ke eng, li fapane joang le ho li khetholla joang?
Likoloi tsohle tsa sejoale-joale tse tlang ho rona ho tsoa Europe, USA, Japan le Korea li na le filthara ea likaroloana le converter ea catalytic. Hore na ke eng, re kile ra bua ho portal ea rona ea Vodi.su. A re ke re hopoleng ka bokhutšoane feela hore tšebeliso ea likarolo tsena tsa tsamaiso ea khase ea ho qeta e u lumella ho hloekisa ka ho fetisisa mesi e tsoang ho moferefere ho tsoa lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale le soot.
Litaelong tsa likoloi tse joalo, u ka bala hore ke peterole e se nang lead feela ea bonyane A-92 kapa A-95 e lokelang ho tlatsoa e le mafura. Empa bakhanni ba bangata ha ba na bokhoni tabeng ena. Peterole e se nang loto e ka khetholloa joang ho peterole e nang le loto? Liphapang ke life pakeng tsa tsona? Re tla leka ho fana ka likarabo tsa lipotso tsena.
peterole e etellang pele
Ho eketsa palo ea octane ea mafura qalong ea indasteri ea likoloi, e mong oa litsebi tsa k'hemistri o ile a hakanya ho kopanya peterole le li-additives tse khethehileng. Haholo-holo ka tetraethyl lead. Joalokaha lebitso lena le bolela, motsoako ona o na le loto. Metsoako ea loto e chefo haholo, e chefo sepakapakeng, ’me batho ka bobona ba utloa bohloko pele ho tsohle.
Haeba u phefumoloha ka mouoane, joale liphello tse ke keng tsa qojoa li letetse motho:
- hlooho ea hlooho;
- ho ikutloa hampe;
- ho holofala ha tsamaiso ea ho hema;
- lefu.
Ho phaella moo, loto e lula mobung, makhasi, hammoho le metsi a litšila a kena linōkeng le matšeng 'me a tsoela pele ho latela ketane ea potoloho ea metsi ka tlhaho.
Mafura a nang le tetraethyl lead a kotsi ho litsamaiso tsohle tsa likoloi. Ntlha ea pele, e phatloha ka tekanyo e tlaase ea khatello le mocheso o tlaase. Ka hona, haeba u e tšela ka koloing ea kantle ho naha, maqhubu a ts'oenyehileng a tsoang ho phatloha a tla senya ka boits'epo le ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng cylinder block, block head le marako a piston.
Taba ea bobeli, lead e tla lula maboteng a li-pores tsa converter ea catalytic. Ha nako e ntse e ea, catalyst e tla tlameha feela ho lahloa. Re ke ke ra u hopotsa hore na ho bitsa bokae ho e khutlisa. Ho boetse ho na le phello e mpe ho sensor ea Lambda, e laolang litaba tsa oksijene ka har'a mosi. Ka mantsoe a mang, koloi e tsoang linaheng tse ling ka mafura a joalo ha e time nako e telele. Ntlha ea boraro, ka lebaka la eona, li-nozzles tsa ente li potlakela ho koaloa, 'me sebopeho se bofubelu bo bofubelu bo hlahisa li-spark plugs.
Peterole e se nang loto
Peterole e se nang loto ke eng? Ha e le hantle, Phapang e le 'ngoe feela ke ho ba sieo ha loto ena ea tetraethyl ka sebopeho sa eona. Ka lebaka la khaello ea motsoako ona, mofuta ona oa mafura ha o sebetse hantle, empa mekhoa ea enjene ea likoloi tsa morao-rao e etselitsoe feela ho e sebelisa. Ho sebetsa hantle ha mollo le ho phatloha ho finyelloa ka tšebeliso ea li-additives tse thehiloeng ho joala le li-ester, tse se nang metsoako e kotsi joalo ea loto le litšepe tse ling.
Ehlile, ho chesoa ha mafura a se nang lead le hona ho hlahisa mesi e kotsi, empa bongata ba bona bo qetella bo le ka har'a converter ea catalytic le filthara ea diesel particulate. Ke hore, e na le botsoalle haholoanyane ho tlhaho. Hape, baetsi ba mafura ba lula ba ntlafatsa theknoloji ea ho e hloekisa ho tsoa litšila leha e le life. Kahoo, haeba u tšela mafura liteisheneng tsa peterole tse netefalitsoeng, moo li netefatsang mafura a boleng bo holimo, ha ua lokela ho tšoenyeha haholo ka enjene ea pere ea hau ea tšepe.
Mefuta ea peterole e se nang lead e tsebahala ho bakhanni bohle ba likoloi:
- A-80 - boleng bo tlaase ka ho fetisisa ba ho hloekisa, bo loketseng lisebelisoa tse khethehileng, literaka, likoloi tse entsoeng ke Soviet, mefuta e meng ea lithuthuthu tse nang le lienjini tsa mofuta oa carburetor;
- A-92 - e tšeloa ka har'a litanka tsa likoloi tse ngata tsa malapeng le tsa Chaena, tse loketseng likoloi tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse ileng tsa lokolloa lilemong tsa bo-1990;
- A-95 - mafura a khothalletsoang bakeng sa likoloi tse ngata tsa kantle ho naha tsa tekanyetso le karolo e tloaelehileng;
- A-98 - peterole ea maemo a holimo bakeng sa likoloi tse turang.
Ha e le hantle, ho na le mefuta e meng: A-72, A-76, Ai-91, Ai-93, Ai-96. Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea octane bakeng sa peterole e etellang pele e fihla ho A-110. A-100, A-98+, A-102 le ka holimo ke lihlahisoa tsa peterole ea mabelo, e tšeloang ka litankeng tsa likoloi tsa lipapali tse kang Ferrari, Lamborghini, Porsche, joalo-joalo.
Ka tsela, mafura a mabelo a sebelisitsoeng mabelong a Foromo ea 1 a ka etelletsoa pele kapa a sa lebelloa.
Na peterole e ka bonoa kapa ea nkha?
Pele ho tsohle, ho lokela ho boleloa hore Moscow le metseng e meholo ea Russia Federation peterole e nang le lead e thibetsoe 'me u ke ke ua e fumana marang-rang a liteishene tse tsebahalang tsa khase. Empa sebakeng se ka thōko, u ka kopana le motsoako oa bohata kapa o bolaeang oa mefuta e 'meli ea mafura.
Joang ho li khetholla?
Ho latela litekanyetso tsohle tse teng tsa Serussia le kantle ho naha, peterole e tloaelehileng ke mokelikeli o hlakileng, o se nang mebala. Kenya dae ea lamunu kapa e khubelu ho mafura a loto.. Hape, likahare tsa loto li ka bonoa ka monko. Ha re re feela - peterole e nang le loto e nkha hampe ebile ha e monate haholo.
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