Babolai ba likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi. Ho fofa ha sefofane ho loants'a likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi Kriegsmarine karolo ea 3
Lisebelisoa tsa sesole

Babolai ba likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi. Ho fofa ha sefofane ho loants'a likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi Kriegsmarine karolo ea 3

28.07.2022 /

Escort sefofane se tsamaisang lifofane USS Guadalcanal (CVE-60). Ho na le 12 Avengers le Wildcats tse robong ka sekepeng.

Qetello ea U-Bootwaffe ka 1944-1945 e bonts'a ho theoha butle empa ho ke keng ha qojoa ha mabotho a hlometseng a Reich ea Boraro. Monyetla o moholo oa Linaha tsa Selekane sepakapakeng, leoatleng le ka mokhoa o khutsitseng qetellong o ile oa phahamisa sekala molemong oa bona. Ho sa tsotellehe katleho e ka thōko le ho hlahisoa ha litharollo tse ncha tsa theknoloji, likepe tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a metsi tsa Kriegsmarine li ile tsa khaotsa ho ba le tšusumetso leha e le efe ea ’nete ntoeng e tsoelang pele ’me, ka ho fetisisa, li ne li ka “fofela ka tlhompho” ho ea tlaase.

Taba ea ho theoha ha Lilekane tsa Selekane Norway kapa Fora e ne e bolela hore boholo ba sesole sa metsing sa Kriegsmarine se ile sa emisoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso. Atlantic, likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi, tse hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha tse qhalakaneng, li ne li lokela ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa khahlanong le mekoloko ea likoloi, empa ka tekanyo e nyenyane le karolong e ka bochabela feela, e le hore li ka hlasela likepe tse hlaselang kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ha ho e-ba le li-amphibious lunding. ho khoneha.

Ho tloha ka la 1 January, 1944, ho ne ho e-na le likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi tse 160 tse sebetsang: mefuta e 122 ea VIIB / C / D, mefuta e 31 ea IXB / C (ho sa bale libomo tse peli tsa VIIF torpedo le lihlopha tse tšeletseng tse nyenyane tsa II Leoatleng le Letšo), tse hlano "ka tlas'a metsi. cruisers" mofuta oa IXD2, mofuta o le mong oa morafo oa mofuta oa XB le sekepe se le seng sa thepa ea XIV (seo ho thoeng ke "khomo ea lebese"). Tse ling tse 181 li ne li ntse li hahuoa 'me tse 87 li le sethaleng sa koetliso ea basebetsi, empa likepe tse ncha li ne li sa lekana ho lefella tahlehelo ea hona joale. Ka January, likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a metsi tse 20 li ile tsa sebelisoa, empa tse 14 tsa lahleha; ka Hlakola, likepe tse 19 li ile tsa kena tšebeletsong, ha tse 23 li ile tsa tlosoa ’musong; ka March ho ne ho e-na le tse 19 le tse 24. Har’a likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a metsi tse 160 tseo Majeremane a ileng a kena ka tsona selemong sa bohlano sa ntoa, tse 128 li ne li le Atlantic, tse 19 Norway, ’me tse 13 li le Mediterranean. Likhoeling tse latelang, ka litaelo tsa Hitler, matla a lihlopha tse peli tsa ho qetela a ile a eketseha - ka litšenyehelo tsa likepe tsa Atlantic, tseo palo ea tsona e ileng ea fokotseha butle-butle.

Ka nako e tšoanang, Majeremane a ne a sebeletsa ho ntlafatsa thepa ea likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a metsi ho ntlafatsa menyetla ea tsona ea ho tobana le lifofane. Seo ho thoeng ke li-snorkel (li-snorkel) li ile tsa etsa hore ho khonehe ho monya moea ka har'a enjene ea diesel le ho ntša likhase tsa exhaust ha sekepe se ntse se tsamaea botebong ba periscope. Sesebelisoa sena sa khale sa thekenoloji, le hoja se ne se lumella maeto a malelele ka sekepe se sa tebang, se ne se e-na le mathata a tebileng. Lienjineri tse tukang ka hare, ka lebaka la lerata le phahameng, li ile tsa etsa hore ho be bonolo ho lemoha sekepe ka matšoao a lerata, hammoho le ka pono, ka lebaka la likhase tsa mosi tse phaphametseng ka holim'a metsi. Ka nako eo, sekepe se ne se le "sa utloeng litsebeng" (se sa khone ho sebelisa li-hydrophone) le "sefofu" (ho sisinyeha ho matla ho entse hore ho se ke ha khoneha ho sebelisa periscope). Ho phaella moo, "li-notches" tse hlahelletseng li siile letšoao le lenyenyane empa le lemohuoa holim'a metsi, 'me maemong a leholimo a matle (leoatle le boreleli) ho ne ho ka fumanoa radar ea DIA. Ho hobe le ho feta, ha ho ne ho e-na le moroallo oa "merumo" ka maqhubu a leoatle, sesebelisoa se ile sa koala ka ho toba moea o kenang, oo lienjene li ileng tsa qala ho o nka ka har'a sekepe, tse neng li sokela ho koala basebetsi. U-2 e ile ea e-ba sekepe sa pele se nang le linko ho ea letšolong la sesole (Pherekhong 539, ho tloha Lorient).

Lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa ntoa, sete e tloaelehileng ea lithunya tse khahlanong le sefofane bakeng sa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi e ne e e-na le lithunya tse peli tsa 20 mm le sethunya se le seng sa 37 mm. Majeremane a ne a se na lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa maqheka, kahoo lithunya tse ncha tsa 37 mm li ne li e-na le likarolo tse entsoeng ka thepa e neng e ka senyeha habonolo, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore sethunya se senyehe. Lisebelisoa tsa radar li ne li lula li ntlafatsoa, ​​​​tseo, ha li fihla holimo, li ileng tsa tsebisa sekepe hore se ntse se lateloa ke radar ea sefofaneng kapa sekepe se fofang. Sete ea FuMB-10 Borkum, e ileng ea nkela FuMB-9 Wanze sebaka (e tsoile tlhahiso qetellong ea 1943), e ile ea batlisisa ka mefuta e mengata, empa e ntse e le ka har'a maqhubu a mithara a hlahisoang ke lirada tsa khale tsa ASV Mk II. FuMB-7 Naxos e ipakile e sebetsa hantle haholo, e sebetsa sebakeng sa 8 ho isa ho 12 cm wavelength - ho fumana lirada tsa ASV Mk III tse ncha, 10 cm le VI (e sebelisa S-band).

Sesebelisoa se seng sa ho loants'a Sesole sa Moeeng sa Allied e ne e le simulator ea FuMT-2 Thetis. E rometsoe ka Pherekhong 1944, e ne e lokela ho etsisa sekepe se tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi se nang le molumo oa radar 'me kahoo se qholotse litlhaselo ho sepheo sena se inahaneloang. E ne e e-na le palo e bophahamo ba limithara tse 'maloa, eo li-antenna tsa dipole li neng li hokeletsoe ho tsona, li behiloe holim'a float e neng e tšoere lisebelisoa holim'a metsi. Majeremane a ne a tšepile hore "lits'oants'o" tsena, tse behiloeng ka bongata Koung ea Biscay, li tla ferekanya lifofane tsa lira.

Ka lehlakoreng la Europe la Atlantic, ntoa e khahlanong le likepe tsa metsing e ile ea tsoela pele ho ba boikarabelo ba British Coastal Command, eo, ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 1944, e neng e e-na le lihlopha tse latelang bakeng sa morero ona:

    • 15. Sehlopha: Nomoro ea 59 le 86 Squadrons RAF (Liberatory Mk V/IIIA) e Ballykelly, Ireland Leboea; No. 201 Squadron RAF le No. 422 le 423 Squadrons RCAF (Sunderland Mk III flying boats) at Archdale Castle, Northern Ireland;
    • 16. Sehlopha: 415 Squadron RCAF (Wellington Mk XIII) ho Bircham Newton, East Anglia; 547. Sqn RAF (Liberatory Mk V) Sehlekehlekeng sa Thorney, ka boroa ho Engelane;
    • 18. Sehlopha: No. 210 Squadron RAF (Flying Boats Catalina Mk IB/IV) le Norwegian No. 330 Squadron RAF (Sunderland Mk II/III) Sehlekehlekeng sa Sullom Vow, Shetland;
    • 19. Sehlopha: No. 10 Squadron RAAF (Sunderland Mk II/III) e Mount Batten, South West England; No. 228 Squadron RAF le No. 461 Squadron RAAF (Sunderland Mk III) e Pembroke Dock, Wales; Nomoro ea 172 le 612 Squadron RAF le 407 Squadron RCAF (Wellington Mk XII/XIV) e Chivenor, South West England; 224. Squadron RAF (Liberatory Mk V) e St. Petersburg. Eval, Cornwall; VB-103, -105 le -110 (US Navy Liberator Squadrons, 7th Naval Air Wing, e sebetsang tlas'a Coast Command) Dunkswell, South West England; No. 58 le 502 Squadrons RAF (Halifaxy Mk II) e St. Petersburg. Davids, Wales; No. 53 le Czech No. 311 Squadron RAF (Liberatory Mk V) e Beaulieu, ka boroa ho Engelane; Polish No. 304 Squadron RAF (Wellington Mk XIV) e Predannak, Cornwall.

No. 120 Squadron RAF (Liberatory Mk I/III/V) e eme Reykjavik, Iceland; ho Gibraltar 202 Squadron RAF (Cataliny Mk IB/IV) le 48 le 233 Squadron RAF (Hudsony Mk III/IIIA/VI); ho Langens, Azores, Nos. 206 le 220 Squadron RAF (Flying Fortresses Mk II/IIA), No. 233 Squadron RAF (Hudson Mk III/IIIA) le sehlopha sa No. 172 Squadron RAF (Wellington Mk XIV), le ho Algeria 500. Sqn RAF (Hudson Mk III/V le Ventury Mk V).

Ho feta moo, lihlopha tse nang le bahlabani ba Beaufighter le Mosquito, hammoho le lihlopha tse ngata tsa British Commonwealth tse sebetsang ka ntle ho Coastal Command, karolong e ka bochabela ea Mediterranean le lebōpong la Afrika, li kentse letsoho liketsong tse khahlanong le likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi. Lebōpo la Amerika le ne le lebeloa ke lihlopha tse ngata tsa lifofane tsa US Navy, Canada le Brazilian, empa ka 1944-1945 ho ne ho se na motho ea ka loanang le eena. Lepheo la 15 la Sesole sa Metsing sa Metsing sa United States (FAW-15) se ne se eme Morocco le lihlopha tse tharo tsa Liberator (VB-111, -112 le -114; ho qetela ho tloha ka Hlakubele): Venturs tse peli (VB-127 le -132) le Catalin e le 'ngoe (VP). - 63).

Eketsa ka tlhaloso