Mefuta ea litsamaiso tsa brake: molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea drum le disc brakes

Brake system e etselitsoe ho laola lebelo la koloi, ho e emisa, le ho e tšoara nako e telele ka ho sebelisa braking force pakeng tsa lebili le tsela. Braking force e ka hlahisoa ke brake ea lebili, enjene ea koloi (e bitsoang enjene braking), mochini o thibelang metsi kapa oa motlakase phetisong.

Ho kenya tšebetsong mesebetsi ena, mefuta e latelang ea li-brake system e kentsoe koloing:

• Sistimi ea brake e sebetsang. E fana ka ho fokotseha ho laoloang le ho emisa koloi.
• Sistimi ea brake ea spare. E sebelisoa maemong a ho hloleha le ho se sebetse hantle ha sistimi e sebetsang. E etsa mesebetsi e tšoanang le ea sistimi e sebetsang. Sistimi ea brake ea spare e ka sebelisoa e le sistimi e ikhethileng e ikemetseng kapa e le karolo ea sistimi e sebetsang ea brake (e 'ngoe ea li-circuits tsa brake drive).
• Sistimi ea mariki ea ho paka. E etselitsoe ho tšoara koloi sebakeng ka nako e telele.

Sistimi ea braking ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa ho netefatsa polokeho e sebetsang ea koloi. Likoloi le literaka tse 'maloa, lisebelisoa le litsamaiso tse fapaneng li sebelisoa ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea braking le botsitso ba braking.

Mokhoa oa brake o sebetsang joang

Ha o hatella brake pedal, mojaro o fetisetsoa ho amplifier, e leng se etsang hore ho be le matla a eketsehileng holim'a cylinder e kholo ea brake. Brake master cylinder piston e pompa mokelikeli ka liphaephe ho ea ho lisilindara tsa mabili. Sena se eketsa khatello ea mokelikeli ka har'a brake actuator. Lipiston tsa li-cylinders li tsamaisa li-brake pads ho li-discs (meropa).

Khatello e eketsehileng holim'a pedal e eketsa khatello ea mokelikeli 'me mariki a sebetsa, e leng ho liehisang ho potoloha ha mabili le ponahalo ea matla a braking sebakeng sa ho kopana ha mabili le tsela. Ha ho sebelisoa matla a mangata ho brake pedal, mabili a potlaka ka potlako le ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholoanyane. Khatello ea metsi nakong ea braking e ka fihla ho 10-15 MPa.

Qetellong ea braking (ho lokolla brake pedal), pedal tlas'a tšusumetso ea selemo se khutlang e fallela sebakeng sa eona sa pele. Piston ea silindara ea brake e kholo e ea sebakeng sa eona sa mantlha. Likarolo tsa selemo li tlosa liphahlo ho tloha ho li-discs (meropa). Brake fluid e tsoang ka har'a lisilindara tsa lebili e kenngoa ka har'a liphaephe ho kena ka har'a moqomo o moholo oa mariki. Khatello ea tsamaiso ea theoha.

Mefuta ea litsamaiso tsa brake

Sisteme ea brake e kopanya mochini oa brake le brake drive. Mochine oa brake o etselitsoe ho theha torque ea braking e hlokahalang ho fokotsa lebelo le ho emisa koloi. Mechine ea friction brake e kentsoe likoloing, ts'ebetso ea eona e ipapisitseng le ts'ebeliso ea matla a khohlano. Mekhoa ea brake ea tsamaiso ea ho sebetsa e kenngoa ka ho toba ka lebili. Brake ea ho paka e ka ba ka morao ho lebokose la gear kapa mokotla oa phetisetso.

Ho itšetlehile ka moralo oa karolo ea khohlano, ho na le moropa le disk mekhoa ea brake.

Mochine oa brake o na le karolo e potolohang le e tsitsitseng. E le karolo e potolohang mochine oa moropa ho sebelisoa moropa oa brake, karolo e tsitsitseng - li-brake pads kapa lihlopha.

karolo e potolohang mochine oa disk e emeloang ke brake disc, e tsitsitseng - ka li-brake pads. Ka li-axle tse ka pele le tse ka morao tsa likoloi tsa kajeno tsa bapalami, e le molao, li-brake tsa disc li kenngoa.

Mariki a meropa a sebetsa jwang

Likarolo tse kholo tsa ka hare tsa drum brake ke:

1. Moropa oa brake. Ntho e entsoeng ka li-alloys tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka matla a phahameng. E behiloe holim'a hub kapa sefate sa tšehetso 'me ha e sebetse feela e le karolo e ka sehloohong ea ho ikopanya e sebetsanang ka ho toba le liphahlo, empa hape e le ntlo eo likarolo tse ling kaofela li kenngoa ho eona. Karolo e ka hare ea moqomo oa brake ke sebaka sa ho sebetsa hantle haholo.
2. Liphatlalatso. Ho fapana le li-disk brake pads, li-drum brake pads li na le sebopeho sa sedikadikwe. Karolo ea bona e ka ntle e na le seaparo se khethehileng sa asbestos. Haeba li-brake pads li kentsoe holim'a mabili a ka morao, joale e 'ngoe ea tsona e boetse e hokahane le lever ea ho paka.
3. Lithaba tsa tsitsipano. Lintho tsena li khomaretsoe likarolong tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase tsa liphahlo, ho li thibela ho tsamaea ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng ho sa sebetse.
4. Brake cylinders. Ena ke 'mele o khethehileng o entsoeng ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, mahlakoreng ka bobeli ao li-pistons tse sebetsang li kenngoa. Li sebelisoa ke khatello ea hydraulic e etsahalang ha mokhanni a hatella brake pedal. Likarolo tse ling tsa li-piston ke litiiso tsa rabara le valve ea ho tlosa moea o qabeletsoeng potolohong.
5. Diski e sireletsang. Karolo ke ntho e entsoeng ka hub eo li-cylinders le li-pads li kenngoeng ho tsona. Ho tiisa ha bona ho etsoa ka ho sebelisa li-clamps tse khethehileng.
6. Mochini oa ho iketsetsa pele. Motheo oa mochine ke lesela le khethehileng, le ntseng le teba ha li-brake pads li ntse li senyeha. Sepheo sa eona ke ho etsa bonnete ba ho hatella liphahlo ka holim'a moropa, ho sa tsotellehe ho apara ha libaka tsa bona tsa ho sebetsa.

**Likarolo tse thathamisitsoeng ke rona li amoheloa ka kakaretso. Li sebelisoa ke bahlahisi ba bangata ba ka sehloohong. Ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tse kentsoeng ka lekunutu ke lik'hamphani tse ling. Tse joalo, ka mohlala, ke mokhoa oa ho tlisa liphahlo, mefuta eohle ea li-spacers, joalo-joalo.

Kamoo e ea sebetsang: mokhanni, ha ho hlokahala, o hatella pedal, ho theha khatello e eketsehileng potolohong ea brake. Li-hydraulics li hatella li-cylinder pistons, tse tsamaisang li-brake pads. Ba "kheloha" ka mahlakoreng, ba otlolla liliba tse kopanyang, 'me ba fihla lintlheng tsa ho sebelisana le sebaka se sebetsang sa moropa. Ka lebaka la likhohlano tse hlahang tabeng ena, lebelo la ho potoloha ha mabili le fokotseha, 'me koloi e fokotseha. Algorithm e akaretsang ea ts'ebetso ea mariki a meropa e shebahala tjena. Ha ho na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa litsamaiso tse nang le piston e le 'ngoe le tse peli.

Melemo le likotsi tsa Drum Brake

har'a makhabane Sistimi ea meropa e ka khetholloa ka mokhoa o bonolo oa moralo, sebaka se seholo sa khokahano lipakeng tsa lipache le moqomo, theko e tlase, tlhahiso e tlase ea mocheso, le monyetla oa ho sebelisa brake fluid e nang le ntlha e tlase e belang. Hape, har'a lintlha tse ntle ke moralo o koetsoeng o sireletsang mochine ho tloha metsing le litšila.

Melemo ea drum brakes:

• karabelo e liehang;
• ho se tsitse ha tshebetso;
• moea o fokolang;
• tsamaiso e sebetsa ho senya, e fokotsang matla a lumelloang a khatello ea liphahlo maboteng a drum;
• ka braking khafetsa le mejaro e phahameng, deformation ea moropa ka lebaka la ho futhumatsa ho matla hoa khoneha.

Likoloi tsa sejoale-joale, mariki a meropa a sebelisoa hanyane le hanyane. Ha e le hantle li kenngoa ka mabili a ka morao ka mehlala ea tekanyetso. Tabeng ena, li boetse li sebelisoa ho kenya ts'ebetsong li-brake tsa ho paka.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka ho eketsa boholo ba drum, ho ka khoneha ho finyella keketseho ea matla a tsamaiso ea brake. Sena se ile sa etsa hore ho sebelisoe mariki a meropa ka bongata literakeng le libeseng.

Li-brake tsa disc li sebetsa joang

Mochine oa brake oa disc o na le "brake disc" e potolohang, lipampiri tse peli tse tsitsitseng tse kentsoeng ka har'a caliper mahlakoreng ka bobeli.

Tsamaisong ena, li-pads tse kentsoeng holim'a caliper li hatelloa ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli ho lifofane tsa brake disc, tse kenngoeng ho lebili la mabili ebe li potoloha le eona. Metal brake pads na le linings friction.

Caliper ke 'mele o entsoeng ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe kapa aluminium ka mokhoa oa bracket. Ka hare ho eona ho na le cylinder ea brake e nang le piston e hatellang li-pads khahlano le disc nakong ea braking.

Bracket (caliper) e ka phaphamala kapa ea tsitsisoa. Bracket e phaphametseng e ka tsamaea haufi le batataisi. O na le piston e le 'ngoe. Moqapi o tsitsitseng oa caliper o na le lipiston tse peli, e 'ngoe ka lehlakoreng le leng la disc. Mochine o joalo o khona ho hatella liphahlo khahlanong le "brake disc" ka matla haholoanyane 'me o sebelisoa haholo-holo mefuteng e matla.

Li-brake discs li entsoe ka tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, tšepe, k'habone le ceramic. Li-discs tsa tšepe ha li theko e tlase, li na le litšoaneleho tse ntle tsa likhohlano le khanyetso e phahameng haholo. Ka hona, li sebelisoa hangata.

Tšepe e sa hloekang e mamella liphetoho tsa mocheso hamolemo, empa thepa ea eona ea likhohlano e mpe le ho feta.

Li-discs tsa carbon tse bobebe li na le coefficient e phahameng ea khohlano le ho hanyetsa mocheso o babatsehang. Empa li hloka ho futhumatsa pele, 'me litšenyehelo tsa tsona li holimo haholo. Boholo ba li-disc tsa carbon brake ke likoloi tsa lipapali.

Li-ceramics li ka tlaase ho carbon fiber mabapi le coefficient ea likhohlano, empa e sebetsa hantle ka mocheso o phahameng, o na le matla a maholo le ho hanyetsa ho apara ka boima bo tlaase. Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba li-discs tse joalo ke litšenyehelo tse phahameng.

Melemo le bofokoli ba li-brake tsa disc

Melemo ea li-brake tsa disc:

• boima bo fokolang ha bo bapisoa le tsamaiso ea drum;
• bonolo ho hlahloba le tlhokomelo;
• ho pholile hantle ka lebaka la moralo o bulehileng;
• ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng sebakeng se pharaletseng sa mocheso.

Mathata a li-disk brakes:

• ho senya ho hoholo ha mocheso;
• tlhokahalo ea li-amplifiers tse eketsehileng ka lebaka la sebaka se lekanyelitsoeng sa puisano pakeng tsa li-pads le disk;
• ho apara li-pad ka potlako;
• litšenyehelo li phahame ho feta tsa tsamaiso ea meropa.