Setsebi se thata se nang le tsebo e bonolo

Lekholong la 1st, lentsoe "moenjiniere" le ne le sebelisoa linaheng tse ling ho bolela sehahi sa thepa ea sesole. Moelelo oa lentsoe lena o fetohile ho theosa le makholo a lilemo. Kajeno, lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo, e utloisisoa ho feta leha e le neng pele nalaneng (XNUMX).

Ka katleho ea boenjiniere, re atisa ho utloisisa lintho tse ngata tse bōpiloeng ke batho, ho tloha ho liphiramide tsa Egepeta ea boholo-holo ho fihlela ho qaptjoa ha enjene ea mouoane, ho ea leetong la motho ho ea khoeling.

’me sechaba se ne se tla khaotsa ho sebetsa haeba ka mabaka a itseng se ne se se se sa sebelisoe. Haholo-holo, ke kamoo re atisang ho hlalosa ts'ebeliso ea tsebo ea mahlale, haholo tsebo ea 'mele, ea lik'hemik'hale le ea lipalo, ho rarolla mathata.

2. Buka ea Freeman Dyson "Breaking Universe".

Ka tloaelo, likarolo tse 'ne tse kholo tsa boenjiniere ke boenjiniere ba mechini, boenjiniere ba sechaba, boenjiniere ba motlakase le boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale. Pele, moenjiniere o ne a ikhethela thuto e le 'ngoe feela. Eaba oa fetoha ’me o lula a fetoha. Kajeno, esita le moenjiniere oa setso (ke hore eseng "software engineer" kapa "bioengineer") hangata o hlokeha ho ba le tsebo ea mekhoa ea mechine, ea motlakase le ea elektronike, hammoho le nts'etsopele ea software le boenjiniere ba polokeho.

Baenjenere ba sebetsa makaleng a fapaneng a kenyeletsang makoloi, tshireletso, sefofane, eneji ho kenyeletswa nyutlelie, oli le kgase, le eneji e ka ntjhafatswang e kang moya le letsatsi, hammoho le diindaseteri tsa bongaka, tsa ho paka, tsa dikhemikhale, tsa sebaka, tsa dijo, tsa elektroniki le tsa tshepe. lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tšepe.

Bukeng ea hae e bitsoang Disrupting the Universe (2), e hatisitsoeng ka 1981, setsebi sa fisiks Freeman Dyson se ile sa ngola: “Rasaense ea hloahloa ke motho ea nang le maikutlo a pele. Moenjiniere ea hloahloa ke motho ea qapang moralo o sebetsang ka mehopolo e fokolang ea mantlha kamoo ho ka khonehang. ” Baenjiniere ha se linaleli. Ba rala, ba lekola, ba nts'etsapele, ba leka, ba fetola, ba kenya, ba netefatsa le ho boloka mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa le litsamaiso. Ba boetse ba khothaletsa le ho hlalosa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso, ho laola tlhahiso le kaho, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ho hloleha, ho buisana le ho tataisa.

Ho tloha ho mechini ho isa ho tshireletso ya tikoloho

Lekala la boenjiniere hajoale le arotsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litsebo tse ikhethang. Mona ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa:

boenjineri ba mechini - sena ke, mohlala, moralo, tlhahiso, taolo le tlhokomelo ea mechine, lisebelisoa le likopano, hammoho le mekhoa ea ho laola le lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho shebella boemo ba bona le ts'ebetso ea bona. E sebetsana, ho kenyeletsoa likoloi, mechini, ho kenyeletsoa kaho le temo, ho kenya liindasteri le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa.

Boenjiniere ba motlakase - e akaretsa moralo, tlhahlobo, tlhahiso, kaho, liteko, taolo le netefatso ea lisebelisoa tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, mechini le litsamaiso. Litsamaiso tsena li fapana ka tekanyo, ho tloha ho li-circuits tse nyane ho isa ho litsamaiso tsa phepelo ea motlakase naheng ka bophara.

– moralo, kaho, tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo ea merero e meholo ea meralo ea motheo e kang litsela tse kholo, liporo, marokho, lithanele, matamo le boemafofane.

Boenjiniere ba Aerospace - ho qapa, ho etsa le ho etsa liteko tsa lifofane le lifofa-sebakeng, hammoho le likarolo le likaroloana tse kang liforeimi tsa moea, limela tsa motlakase, litsamaiso tsa taolo le tataiso, litsamaiso tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki, litsamaiso tsa puisano le tsa ho tsamaea.

Boenjiniere ba nyutlelie – moralo, tlhahiso, kaho, ts'ebetso le teko ea lisebelisoa, litsamaiso le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, taolo le ho lemoha mahlaseli a nyutlelie. Litsamaiso tsena li kenyelletsa li-accelerator tsa particle le li-reactor tsa nyutlelie bakeng sa limela le likepe tsa motlakase, le tlhahiso le lipatlisiso tsa radioisotopes.

mechine ea ho haha ke moralo, kaho le tlhokomelo ea meaho e jarang meroalo joalo ka meaho, marokho le meralo ea motheo ea indasteri.

 - tloaelo ea ho theha litsamaiso, lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ho tsa bongaka.

boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale ke mokhoa oa ho rala lisebelisoa, litsamaiso le mekhoa ea ho hloekisa thepa e tala le ho kopanya, ho kopanya le ho sebetsana le lik'hemik'hale ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa.

Boenjiniere ba k'homphieutha - tloaelo ea ho rala likarolo tsa lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha, lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha, marang-rang le software ea khomphutha.

boenjiniere ba indasteri - tloaelo ea ho rala le ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa, litsamaiso le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, ts'ebetso ea thepa le tikoloho efe kapa efe ea mosebetsi.

boenjiniere ba tikoloho - mokhoa oa ho thibela, ho fokotsa le ho felisa mehloli ea tšilafalo e amang moea, metsi le mobu. E boetse e lemoha le ho lekanya maemo a tshilafalo, e qolla mehlodi ya tshilafalo, e hlwekisa le ho lokisa ditsha tse silafetseng, le ho tiisa melao ya lehae le ya naha.

Hangata ho etsahala hore litsebo tsa motho ka mong li kopana haholo. Ka lebaka lena, baenjiniere ba tlameha ho ba le tsebo e akaretsang ea likarolo tse 'maloa tsa boenjiniere ho kenyelletsa tsebo ea bona. Mohlala, moenjiniere oa sechaba o tlameha ho utloisisa mehopolo ea moralo oa sebopeho, moenjiniere oa sefofane o tlameha ho sebelisa melaoana ea boenjineri ba mochini, 'me moenjiniere oa nyutlelie o tlameha ho ba le tsebo ea ho sebetsa ea boenjineri ba motlakase.

Baenjineri bohle, ho sa tsotelehe boits'oaro bo ikhethang, ba hloka tsebo e felletseng ea lipalo, fisiks le mahlale a khomphutha joalo ka mohlala oa khomphutha le moralo. Ka hona, kajeno mananeo a mangata a lipatlisiso tsa boenjiniere a na le lintlha tse tiileng tsa tsebo ho theheng le ts'ebelisong ea software ea komporo le hardware.

Moenjiniere ha a sebetse a le mong

Ntle le thuto e nepahetseng, tsebo le, joalo ka molao, litsebo tsa tekheniki, baenjiniere ba mehleng ea kajeno ba tlameha ho ba le mefuta e mengata ea litsebo tse bitsoang "bonolo". Ka kakaretso, litsebo tsena li mabapi le ho ikamahanya le maemo a mosebetsi le ho sebetsana le lihlopha tsa batho, ho sa tsotellehe mathata a macha le maemo a hlahang a "non-technical".

Ka mohlala, litšoaneleho tsa boetapele le bokhoni ba ho theha likamano tse nepahetseng li tla ba molemo ha moenjiniere a laola lihlopha tsa basebetsi. Mekhoa e hlophisitsoeng ea ho fihlela tumellano le batho ba nang le semelo sa tekheniki ha ea lekana. Hangata, o boetse o tlameha ho buisana le batho ba kantle ho indasteri, joalo ka bareki, 'me ka linako tse ling le sechaba ka kakaretso, batho ba se nang semelo sa tekheniki. Ke habohlokoa hore u fetole phihlelo ea hau ka mantsoe ao batho ba ka hare le ka ntle ho lefapha la hau ba ka utloisisang.

Ka lebaka la litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tekheniki, puisano hangata ke e 'ngoe ea litsebo tse bonolo tse batloang haholo. Ha ho mohla baenjiniere ba sebetsang ba le bang. Ba sebetsa le basebetsi ba bangata, baenjiniere le bona le batho ba kantle ho lefapha la bona, ho phethela merero ea bona. 'Me litsebo tsena tse "bonolo" li boetse li kenyelletsa litšobotsi tse kang tse bitsoang "Emotional Intelligence", tsebo ea ho fana le ho ruta, bokhoni ba ho hlalosa mathata a rarahaneng, bokhoni ba ho susumetsa, bokhoni ba ho buisana, mamello ea khatello ea kelello, taolo ea kotsi, moralo oa maano. le tsebo ea mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea merero.

Ena ke sehlopha sa litsebo tse "bonolo" tse fetang tse ling tse ngata "tse rarahaneng" tsa tsebo, empa hape li fetela ka nģ'ane ho tsebo e utloisisoang hantle ea moenjiniere. Ea morao-rao e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng, ho tloha lipuong tsa mananeo, tsebo ea lipalo-palo, ts'ebetso ea data, bokhoni ba ho rala mehlala, meaho, litsamaiso le taolo ea ts'ebetso.

Joalo ka litsebi tse ling tse hlokang tsebo ea ho tsamaisa merero, baenjiniere ba bang ba etsa kopo ea setifikeiti sa taolo ea morero, mohlala, ho latela mokhoa o tsebahalang oa PMI.

Matsatsing ana, boenjiniere bo bua haholo ka ho rarolla mathata le ho etsa lintho tse ngata.’me seo se bolela ho fumana litsela tse ncha tsa ho sebelisa tsebo e teng—mokhoa oa sebele oa boqapi. Boenjiniere bo ka kenyelletsa ntho ea boqapi.

Matsatsi a litsebi tse moqotetsane a fetile khale.

Daniel Cooley (3), motlatsi oa mopresidente le molaoli ea ka sehloohong oa maano a Silicon Labs, o supa phatlalatsong ea boralitaba hore moenjiniere ea kenang lilemong tse leshome tsa boraro tsa lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo o lokela ho "hlokomela" ka lintho tse ling tse seng kae tse holileng ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena.

Ea pele ke ho ithuta ka mochini le litlamorao tsa eona likarolong tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji (4). Ntlha ea bobeli eo Cooley a e supang ke mekhoa ea ts'ireletso ea tlhahisoleseding, eo baenjiniere ba morao-rao ba ke keng ba e nka habobebe. Litaba tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li hopola ke maemo le lihokelo tsa likarolo tse ling tsa theknoloji. Boenjiniere bo lokela ho lebala ka ho itšehla thajana 'me ba nahane ka boits'oaro ba bona bo arohane le ntho e ngoe le e ngoe.

Tlaleho ea American National Academy of Engineering (NAE), e nang le sehlooho se reng "Engineer of the Year 2020" e hlalosa lefats'e la boenjiniere ba mechine sebakeng se fetohang ka potlako moo tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e potlakileng le e tsitsitseng. Har’a tse ling, re bala ka maikutlo a hore libaka tse kang nanotechnology, biotechnology le high performance computing li tla kenya letsoho kholisong ea moruo nakong e tlang, e leng se bolelang hore karolo ea baenjiniere ba nang le phihlelo libakeng tsena e tla eketseha. Ha lefatše le ntse le hokahana le ho feta 'me le hokahane le batho ba bangata ba itšetlehileng ka bona, baenjiniere ba tla hloka ho nka mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha oa mekhoa e mengata. Litsebi tse ling tsa boenjiniere le tsona li tla ba le boikarabelo bo eketsehileng. Mohlala, baenjiniere ba sechaba ba tla ba le boikarabello bo bong ba ho theha tikoloho e tsitsitseng ha ba ntse ba ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo. Matsatsi a litsebi tse moqotetsane a felile, 'me mokhoa ona o tla teba feela - sena se bonahala tlalehong.