Enjine ea Opel Astra

1991 e bile selemo sa pele bakeng sa koloi e ncha ea Adam Opel OG. Qetellong ea hegemony ea lilemo tse mashome a mararo ea Opel Kadett E e ne e le letsatsi la tsoalo la naleli. Ke kamoo lebitso la motlatsi oa litloaelo, koloi ea Astra, le utloahalang kateng ha le fetoleloa ho tloha Selatine. Likoloi li ne li khethiloe ho qala ka lengolo F. Likoloi tsa pele li ile tsa tla 'marakeng oa Europe e le baemeli ba "sehlopha sa golf" se secha. Likoloi tsa letoto la J le K li ntse li hlahisoa lifekthering tsa General Motors ho fihlela kajeno.

1991 Astra Premiere hatchback

  Astra F - trendsetter ea feshene ea Europe

Matšoenyeho Adam Opel AG o tlisitse 'marakeng liphetoho tse' maloa tsa letoto la F. Mohlala, mofuta oa Caravan o ile oa hlahisoa e le kariki ea menyako e mehlano le "teraka" ea mamati a mararo. Ho feta moo, bareki ba ka khetha:

• sedan - mamati a 4;
• hatchback - 3 le 5 mamati.

Likoloi li fapane ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholo. Li-hatchback li ne li e-na le phaposi ea thoto ea lilithara tse 360. Koloi ea seteisheneng ea mofuta o tloaelehileng e ile ea nka mojaro o fihlang ho lilithara tse 500, 'me ka litulo tse ka morao li phuthiloe fatše - lilithara tse 1630. Bonolo, ts'ebetso le boiketlo - tsena ke litšoaneleho tse ka sehloohong tse ileng tsa hlokomeloa ke basebelisi bohle ba koloi e ncha ntle le mokhelo. Restyling ka 1994 e ile ea tlisa thepa e ncha bakeng sa mokhabiso oa ka hare ho sehlopha sa koloi. Ho ile ha kenngoa airbag holim'a kholomo ea tsamaiso.

Litekanyo tsa 'mele ea meralo e fapaneng Opel Astra

Khampani ha ea ka ea lebala barati ba mesebetsi ea ka ntle le lipapali. Bakeng sa bona, phetolelong ea GT ho ile ha kenngoa mefuta e 'meli ea li-engine tse 2-litre - 115 le 150 hp. Ka 1993, sebaka sena se ile sa tlatsetsoa ke koloi e bulehileng ea litulo tse 'ne ea sehlopha se fetohang. Tlhahiso ea eona e nyane e ile ea tšepeloa ke botsamaisi ba Jeremane ho k'hamphani e tsebahalang haholo ea likoloi ea Italy Bertone. Koloi e ile ea fumana tlatsetso ho tšoaea - khutsufatso ea GSI (Grand Sport Injection). Liphetolelo tse joalo tse "tefisitsoeng" li ile tsa tlohela mekhoa ea kopano ea lifeme UK, Amerika Boroa, Australia, India, Poland, Afrika Boroa, Chaena ho fihlela 2000. Linakong tse 'ne tse latelang, likoloi tsa F Series tse tsoang Poland li ile tsa rekisetsoa linaha tsa kampo ea mehleng ea bososhiale le Turkey.

Lekholong le lecha la lilemo - tlasa lengolo la G

Moloko oa bobeli oa koloi e tummeng o ile oa fumana lengolo le latelang la alfabeta ea Selatine. Joalo ka mofuta oa pele, Astra G e hlahisitsoe linaheng tse ngata ho pota lefatše. Australia, label ea Holden e ntlafalitsoe ka litlhaku TS. Phetolelo ea Brithani e ile ea tsejoa e le Vauxhall Mk4. Opel Astra G o ile a fihla linaheng tsa USSR ea mehleng:

• Russia - Chevrolet Viva.
• Ukraine - Astra Classic.

Liphetoho tsa letoto la G li fumane mefuta e 'meli ea phetisetso - phetiso ea othomathike ea 4-speed Japanese le buka ea 5-speed manual e nang le hydraulic drive. Lintlha tse ling tsa moralo oa sebopeho:

• anti-lock braking system (ABS);
• ho emisoa - ka pele ho McFerson, semi-ikemetseng beam - ka morao;
• mariki a disc.

Ntho e ncha e ne e le ho kenya mochine o thibelang ho thella.

E matla e fetolehang Astra G OPS bakeng sa ho potoloha Europe

Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lethathamong lena e ne e le OPC GSI hatchback e nang le enjene ea tlhaho ea 160 hp (1999). Lilemo tse tharo hamorao, tlas'a khutsufatso ena, likoloi tsa meralo e meng li ile tsa qala ho hlaha - li-coupe, likoloi tsa seteishene, li-convertibles. E qetellang e ile ea e-ba ntho ea sebele 'marakeng oa Europe. E na le enjene ea turbocharged e nang le matla a 192-200 hp. le molumo oa lilithara tse 2,0. o ne a shebahala jwaloka setshosa sa sebele.

Astra H - pele ho Serussia

Ka 2004, ho ile ha hlophisoa tlhahiso ea phetoho ea letoto la boraro la likoloi tsa Astra Russia. Kopano ea likoloi ea SKD e ile ea etsoa ke khoebo ea Kaliningrad "Avtotor" ka lilemo tse hlano. 2008 e bile selemo sa pele bakeng sa tlhahiso e felletseng ea mofuta oa Opel. Sepalangoang sena se ne se le motsaneng oa Shushary, Seterekeng sa Leningrad. Nakoana hamorao, kopano e ile ea hlophisoa bocha ka ho feletseng bakeng sa Kaliningrad.

Letoto la H le fetohile qalo ea likoloi tsa Astra tsa sebopeho se secha - li-sedans. Ba ile ba nkela sebaka sa Vectra B. Ka mor'a hore ho be le lekhetlo la pele la Istanbul ka 2004, koloi e ncha e ile ea hlahisoa Jeremane, Ireland, Mexico le Brazil (Chevrolet Vectra hatchback ea 4). Moleng oa letoto ho ne ho boetse ho e-na le mehlala ea 'mele le likoloi tsa seteishene. Ea ho qetela e ile ea e-ba motheo oa pōpo ka 2009 ea Astra TwinTop coupe-cabriolet. Russia, mehlala ena e ile ea hlahisoa ho fihlela ka 2014 e le Astra Family.

Motsamaisi oa semela sa Kaliningrad "Avtotor"

Leha ho le joalo, moralo oa hatchback o ile oa lula o tsebahala haholo. Phetolelong ea mamati a mahlano, e nang le enjene ea 1,6-litha e nang le matla a 115 hp, koloi e ne e na le melemo e mengata:

• airbags bakeng sa bapalami ba bane;
• lifensetere tsa motlakase tse ka morao;
• tsamaiso ea ho futhumatsa setulo;
• taolo ea maemo a leholimo;
• khamera e ka morao.

E kopantsoe le sistimi ea stereo ea CD/mp3 le lebokose la li-gearbox tse lebelo tse tšeletseng liphetolelong tsa pele, koloi e ne e shebahala e le ntle haholo.

Baemeli ba matla ka ho fetesisa ba letoto la H ke likoloi tse bokelletsoeng ka har'a tlhophiso ea Active le Cosmo ka li-transmission tsa othomathiki le lienjineri tsa turbocharged:

• 1,6-litha e le nngwe 170 hp;
• 1,4-litha e le nngwe 140 hp

Sethala se secha sa letoto le lecha

Ka 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, Opel e ile ea hlahisa sethala se secha sa komporo, Delta II, 'marakeng oa machaba oa likoloi. Likarolo tsa koloi e ncha li ne li lumellana haholo le liqeto tsa moralo oa bangoli ba mohopolo oa Insigna. Semela sa pele moo likoloi tsa letoto la H li qalileng ho bokelloa ka botlalo e ne e le Vauxhall seterekeng sa Senyesemane sa Cheshire.

Taba e qabolang ho tsoa nalaneng ea letoto lena ke ho hana ha batsamaisi ba Opel ho sebelisa tlhaku I ke latela H ho alfabeta ea Selatine.

Bongoli ba mohopolo oa mohlala ke oa sehlopha sa Opel Design Center (Rüsselheim, Jeremane). Kakaretso ea nako ea ho hloekisa ea moetso oa mohopolo kotopong ea moea e feta lihora tse 600. Baqapi ba entse liphetoho tse kholo ponahalong ea setso ea hatchback:

• wheelbase e atolosoa ka 71 mm;
• sebaka se eketsehileng sa pina.

Chassis e entsoe ho latela moralo oa mechatronic. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ho khonehe ho kopanya mechine le "bohlale" tsamaiso ea elektronike ea likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa koloi, tse kang ho emisoa ha FlexRide. Mokhanni a ka ikemela ho fetola mefuta e meraro ea ho emisa (Standart, Sport kapa Tour) ho lumellana le mokhoa oa hae oa ho khanna.

Setšoantšo sa ho emisoa ha pele le ka morao ha li-hatchbacks tsa J-Series

Ntle le liphetoho tsa phetoho tsamaisong ea taolo, sehlopha sa meralo se file bareki lintho tse ling tse ncha tse monate:

• tsamaiso ea kajeno ea mabone a ka hare le litulo tsa ergonomic;
• mabone a bi-xenon a moloko o mocha oa AFL +.

Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho kenya k'hamera bakeng sa pono ea pele ea Opel Eye mefuteng eohle ea letoto le lecha. E khona ho lemoha matšoao a tsela e behiloeng haufi le tsela le ho lemosa ka ho kheloha ho tloha tseleng e nepahetseng ea ho tsamaea.

Astra K - koloi ea bokamoso

Setho sa morao-rao sa lelapa la Astra la likoloi tsa Opel ke K-Series hatchback. Likhoeli tse 2015 hamorao, koloi ea pele e ile ea fumana moreki oa eona:

• UK - joalo ka Vauxhall Astra;
• Chaena - tlas'a letšoao la Buick Verano;
• k'honthinenteng ea bohlano e nang le label ea Holden Astra.

Moralo oa koloi o fetohile oa sejoale-joale ho feta ha o bapisoa le liphetoho tse fetileng. E na le tsebo ea morao-rao lefapheng la theknoloji ea likoloi. Ho phaella ho hatchback ea menyako e 5, ho boetse ho na le seteishene sa seteishene sa mabili a ka pele. Lintho tse ncha li bokelloa lifekthering tse peli - ho Gliwice ea Poland le Elzmirport, Foggy Albion. Lebitso la sethala sa semmuso ke D2XX. Har'a likoloi tsa sehlopha sa kolofo, tseo hona joale li tsebahalang haholo e le C-class, Astra K e ka soasoa kapa ka botebo e bitsoa "quantum leap".

Salon Opel Astra K

Bakhanni ba fuoa likhetho tse ka tlase ho 18 tse fapaneng tsa ho lokisa litulo. Ha ho hlokahale hore re bue, AGR e netefalitsoe. Ntle le moo:

• automatic Opel Eye bakeng sa ho latedisa matshwao a tsela;
• taolo ea libaka tse shoeleng;
• mokhoa oa ho khutlisetsa koloi tseleng ea eona ha e tšela tsela;

Phetolelong ea "mechanics", molumo oa enjene ea 3-cylinder e nang le matla a 105 hp. ke litara e le 1 feela, 'me lebelo la autobahn le ka tlase ho 200 km / h. Bakeng sa phetisetso ea othomathike ea lebelo le tšeletseng, ho sebelisoa 4-cylinder 1,6 litre. enjene (136 hp).

Lisebelisoa tsa motlakase bakeng sa Opel Astra

Mohlala ona oa automaker ea tummeng oa Jeremane ke 'mampoli ea phethahetseng har'a barab'abo bona ho latela palo ea lienjineri tse kentsoeng liphetohong tse fapaneng. Bakeng sa meloko e mehlano, ho ne ho e-na le tse 58 tsa tsona:

Ho tshwaya	Bolumo, l.	Tšoaea	Bolumo,	Matla a phahameng, kW / hp	Sisteme ea matla
cm, 3
A13DTE	1.2	disele turbocharged	1248	70/95	Terene e Tloaelehileng
A14NEL	1.4	peterole ea turbocharged	1364	88/120	ente e ajoang
A14NET	1.4	-: -	1364	101 / 138, 103 / 140	DOHC, DCVCP
A14XEL	1.4	peterole	1398	64/87	ente e ajoang
A14XER	1.4	-: -	1398	74/100	DOHC
A16 BONOLO	1.6	peterole ea turbocharged	1598	132/180	ente e tobileng
A16XER	1.6	peterole	1598	85 / 115, 103 / 140	ente e ajoang
A16XHT	1.6	-: -	1598	125/170	ente e tobileng
A17DTJ	1.7	disele	1686	81/110	Terene e Tloaelehileng
A17DTR	1.7	-: -	1686	92/125	-: -
A20DTH	2	-: -	1956	118/160, 120/163, 121/165	-: -
A20DTR	2	disele turbocharged	1956	143/195	-: -
B16DTH	1.7	-: -	1686	100/136	-: -
B16DTL	1.6	-: -	1598	81/100	-: -
C14NZ	1.4	peterole	1389	66/90	ente e le 'ngoe, SOHC
C14 SE	1.4	-: -	1389	60/82	ente ea koung, SOHC
C18 XEL	1.8	-: -	1799	85/115	-: -
C20XE	2	-: -	1998	110/150	-: -
X14NZ	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	-: -
X14XE	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	ente e ajoang
X16SZ	1.6	-: -	1598	52 / 71, 55 / 75	ente e le 'ngoe, SOHC
X16SZR	1.6	-: -	1598	55 / 75, 63 / 85	ente e le 'ngoe, SOHC
X16XEL	1.6	-: -	1598	74 / 100, 74 / 101	ente e ajoang
X17DT	1.7	peterole ea turbocharged	1686	60/82	SOHC
X17DTL	1.7	disele turbocharged	1700	50/68	-: -
X18XE	1.8	peterole	1799	85/115	ente e ajoang
X18XE1	1.8	-: -	1796	85/115, 85/116, 92/125	-: -
X20DTL	2	disele turbocharged	1995	60/82	Terene e Tloaelehileng
X20XER	2	peterole	1998	118/160	ente e ajoang
Y17DT	1.7	disele turbocharged	1686	55/75	Terene e Tloaelehileng
Y20DTH	2	-: -	1995	74/100	-: -
Y20DTL	2	-: -	1995	60/82	-: -
Y22DTR	2.2	-: -	2172	88 / 120, 92 / 125	-: -
Z12XE	1.2	peterole	1199	55/75	ente e ajoang
Z13DTH	1.3	disele turbocharged	1248	66/90	Terene e Tloaelehileng
Z14XEL	1.4	peterole	1364	55/75	ente e ajoang
Z14XEP	1.4	-: -	1364	64 / 87, 66 / 90	-: -
HO TLOHA LILEMONG TSE 16	1.6	peterole ea turbocharged	1598	132/180	-: -
Z16SE	1.6	peterole	1598	62 / 84, 63 / 85	-: -
Z16XE	1.6	-: -	1598	74 / 100, 74 / 101	-: -
Z16XE1	1.6	-: -	1598	77/105	-: -
Z16XEP	1.6	-: -	1598	74/100, 76/103, 77/105	-: -
Z16XER	1.6	-: -	1598	85/115	-: -
Z16YNG	1.6	khase	1598	71/97	-: -
Z17DTH	1.7	disele turbocharged	1686	74/100	Terene e Tloaelehileng
Z17DTL	1.7	-: -	1686	59/80	-: -
Z18XE	1.8	peterole	1796	90 / 122, 92 / 125	ente e ajoang
Z18XEL	1.8	-: -	1796	85/116	-: -
Z18XER	1.8	-: -	1796	103/140	-: -
Z19DT	1.9	disele turbocharged	1910	88/120	Terene e Tloaelehileng
Z19DTH	1.9	-: -	1910	88 / 120, 110 / 150	-: -
Z19DTJ	1.9	-: -	1910	88/120	-: -
Z19DTL	1.9	-: -	1910	74 / 100, 88 / 120	-: -
Z20LEL	2	peterole ea turbocharged	1998	125/170	ente e ajoang
Z20LER	2	peterole ea sepakapaka	1998	125/170	ente e tobileng ea koung ea ente
peterole ea turbocharged	1998	147/200
HO TLOHA LILEMONG TSE 20	2	peterole ea turbocharged	1998	140/190, 141/192, 147/200	ente e ajoang
Z22SE	2.2	peterole	2198	108/147	ente e tobileng

Li-motor tse peli tse tsoang moleng oohle li hlolla ho feta tse ling. Ke Z20LER ea lilithara tse peli feela e ileng ea lokolloa ka tlas'a label e tšoanang ka mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng:

• sepakapaka, se nang le ente e tobileng ea mafura, 170 hp
• ente e matla e makholo a mabeli, e nang le turbocharger.

Z16YNG ke eona feela enjene ea khase ea tlhaho bakeng sa Opel Astra.

Enjene e tsebahalang haholo bakeng sa Opel Astra

Ho bonolo haholo ho khetha enjene, eo hangata ho feta tse ling e ileng ea fetoha motheo oa setsi sa motlakase ho likoloi tsa Opel Astra. Ena ke enjene ea peterole ea 1,6-lithara ea letoto la Z16. Liphetoho tse hlano tsa eona li ile tsa lokolloa (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Kaofela ha bona ba ne ba e-na le molumo o tšoanang - 1598 cubic centimeters. Sistimi ea phepelo ea matla a enjene, ente e ne e sebelisoa ho fana ka mafura - yuniti e ajoang ea taolo ea ente.

Enjene ea Z16XE

Enjene ena ea 101 hp ka 2000, e ile ea e-ba mohlahlami oa enjene ea X16XEL, e ileng ea kenngoa mefuteng e sa tšoaneng ea Opel. E 'nile ea sebelisoa ka lilemo tse hlano ho Astra G. Ea likarolo tsa moralo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa boteng ba tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ea Multec-S (F), taolo ea throttle ea elektronike. Li-sensor tsa oksijene li kentsoe mahlakoreng ka bobeli a li-catalyst.

Ho sa tsotellehe botumo ba eona bo boholo, ts'ebetso ea eona e ne e se ntle le mathata. Tse ka sehloohong li kenyelletsa:

• tšebeliso ea oli e eketsehileng;
• mokokotlo oa likarolo tse ntseng li bokellana.

Ho thusa bakhanni ba nang le mathata ka ts'ebetso ea enjene, bahlahisi ba kentse sistimi ea ho itlhahloba ea EOBD. Ka thuso ea eona, o ka fumana sesosa sa ho se sebetse hantle ha enjene kapele haholo.

Khetho e nepahetseng ea enjene ha u reka Astra

Mokhoa oa ho khetha motsoako o nepahetseng oa mohaho oa koloi le mochine oa matla o lula o tsamaea le menahano e bohloko, ho ithuta ka nako e telele ea lisebelisoa le, qetellong, ho itlhahloba. Ho makatsang ke hore ka mefuta e mengata ea lienjineri tsa Ecotec, ha ho thata ho khetha sebopeho se nepahetseng sa mochini oa matla bakeng sa Opel Astra. Litlhahlobo tse tharo tse holimo tse fapaneng le litekanyetso tsa lilemo tsa morao tjena li kenyelelitse peterole ea turbocharged A14NET. Phallo ea enjene - 1364 cm3, matla - 1490 hp. lebelo le phahameng - 202 km / h.

Enjene ea Ecotec A14NET ea Turbocharged

Turbocharger e thusa enjene hore e sebetsane ka katleho le ho khanna litseleng tsa mathata leha e le afe le tlhophiso. Ha e bapisoa le enjene efe kapa efe ea litha e le 'ngoe, e shebahala e itšepa haholoanyane. Hoa makatsa hore ebe moqapi o kentse turbine holim'a enjene ea molumo o monyenyane joalo. Empa ba ile ba e hakanya ka ho feletseng, kaha enjene e ile ea atleha haholo. Ka mor'a ho qala ho bapala ka 2010, hang-hang o ile a kena letotong la mefuta e mengata ea likoloi tsa Opel - Astra J le GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.

Ntho e ntle e fumanoeng e bile ho kenngoa ha ketane ea nako. E shebahala e tšepahala haholo ho feta lebanta. Ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha li-hydraulic lifters, tlhokahalo ea ho fetola valve kamehla e ile ea felisoa. Ho fetola nako ea valve ho laoloa ke tsamaiso ea DCVCP. Turbine A14NET e na le likarolo tse tharo tse ikhethang:

• tšepahala;
• phaello;
• tse nyane.

"Cons" e kenyelletsa khetho e ikhethang ea yuniti ho boleng ba oli e tšeloang.

Enjene ha ea lokela ho tlala haholo ha e ntse e khanna. Ha e etselitsoe ho sutumelletsa lebelo le holimo le ho fihlela lebelo le holimo, joalo ka A16XHT, kapa A16LET. Khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho khanna ke ho khanna ka chelete e ngata ka lebelo le mahareng. Tšebeliso ea mafura e ke ke ea feta lilithara tse 5,5. tseleng e kholo, le lilithara tse 9,0. tseleng ya motse. Ho ipapisitsoe le litlhoko tsohle tse boletsoeng tsa moetsi, enjene ena e tla etsa hore mokhanni a be le mathata a fokolang.

opel astra h tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane, liso tse ka sehloohong