Joang ho ithuta ho utloisisa likoloi ho tloha qalong? Video e qaqileng

Bokhoni ba ho utloisisa mechini ke mohopolo o pharaletseng. Ho ba bang, ho lekane ho khetholla mohlala o mong ho o mong. Batho ba tšoanang bao mosebetsi oa bona o amanang le likoloi ba fana ka moelelo o pharaletseng haholoanyane tabeng ena:

• mofuta oa 'mele;
• sehlopha sa koloi;
• mofuta oa enjene - enjene, carburetor, diesel, sekoti se le seng kapa tse peli, lebasetere, koloi ea motlakase;
• phetiso - mechanics, othomathike, variator, robotic, preselective (habeli clutch).

Haeba u sebetsa, mohlala, k'hamphaning e rekisang likarolo tse ling kapa lebenkeleng la likoloi, joale ho ea ka tlhaloso ea mosebetsi, u tlameha feela ho ba le tsebo e pharaletseng ea:

• tseba ka ho feletseng mefuta e fapaneng ea mohlala oa automaker e itseng - ke hore, ba tlameha ho tseba hore na phapang ke efe pakeng tsa lienjineri tse fapaneng, mohlala VAZ-2104 - VAZ-21073, VAZ-21067, molumo oa bona, mafura, likarolo;
• likarolo tsa tekheniki tsa likarolo tse fapaneng;
• moralo le likarolo tsa sesebelisoa.

Haeba u kile ua tlameha ho reka likarolo tse setseng, joale ua tseba hore ho lekane hore setsebi se hloahloa se bontše karolo e le 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe e setseng - silinda e sebetsang ea brake, gear ea bobeli, shaft e kholo kapa e bohareng ea lebokose la gear, cable ea clutch. , ho fana ka tokollo, disk ea feredo - o tla li reha ntle le mathata leha e le afe, a bolelle hore na koloi e tsoa hokae, 'me ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, e tla u bolella hantle hore na ke eng. Hape o tla khetha habonolo karolo eo u e hlokang ho tsoa lethathamong la libuka - ho tloha ka lesale la rabara e tiisang kapa cuff, ho ea kopanong ea barekisi kapa ka morao ea lebokose la li-gear.

Ho hlakile hore tsebo e joalo e tla feela ka phihlelo. Re tla leka ho fana ka likhothaletso tsa mantlha webosaeteng ea rona ea Vodi.su.

Likhopolo tsa mantlha

Koloi efe kapa efe e na le litsamaiso tse supileng tse kholo:

• enjene;
• phetiso;
• tsamaisoa;
• chassis kapa ho fanyeha;
• tsamaiso ea brake;
• 'mele;
• thepa ea motlakase.

'Mele - lihlopha le mefuta

Ntho ea pele eo re e bonang ha re khahloa ke sena kapa koloi ke 'mele. Re se re buile haholo ka taba ena webosaeteng ea rona, kahoo re tla pheta.

Mefuta ea 'mele:

• palo e le 'ngoe - li-minivans (enjene, ka hare, kutu li kopantsoe mohahong o le mong oa sebaka);
• li-volume tse peli - hatchback, kariki ea seteishene, SUV, crossover;
• li-volume tse tharo - sedan, limousine, roadster, pickup.

Hape, sehlopha sa koloi se itšetlehile ka bolelele ba 'mele - ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho khetholla, e tloaelehileng haholo ke ea Europe:

• "A" - li-hatchbacks tse kopanetsoeng, tse kang Chevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
• "B" - likoloi tse nyenyane - VAZs kaofela, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
• "C" - sehlopha sa bohareng - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Hantle, joalo-joalo - ho websaeteng ea rona Vodi.su ho na le sehlooho moo lihlopha li hlalositsoeng ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane.

Bahlahisi ka bomong ba boetse ba na le mefuta ea bona ea lihlopha, mohlala, BMW, Audi, kapa Mercedes. Ho lekane ho ea webosaeteng ea semmuso ho fumana phapang:

• Mercedes A-sehlopha - sehlopha se senyenyane ka ho fetisisa, se lumellana le sehlopha sa B ho ea ka lihlopha tsa Europe;
• B-sehlopha - e lumellana le C-sehlopha;
• C-class (Comfort-Klasse);
• CLA - sehlopha sa compact botumo bo bobebe;
• G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs le sehlopha sa SUV.

Ho bonolo ho utloisisa karohano ea Audi:

• A1-A8 - li-hatchbacks, likariki tsa seteishene tse nang le bolelele bo fapaneng ba 'mele;
• Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, crossovers;
• TT - li-roadsters, coupes;
• R8 - likoloi tsa lipapali;
• RS - "liphetolelo tse lefshoang" tse nang le litšobotsi tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa tekheniki.

BMW e na le lihlopha tse tšoanang:

• Letoto la 1-7 - likoloi tsa bapalami tse kang hatchback, seteishene sa koloi, sedan;
• X1, X3-X6 - SUVs, crossovers;
• Z4 - li-roadsters, coupes, convertibles;
• M-series - "charged" liphetolelo.

Bakeng sa bareki ba bangata, haholo-holo basali, ke mofuta oa 'mele o bohlokoa haholo. Leha ho le joalo, mosebetsi oa 'mele ke sekoaelo feela,' me lintlha ke tsona tsa bohlokoahali. A re hlahlobeng tse ka sehloohong.

Enjene

Sehlooho se seholo, ha re bolele lintlha tse kholo:

• ka mofuta oa mafura - peterole, diesel, khase, khase-fuel, poone e nyalisitsoeng, likoloi tsa motlakase;
• ka palo ea li-cylinders - li-cylinder tse tharo kapa ho feta (mohlala, ho na le lienjineri tsa li-cylinders tse 8 le tse 16);
• ho ea ka sebaka sa li-cylinders - in-line (li-cylinders li ema ka tatellano), li hanyetsa (li-cylinders khahlanong le tse ling), li bōpehile ka V;
• ka sebaka se tlas'a hood - longitudinal, transverse.

Likoloi tse ngata tsa bapalami, lienjineri tsa 3-4-cylinder tsa in-line li sebelisoa ka longitudinal (haufi le axis of movement) kapa ho kenngoa ka tsela e fapaneng. Haeba re bua ka literaka kapa likoloi ka holimo ho sehlopha se tloaelehileng, joale matla a finyelloa ka ho eketsa li-cylinders.

Ho phaella moo, karolo ea bohlokoa ea enjene ke tsamaiso ea ho pholisa, e ka ba:

• metsi - ho pholile ho etsoa ka antifreeze, antifreeze, metsi a hlakileng;
• moea - mohlala o hlakileng oa "Zaporozhets", oo enjene e neng e le ka morao, 'me moea o ne o monya ka lebaka la fan, tsamaiso e tšoanang e sebelisoa ka lithuthuthu;
• ho kopantsoe - ho pholile ka antifreeze, fan e sebelisoa bakeng sa phallo e eketsehileng ea moea.

Hape lintlha tsa bohlokoa:

• tsamaiso ea ente - carburetor, injector;
• tsamaiso ea mollo - ho ikopanya (ho sebelisa distributor), bao e seng puisano (Hall sensor, switch), elektronike (mokhoa o laoloa ke sehlopha sa taolo);
• mochini oa kabo ea khase;
• tsamaiso ea lubrication joalo-joalo.

Tsamaiso

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa phetisetso ke ho fetisetsa torque ho tloha ho enjene ho ea ho mabili.

Lintlha tsa phetiso:

• clutch - e kopanya kapa e arola phetiso ho tsoa ho enjene;
• gearbox - khetho ea mokhoa oa ho khanna;
• cardan, phetisetso ea cardan - e fetisetsa nako ea ho sisinyeha ho axle ea koloi;
• phapang - kabo ea torque pakeng tsa mabili a axle drive.

Likoloi tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa clutch e omeletseng ea disk e le 'ngoe kapa habeli, e pentiloeng ka lebokose la li-gearbox kapa la robotic (semi-automatic, preselective), kapa torque converter - sistimi ea hydrostatic eo matla a enjine a tsamaisang phallo ea oli hore e tsamaee - phetiso ea othomathiki. kapa CVT (mofuta oa ho hlahloba).

Ke mofuta oa gearbox o bohlokoa ho ba bangata. Ho latela phihlelo ea rona, ha re re mechine ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa, kaha mokhanni ka boeena o khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng 'me kahoo o sebelisa mafura a fokolang. Ho phaella moo, phetiso ea letsoho e bonolo ebile e theko e tlaase ho e boloka. Automatic le CVT - haholo nolofatsa tshebetso ya ho khanna, empa haeba ba senya, joale lokisetsa chelete e ngata haholo.

Phetiso e boetse e kenyelletsa mohopolo o joalo ka mofuta oa drive:

• ka pele kapa ka morao - nako ea ho potoloha e oela holim'a axis e le 'ngoe;
• e tletse - lilepe ka bobeli li etella pele, leha ho le joalo, drive e ka ba ea sa feleng kapa ea plug-in.

Lebokose la ho fetisa le sebelisetsoa ho aba torque holim'a axle ea koloi. E kenngoa ka likoloi tse tsamaeang ka mabili, tse kang UAZ-469 kapa VAZ-2121 Niva.

Joalokaha u ka bona, koloi ke mochine o rarahaneng haholo. Leha ho le joalo, ho ba bangata, ho lekane ho khona ho e sebelisa le ho etsa ts'ebetso e bonolo, joalo ka ho fetola lebili. Tlhokomelo e molemo ka ho fetisisa e tlohetsoe ho litsebi.

Video: khetho ea sesebelisoa le koloi

Ho reka koloi e sebelisitsoeng - "bakeng sa li-dummies"

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