Ho khanna ka mabili ohle kamehla, ke hore, kakaretso ea litsamaiso tsa 4 × 4 drive
Lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng, koloi ea 4x4 e entse mosebetsi o motle haholo. O tlohile ho li-SUV ho ea ho likoloi tsa baeti. Bala tataiso ea rona ho li-axle drive ka bobeli.
Ho khanna ka mabili a mane, e khutsufalitsoeng joalo ka 4×4, ho amahanngoa haholo le likoloi tse kantle ho tsela. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho ntlafatsa traction, joalo-joalo. sebete se seng tseleng, i.e. bokhoni ba ho hlola litšitiso. Koloi ea 4x4 e phetha karolo e tšoanang koloing e tloaelehileng kapa SUV. Empa tabeng ena, ha re bue ka bokhoni bo betere ba ho tšela naha, empa ka ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho skidding, i.e. hape mabapi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.
Bona hape: Mefuta ea 4 × 4 discs - photo
Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore tlas'a lentsoe "drive 4 × 4" ho na le mefuta e mengata ea tharollo le mekhoa.
- Ho khanna 4 × 4 ho sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ka koloing ea khale e sa tsamaeeng, koloi e sa tsamaeeng le koloi e tloaelehileng ea bapalami, ho hlalosa Tomasz Budny, ea ratang likoloi tse kantle ho tsela le setaele se seng tseleng.
Botumo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba tharollo ena likoloing tsa baeti bo tsamaisoa haholo ke mefuta e 'meli: Subaru le Audi. Haholo-holo tabeng ea ho qetela, lebitso la quattro, tharollo ea mong'a moetsi oa Jeremane, le ipakile hantle.
- The quattro drive hona joale ke mofuta oa Audi. Ho itšetlehile ka mohlala, mekhoa e fapaneng ea theknoloji e sebelisoa. Hona joale, Audi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea bone e rekisoa ka phetolelo ea quattro, ho bolela Dr. Grzegorz Laskowski, hlooho ea koetliso ea Kulczyk Tradex, e leng moemeli oa Poland oa Audi.
plugable drive
Sistimi ea XNUMX-axle drive ke taba ea 'nete likoloing tse kantle ho tsela. Boholo ba likoloi tsena li na le li-auxiliary drive. Ke axle e le 'ngoe feela (hangata e ka morao) e tsamaisoang ka linako tsohle, 'me mokhanni o etsa qeto ea ho bulela koloi ho ea ka pele ha ho hlokahala.
Ho fihlela morao tjena, hoo e ka bang li-SUV tsohle li ne li e-na le lisebelisoa tse peli tsa ho laola ka kamoreng - e 'ngoe e na le lebokose la li-gear, e' ngoe e na le phapang e bohareng, e leng mosebetsi oa ho hokahanya koloi ho ea ho e 'ngoe. Li-SUV tsa sejoale-joale, leqhubu lena le nkiloe ke li-switches tse nyane, likonopo kapa likonopo tse kenyang 4×4 drive ka mokhoa oa elektroniki.
Bona hape: Turbo ka koloing - matla a mangata, empa mathata a mangata. Tataiso
Ho ntlafatsa ho hula, SUV e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e itlhomphang e boetse e na le lebokose la gear, ke hore. mochini o eketsang torque e fetisetsoang mabiling ka litšenyehelo tsa lebelo.
Qetellong, bakeng sa li-SUV tse boletsoeng ka ho fetesisa, likoloi tse nang le liphapang tse bohareng le linotlolo tsa li-axle ka bomong li reretsoe. Tsamaiso e joalo e ka fumanoa, ka mohlala, ho Jeep Wrangler.
- Mohlala ona o na le bokhoni ba ho sebelisa liphapang tse tharo tse fokolang tsa elektroniki - ka pele, bohareng le ka morao. Tharollo ena e fana ka karabelo e potlakileng ho maemo a fetohang a ho khanna le phetiso e eketsehileng ea torque, "ho hlalosa Krzysztof Klos, Setsebi sa Lihlahisoa Jeep Poland.
Ho sebelisoa plug-in front-wheel drive, haholo-holo, ho Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.
Automatic drive
Ho sa tsotellehe katleho e phahameng ea ho hlōla litšitiso, plug-in drive e na le mefokolo e itseng. Pele ho tsohle, e ke ke ea sebelisoa libakeng tse thata, ke hore, ntle le tsela. Taba ea bobeli, e boima ebile ha e tšoanelehe bakeng sa likoloi tse nyane. Baqapi ba ne ba tlameha ho batla ntho e 'ngoe hape.
Tharollo ke li-clutch tsa lipoleiti tse ngata: viscous, electromechanical kapa electromagnetic. Ba bapala karolo ea phapang ea setsi, 'me tšobotsi ea bona e tloaelehileng ke ho lekanya ka mokhoa o iketsang oa drive ho axle eo hajoale e e hlokang. Ka tloaelo ho tsamaisoa axle e le 'ngoe feela, empa ha lisensara tsa elektronike li bona ho thella ho axle ea koloi, torque e 'ngoe e fetisetsoa ho e 'ngoe.
Ho kopanya li-viscous
Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, ena e ne e le sistimi e tsebahalang haholo ea 4x4 likoloing tsa baeti le li-SUV tse ling. Melemo ke sebopeho se bonolo le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso.
Bona hape: Sistimi ea Brake - nako ea ho fetola lipache, li-discs le mokelikeli - tataiso
Sistimi e na le clutch ea li-multi-disc viscous e tlatsitsoeng ka oli e teteaneng. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho fetisetsa torque ka bo eona ho axle ea bobeli. Sena se etsahala feela ha ho na le phapang e kholo ka lebelo la ho potoloha ha mabili a ka pele le a ka morao. Bothata ba tharollo ena ke monyetla oa ho futhumala ha mochine.
Clutch ea motlakase
Electronics e bapala fiolo ea pele mona. Mookameli ea khethehileng o kenngoa tsamaisong ea koloi, mosebetsi oa eona ke ho laola clutch e thehiloeng ho data ea sensor e hlokomelang motsamao oa koloi.
Sistimi ena e ka mamella meroalo e meholo haholo ho feta ho kopanya viscous. Fiat le Suzuki (mefuta ea Fiat Sedici le Suzuki SX4) li tšehetsa tharollo ena.
Clutch ea motlakase
Tabeng ena, mochine oa li-multi-disk o sebetsa ho latela molao-motheo oa motlakase. E ka fetisetsa torque ho li-axles ho liperesente tse 50 ho isa ho liperesente tse 50. Sistimi e kentsoe tšebetsong ha ho na le phapang ea lebelo lipakeng tsa mabili a ka pele le a ka morao.
Mohlala oa sena ka mokhoa o rarahaneng ke sistimi ea BMW xDrive. Koloi e thusoa ke sistimi ea ESP le sistimi ea braking e ka notlelang li-axle ka bobeli.
Bothata ba li-clutches tsena ka bobeli - electromechanical le electromagnetic - ke moralo o rarahaneng, o eketsang litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, ka lebaka leo, theko ea koloi. Li tšoarella nako e telele, empa ha ho ka ba le ho senyeha, litšenyehelo tsa ho lokisa li bohlokoa.
Bona hape: xenon kapa halogen? Ke mabone afe ao u ka a khethang bakeng sa koloi - tataiso
Ntle le BMW, Fiat le Suzuki, koloi ea 4 × 4 e tsamaisa torque pakeng tsa li-axles, ho kenyelletsa le. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.
Haldex, Thorsen le 4Matic
Sistimi ea Haldex le Torsen ke nts'etsopele ea mohopolo oa ho ajoa ka bohona ha drive lipakeng tsa li-axles.
haldx
Moralo ona o qapiloe ke k'hamphani ea Sweden ea Haldex. Ho phaella ho clutch ea lipoleiti tse ngata, tsamaiso e pharaletseng ea hydraulic e sebelisoa ho fetisetsa matla pakeng tsa li-axles. Molemo oa tharollo ena ke monyetla oa ho sebelisana ha eona le enjene e fumanehang ka tsela e fapaneng. Ho phaella moo, e na le boima bo fokolang, empa ho thata ho e lokisa.
Haldex ke sistimi e ratoang haholo ea Volvo le Volkswagen.
litoropo
Mofuta ona oa koloi ea 4 × 4 e itšetlehile ka lebokose la li-gear le li-gear tse tharo tsa liboko, tse tsamaisang torque pakeng tsa li-axles. Ho khanna ho tloaelehileng, koloi e fetisetsoa ho li-axle ka karolelano ea 50/50 lekholong. Ha ho e-na le skid, mochine o ka fetisetsa ho 90% ea torque ho axle moo skid e sa hlaheng.
Thorsen ke sistimi e sebetsang hantle, empa e boetse e na le mathata. E ka sehloohong ke mohaho o rarahaneng le litšenyehelo tse batlang li le holimo tsa tlhahiso. Ke ka lebaka leo Torsen e ka fumanoang likoloing tsa maemo a holimo, ho kenyeletsoa. ho Alfa Romeo, Audi kapa Subaru.
Bona hape: Clutch - u ka qoba ho roala pele ho nako joang? Tataiso
Ka tsela, lentsoe Torsen le lokela ho hlakisoa. Ho fapana le tumelo e tloaelehileng, ha e tsoe ho fane, empa ke khutsufatso ea likarolo tsa pele tsa mantsoe a mabeli a Senyesemane: Torque le Sensing.
Hape ho bohlokoa ho bua ka sistimi ea 4Matic e sebelisoang ke Mercedes, e sebelisang mefuta e meraro e fapaneng. Ho khanna ho sa feleng ho li-axle ka bobeli ho ajoa ka karolo ea 40 lekholong. ka pele, karolo ea 60 lekholong e ka morao.
Hoa thahasellisa hore taba ea senotlolo sa ho fapana e ile ea rarolloa. Tsamaisong ena, karolo ea liloko e abeloa mariki. Haeba e 'ngoe ea mabili a qala ho thella, e robeha ka nakoana' me torque e eketsehileng e fetisetsoa mabiling ka ho tšoara hantle. Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e laoloa ka mokhoa oa elektronike.
Molemo oa tsamaiso ea 4Matic ke boima ba eona bo tlaase, kaha baqapi ba khonne ho felisa likarolo tse ngata tsa mechine. Leha ho le joalo, bothata ke theko e phahameng. Mercedes e sebelisa, har'a lintho tse ling, tsamaiso ea 4Matic. sehlopheng sa C, E, S, R le SUVs (sehlopha sa M, GLK, GL).
Wojciech Frölichowski
