tse peli - laser le microimpact. Ho qala, a re shebeng mehlala e tobileng ea ho tšoaea ho entsoeng ka laser engraving:
- EAL - ho latela melao ea tekheniki ea mokhatlo oa lekhetho;
- E entsoe Russia - pontšo e tobileng ea naha ea tšimoloho;
- 1 - sehlopha ka boima ba 'mele;
- H1 - sehlopha ka bophara;
- 20-0305A-1 - nomoro ea sehlahisoa;
- K1 (ka selikalikoe) - letšoao la lefapha la taolo ea theknoloji (QCD);
- 15.05.2016/XNUMX/XNUMX - pontšo e tobileng ea letsatsi la tlhahiso ea piston;
- Sp 0,2 - tumello pakeng tsa piston le silindara (mocheso).
Joale a re shebeng mabitso a sebelisitsoeng ka thuso ea seo ho thoeng ke micro-impact, re sebelisa mehlala e tobileng:
- 95,5 - boholo ba kakaretso ka bophara;
- B - sehlopha ka bophara;
- III - sehlopha ho ea ka bophara ba monoana;
- K (ka selikalikoe) - letšoao la OTK (taolo ea boleng);
- 26.04.2017/XNUMX/XNUMX - pontšo e tobileng ea letsatsi la tlhahiso ea piston.
Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela mona hore bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-piston tse fapaneng, li-alloys tse sa tšoaneng tsa aluminium tse nang le li-additives li sebelisoa. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahisoleseding ena ha e bontšoe ka ho toba 'meleng oa piston, empa e ngotsoe litokomaneng tsa eona tsa theknoloji.
