Mokhoa oa ho khetha, ho lokisa le ho kenya crankshaft VAZ 2106
Tse ka hare
Enjene e tukang ka hare e ke ke ea nahanoa ntle le crankshaft, kaha ke karolo ena e u lumellang ho tlosa koloi sebakeng sa eona. Li-piston li khetholloa feela ke motsamao oa ho fetolela, 'me phetisetso e hloka torque, e ka fumanoang ka lebaka la crankshaft. Ha nako e ntse e ea, mochine ona oa khathala 'me o hloka mosebetsi oa ho lokisa. Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho tseba seo u lokelang ho se etsa le ka tatellano efe, lisebelisoa life tseo u ka li sebelisang.
Ke hobane'ng ha re hloka crankshaft ka mochine oa VAZ 2106?
Crankshaft (crankshaft) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mochine oa crank oa enjene efe kapa efe. Ts'ebetso ea yuniti e ikemiselitse ho fetola matla a likhase tse tukang hore e be matla a mochini.
Tlhaloso ea crankshaft VAZ 2106
Crankshaft e na le moralo o rarahaneng, o nang le likoranta tse hokahanyang tse lutseng sebakeng se le seng, tse hokahaneng ka marama a khethehileng. Palo ea likoranta tse kopanyang molamu ka mochine oa VAZ 2106 ke tse 'nè, tse lumellanang le palo ea li-cylinders. Lithupa tse kopanyang li kopanya likoranta tse holim'a shaft ho pistons, e leng se etsang hore ho be le metsamao e pheta-phetoang.
Nahana ka lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa crankshaft:
- Likoranta tse ka sehloohong ke karolo e tšehetsang ea shaft 'me e kentsoe holim'a li-bearings tse kholo (tse ka har'a crankcase).
- Crank necks. Karolo ena e etselitsoe ho hokahanya crankshaft le melamu e kopanyang. Likoranta tsa molamu o kopanyang, ho fapana le tse ka sehloohong, li na le ho falla kamehla ho ea ka mahlakoreng.
- Marama - karolo e fanang ka kamano ea mefuta e 'meli ea likoranta tsa shaft.
- Counterweights - ntho e leka-lekaneng boima ba lithupa tse kopanyang le lipiston.
- Karolo e ka pele ea shaft ke karolo eo pulley le gear ea mochine oa nako li kenngoa ho eona.
- Ka morao. Ho hokeletsoe flywheel ho eona.
Litiiso li kenngoa ka pele le ka morao ho crankshaft - litiiso tsa oli, tse thibelang oli ho balehela ka ntle. Mochine oohle oa crankshaft o potoloha ka lebaka la li-bearings tse khethehileng (liner). Karolo ena ke poleiti e tšesaane ea tšepe e koahetsoeng ka thepa e tlaase e hohlang. Ho thibela shaft ho tsamaea haufi le axis, ho sebelisoa "thrust bear". Lintho tse sebelisoang ha ho etsoa crankshaft ke tšepe ea carbon kapa alloy, hammoho le tšepe e fetotsoeng, 'me mokhoa oa tlhahiso ka boeona o etsoa ka ho lahla kapa ho hatakela.
Crankshaft ea yuniti ea matla e na le sesebelisoa se rarahaneng, empa molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea eona o bonolo haholo. Ka har'a lisilindara tsa enjene, motsoako oa mafura-moea oa hotetsa ebe oa chesa, e leng se fellang ka ho tsoa ha likhase. Nakong ea ho atolosa, likhase li sebetsa ho li-piston, tse lebisang metsamaong ea phetolelo. Matla a mechine a tsoang likarolong tsa piston a fetisetsoa ho lithupa tse kopanyang, tse amanang le tsona ka letsoho le piston ea piston.
Ntho e kang molamu o kopanyang e hokahane le koranta ea crankshaft ka ho kenya. Ka lebaka leo, motsamao oa phetolelo oa piston o fetoloa ho potoloha ha crankshaft. Ha shaft e fetoha halofo (e fetoha 180˚), crankpin e khutlela morao, kahoo e netefatsa ho khutla ha piston. Joale lipotoloho li phetoa.
Ha ho bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea crankshaft ke ts'ebetso ea ho tlotsa libaka tsa ho tlotsa, tse kenyelletsang molamu o kopanyang le likoranta tse kholo. Ke habohlokoa ho tseba le ho hopola hore phepelo ea lubricant ho shaft e etsahala tlas'a khatello, e entsoeng ke pompo ea oli. Oli e fuoa koranta e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mantlha ka thoko ho sistimi e akaretsang ea ho tlotsa. Lubricant e fanoa melaleng ea lithupa tse kopanyang ka litsela tse khethehileng tse teng likoranteng tse kholo.
Litekanyo tsa molala
Likoranta tse kholo le tse kopanyang tsa molamu li felloa ke matla ha enjene e sebelisoa, e leng se lebisang ho tlolo ea ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea yuniti ea matla. Ho feta moo, ho roala ho ka amahanngoa le mefuta e fapaneng ea mathata a enjene. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- khatello e tlase tsamaisong ea lubrication;
- oli e tlase ka har'a crankcase;
- ho chesa ho feteletseng ha enjene, e lebisang ho hlapolloeng ha oli;
- mafura a boleng bo tlase;
- ho koaleha ho hoholo ha filthara ea oli.
Li-nuances tse thathamisitsoeng li lebisa tšenyo holim'a likoranta tsa shaft, tse bontšang tlhokahalo ea ho lokisoa kapa ho nkeloa sebaka ha kopano. Ho hlahloba ho roala ha melala, ho hlokahala hore u tsebe litekanyo tsa bona, tse bontšitsoeng tafoleng.
Tafole: crankshaft journal diameters
| molamu o kopanyang | Maindia | ||||||||
| E lekantsoe | Lokisa | E lekantsoe | Lokisa | ||||||
| 0,25 | 0,5 | 0,75 | 1 | 0,25 | 0,5 | 0,75 | 1 | ||
| 47,814 | 47,564 | 47,314 | 47,064 | 46,814 | 50,775 | 50,525 | 50,275 | 50,025 | 49,775 |
| 47,834 | 47,584 | 47,334 | 47,084 | 46,834 | 50,795 | 50,545 | 50,295 | 50,045 | 49,795 |
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa ha melala e roaloa
Ke liketso life tsa ho roala likoranta tsa crankshaft ho VAZ 2106? Ntlha ea pele, ho rarolla mathata ho etsoa, litekanyo li nkoa ka micrometer, ka mor'a moo limakasine tsa crankshaft li belisoa ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng ho isa boholo ba ho lokisa. Maemong a garage, mokhoa ona o ke ke oa etsoa. Ho sila ha melala ho etsoa ka boholo bo haufi (ho itšetlehile ka litafole tse fanoeng). Ka mor'a ho sebetsa, li-liner tse teteaneng (ho lokisa) li kenngoa ho latela boholo bo bocha ba melala.
Haeba enjene e ntse e nchafatsoa, e ke ke ea e-ba ho fetelletseng ho hlahloba pompo ea oli, ho ntša likanale tsa oli tsa cylinder block, hammoho le crankshaft ka boeona. Ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo tsamaisong ea ho pholisa. Haeba ho na le matšoao a ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha ha likarolo tsa enjene kapa litsamaiso tsa eona, likarolo le lisebelisoa li hloka ho lokisoa kapa ho nkeloa sebaka.
Video: ho sila crankshaft mochining
Khetho ea crankshaft
Tlhokahalo ea ho khetha crankshaft bakeng sa VAZ 2106, joalo ka koloi efe kapa efe, e hlaha ha ho lokisoa enjene kapa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea enjene. Ho sa tsotelehe mesebetsi, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore crankshaft e tlameha ho ba boima, e nang le li-counterweights tse boima. Haeba karolo e khethiloe ka nepo, tahlehelo ea mechine e tla fokotseha haholo, hammoho le meroalo e meng ea mekhoa.
Nakong ea ho khetha node, le haeba e le ncha, tlhokomelo e haufi-ufi e lefshoa holim'a eona: ha hoa lokela ho ba le liphoso tse bonahalang, tse kang li-scratches, chips, scuffs. Ho phaella moo, tlhokomelo e lefshoa ho palo ea litšobotsi tsa crankshaft, e leng coaxiality, ovality, taper le bophara ba melala. Nakong ea kopano ea enjene, crankshaft e leka-lekane ho leka-lekanya likarolo tsohle tse potolohang. Bakeng sa mokhoa ona, ho sebelisoa setopo se khethehileng. Qetellong ea ho leka-lekanya, lokisa flywheel 'me u tsoele pele ka ts'ebetso hape. Ka mor'a moo, baskete ea clutch le likarolo tse ling (li-pulleys) li kenngoa. Ha ho na tlhoko ea ho leka-lekanya le clutch disc.
Ho kenya crankshaft ho VAZ 2106
Pele o tsoela pele ka ho kenya "crankshaft" ho "tšelela", o tla hloka ho lokisa cylinder block: hlatsoa le ho e hloekisa ho tloha litšila, ebe oe omisa. Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya ha e khonehe ntle le lisebelisoa, kahoo o hloka ho hlokomela litokisetso tsa bona:
- linotlolo li behiloe;
- Screwdriver Set;
- micrometer;
- lisebelisoa (tse kenyang, litiiso, mehele ea halofo);
- wrench ea torque.
ho beleha crankshaft
Karolo e ka morao ea crankshaft ea VAZ 2106 e kenyelelitsoe ho na le cage e pharaletseng, eo ho eona ho kenngoa shaft ea lebokose la gear. Ha o lokisa yuniti ea matla, ho tla ba molemo ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea bere. Mathata a tloaelehileng a karolo ena ke ponahalo ea ho bapala le ho senya. Ho nkela sebaka sa ho beha sebaka, o ka sebelisa mochini o khethehileng kapa oa sebelisa mokhoa o bonolo - ho kokota ka hamore le chisel. Ho phaella tabeng ea hore karolo e tla hloka ho qhaqhoa, ke habohlokoa ho reka sehlahisoa sa tekanyo e nepahetseng, e leng 15x35x14 mm.
Litiiso tsa oli ea crankshaft
Litiiso tsa oli tse ka pele le tse ka morao li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka nakong ea tokiso ea enjene, ho sa tsotelehe bophelo ba bona ba ts'ebeletso. Ho bonolo haholo ho qhaqha tsa khale le ho kenya li-cuffs tse ncha ka enjene e tlositsoeng. Litiiso ka bobeli li kenngoa ka likoahelo tse khethehileng (ka pele le ka morao).
Ha hoa lokela ho ba le mathata leha e le afe a ho ntša litiiso tsa khale tsa oli: pele, ho sebelisa adapter (litelu), tiiso e kentsoeng pele e ntšoa, ebe joale, ho sebelisoa mandrel ea boholo bo loketseng, karolo e ncha e hatelloa. Ha u reka li-cuffs tse ncha, ela hloko boholo ba tsona:
- 40 * 56 * 7 bakeng sa pele;
- 70*90*10 bakeng sa morao.
Kenya
Haeba mefokolo e fapaneng kapa matšoao a ho roala a fumanoa holim'a li-liner, li-bearings li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka, kaha li ke ke tsa fetoloa. Ho fumana hore na li-liner tse qhaqhoang li ka sebelisoa nakong e tlang, ho tla hlokahala ho lekanya pakeng tsa bona le molamu o kopanyang, hammoho le likoranta tse kholo tsa shaft. Bakeng sa likoranta tse kholo, boholo bo lumelletsoeng ke 0,15 mm, bakeng sa ho kopanya likoranta tsa molamu - 0,1 mm. Tabeng ea ho feta meeli e lumelletsoeng, li-bearings li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka ke likarolo tse nang le botenya bo boholo ka mor'a hore melala e be boreleli. Ka khetho e nepahetseng ea li-liner bakeng sa boholo bo loketseng ba molala, ho potoloha ha crankshaft ho lokela ho ba mahala.
mehele ea halofo
Sututsa mehele ea halofo (li-crescent) e thibela ho falla ha axial ea crankshaft. Ho tšoana le li-liner, ha ho hlokahale hore li lokisoe. Ka mefokolo e bonahalang ea li-semi-rings, karolo e tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka. Ho phaella moo, li tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka haeba ho hlaka ha axial ea crankshaft ho feta e amohelehang (0,35 mm). Li-crescents tse ncha li khethoa ho ea ka botenya ba lebitso. Boemo ba axial tabeng ena e lokela ho ba 0,06-0,26 mm.
Mehele ea halofo e kenngoa ho "tšelela" holim'a bere e kholo ea bohlano (ea pele ho tloha flywheel). Thepa bakeng sa ho etsa li-element e ka ba tse fapaneng:
- ka lehlakoreng la flywheel - boronse, ceramic-tšepe, koporo;
- ho tloha lehlakoreng le ka pele - boronse, tšepe-aluminium.
Ke efe ea likarolo tse thathamisitsoeng eo u ka e khethang e itšetlehile ka likhetho tsa mong'a koloi. Litsebi tse nang le phihlelo li eletsa ho kenya lihlahisoa tsa boronse. Ho phaella ho boitsebiso, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa tabeng ea hore mehele ea halofo e na le li-slots bakeng sa lubrication. Mokokotlo o ka pele o kenngoa ka li-slots ho ea ho shaft, crescent e ka morao - ka ntle.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya crankshaft VAZ 2106
Ha tlhahlobo e se e entsoe, ho rarolla mathata a crankshaft, mohlomong ho bora, lisebelisoa le likarolo tse hlokahalang li lokiselitsoe, o ka tsoela pele ho kenya mochine ho enjene. Mokhoa oa ho kenya crankshaft "Lada" ea mohlala oa botšelela o na le mehato e latelang:
- Re hatella ho jara shaft e kenang ea lebokose la gear.
Re kenya bearing ka morao ho crankshaft re sebelisa mandrel e loketseng. - Re kenya li-root bearings. Kopano e etsoa ka hloko ho qoba pherekano: tse ka sehloohong li kholoanyane 'me li na le groove bakeng sa lubrication (ho kenngoa ntle le groove ho kenngoa setulong sa boraro), ho fapana le melamu e kopanyang.Pele o beha crankshaft ka har'a block, ho hlokahala ho kenya li-bearings tse kholo
- Re kenya mehele ea halofo.Mehele ea halofo e tlameha ho kenngoa ka nepo: e ka pele e kentsoe mokokotlong, e ka morao e ka ntle.
- Tšela oli e hloekileng ea enjine likoranteng tsa crankshaft.
- Re beha shaft ka mokotleng oa enjene.Crankshaft e behiloe ka hloko ka har'a cylinder block, ho qoba ho tšoha
- Re kenya likoahelo tse nang le li-bearings tse kholo ka senotlolo ho senotlolo, ka mor'a moo re li tiisa ka torque ea 68-84 Nm, ka mor'a ho kolobisa libotlolo ka oli ea enjene.Ha u kenya likoahelo tse nang le li-bearings tse kholo, likarolo li lokela ho behoa senotlolo ho notlela
- Re kenya likhetla tsa molamu o kopanyang 'me re lokisa lithupa tsa ho kopanya ka torque e sa feteng 54 Nm.Ho kenya li-bearings tsa molamu o kopanyang, re kenya halofo e le 'ngoe ea bere ka har'a molamu o kopanyang, ebe, re beha piston ka silinda, kenya karolo ea bobeli ebe u tiisa.
- Re hlahloba hore na crankshaft e potoloha joang: karolo e lokela ho potoloha ka bolokolohi, ntle le ho jamming le ho khutlela morao.
- Kenya setiiso sa ka morao sa crankshaft.
- Re kopanya sekoahelo sa pallet.Ho kenya sekoahelo sa pallet, o tla hloka ho apara gasket, sekoahelo ka boeona, ebe o se lokisa
- Re etsa ho kenya promshaft ("piglet"), likere, liketane.Re kenya promshaft le likere pele re kenya sekoaelo sa nako
- Re kenya sekoahelo sa nako ka tiiso ea oli.Sekoahelo se ka pele sa enjene se kentsoe hammoho le tiiso ea oli
- Re kenya pulley ea crankshaft ebe re e tiisa ka 38 bolt.Ha re kentse "crankshaft pulley" holim'a shaft, re e lokisa ka bolt ea 38
- Re kenya likarolo tsa mochine oa nako, ho kenyelletsa le hlooho ea silinda.
- Re hula ketane.Kamora ho kenya hlooho le ho boloka sprocket ho camshaft, o tla hloka ho tiisa ketane.
- Re beha matšoao holim'a li-shafts ka bobeli.Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea enjene, boemo ba camshaft le crankshaft bo behiloe ho latela matšoao
- Re etsa ho kenya likarolo tse setseng le likopano.
Ho ntlafatsa ho tiisa, li-gaskets tsa enjene li khothalletsoa hore li kenngoe ho sebelisoa sealant.
Video: ho kenya crankshaft ho "classic"
Pulley ea Crankshaft
Jenereithara le pompo ea metsi ho VAZ 2106 li tsamaisoa ke lebanta le tsoang pulley ea crankshaft. Ha ho etsoa mosebetsi oa ho lokisa ka enjene, tlhokomelo e boetse e lokela ho lefshoa ho boemo ba pulley: na ho na le tšenyo e bonahalang (mapetsong, scuffs, dents). Haeba liphoso li fumanoa, karolo e lokela ho nkeloa sebaka.
Nakong ea ho kenya, pulley e holim'a crankshaft e tlameha ho lula ka ho lekana, ntle le ho sotha. Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore pulley e lutse ka thata holim'a shaft, senotlolo se sebelisoa ho thibela ho potoloha, ho ka boela ha senyeha. Karolo e nang le bothata e tlameha ho nkeloa sebaka.
Matšoao a crankshaft
E le hore enjene e sebetse ka mokhoa o se nang sekoli, ka mor'a ho kenya crankshaft, ho hlokahala sebaka se nepahetseng sa ho khantša. Ho na le leqhubu le khethehileng holim'a pulley ea crankshaft, 'me holim'a cylinder block ho na le matšoao a mararo (a mabeli a makhutšoane le bolelele bo le bong) a tsamaellanang le nako ea ho tima. Tse peli tsa pele li bonts'a angle ea 5˚ le 10˚, 'me e telele - 0˚ (TDC).
Letšoao holim'a pulley ea crankshaft le haufi le bolelele ba likotsi tse holim'a cylinder block. Ho boetse ho na le lets'oao ho sprocket ea camshaft e tlamehang ho tsamaellana le ho putlama ha ntlo e behang. Ho potoloha crankshaft, ho sebelisoa senotlolo se khethehileng sa boholo bo loketseng. Ho ea ka matšoao a tšoailoeng, piston ea cylinder ea pele e setsing se ka holimo se shoeleng, ha selaete se tsamaisang mollo se tlameha ho kenngoa ka pel'a ho kopana le silinda ea pele.
Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore crankshaft ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea enjene leha e le efe, esita le mochine oa koloi ea qalang o ka lokisa mochine, ntle le sethaleng sa ho sila. Ntho e ka sehloohong ke ho khetha likarolo ho ea ka litekanyo tsa shaft, ebe u latela litaelo tsa mohato ka mohato tsa ho li kopanya.
