Lienjineri tse tharo tsa li-cylinder. Hlahloba le tšebeliso

Fiat 126p e ne e e-na le enjene ea li-cylinder tse peli, 'me ho ne ho lekane, hobane Mapolesa a ile a isa bana ba bona motseng, ho ea matsatsing a phomolo a leoatle esita le Turkey, Italy kapa Fora! Joale na mofuta oa li-cylinder tse tharo o nyatsuoa haholo ke basebelisi ba bangata ba Marang-rang ehlile ke litoro tse feteletseng tsa tikoloho ho feta litlhoko tsa boiketlo ba ho khanna?

Lienjene tse tharo tsa li-cylinder lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng

Mang kapa mang ea kileng a ba le monyetla oa ho khanna koloi ea peterole ea 1-107 Toyota Aygo, Citroen C2005, kapa Peugeot 2014 mohlomong o hopola setso sa 1,0 enjene ea li-cylinder tse tharo. Ha e khanna, ho ne ho bonahala eka enjene e tla robeha, e phatlohe, e phatlohe. Ke feela ha lebelo la enjene le fihla hoo e ka bang 2000 rpm moo yuniti e ileng ea phahama ho isa bohōleng boo bakhanni ba ileng ba e-ba le maikutlo a hore ba khanna "koloi e ncha" eseng "mochine o khethehileng". Joale ho thoe'ng haeba data ea tekheniki e bontša matla a ka bang lilithara tse 70. cranked engine" eo re neng re e-na le eona ha re kenya. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ho hloea ha ka (le basebelisi ba bangata ba Marang-rang) ho lienjineri tse tharo-cylinder ho ile ha hlaha.

Phokotso ke tsela ea tikoloho, e meutloa ebile e khathatsa

Kaha ho finyella tšebeliso e tlaase ea peterole ho fetohile ntho e feteletseng ea moetsi e mong le e mong, e laetsoeng ke melao, molao-motheo oa ho fokotseha o thehiloe, i.e. phokotso ya boholo ba enjene ha e ntse e eketsa matla a yona. Sepheo sa tharollo ena e ne e le hantle ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura, hammoho le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea CO2.

Ntlafatso ea sistimi ena e entsoe hore e khonehe ke lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa matla, 'me theknoloji ena e thehiloe holim'a ente e tobileng ea mafura le turbocharger. Ente e tobileng ea peterole e finyella ho tšoana le atomization e nepahetseng ea motsoako oa mafura a moea ka kamoreng e tukang, ka melemo ea ho sebetsa hantle, 'me ka lebaka la turbocharger, re fumana lekhalo le lekaneng la matla, ntle le ho qhoma ho potlakisang.

Ka bomalimabe, boemo bo mpefala le lienjineri tse se nang turbocharger. Le hoja litsamaiso tse ncha tsa ente le limmapa tsa ente le ho khantša li lumella torque ea 95 Nm, e seng e ntse e fumaneha sebakeng se tlaase sa rev, ho tsamaisa enjene ho tloha qalong ho isa ho 1500-1800 rpm e ntse e sa thabise haholo. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha bahlahisi ba ithorisa, baenjiniere ba khonne ho fokotsa bongata bo sisinyehang moralong oa lithupa tse hokahanyang ha li bapisoa le lienjine tsa li-cylinder tse tharo tse fetileng, 'me lithupa le lipiston tse nang le litataiso tse tlase li ntlafalitsoe haholo bakeng sa boima ba 'mele hoo ntle le ho tela boiketlo. li-balance shafts tse sebelisoang hangata lienjineng li ne li ka qhaloa ka lisilindara tse tharo. Leha ho le joalo, ena ke khopolo. Lilemong tse leshome tsa bobeli tsa lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo, re tlameha ho hlokomela: lienjineri tsena ehlile li betere ho feta lilemo tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, empa ho ntse ho na le mohohlo oa 'nete lipakeng tsa tsona le mefuta ea li-cylinder tse' nè.

Ka lehlohonolo, li-unit tse se nang turbine li fumanoa feela likoloing tsa A-segment (holimo!, Citigo, C1) le liphetolelo tse theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa tsa B-segment, i.e. mehlala e sebetsoang ka bonolo le haholo toropong.

Haeba motho a batla ho ba le koloi ea karolo ea B e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho khanna, joale a ka reka mofuta o theko e boima haholo oa karolo ena, e nang le enjene ea turbocharged, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang a na le setso se phahameng sa enjene (mohlala, Nissan Micra Visia). + litšenyehelo ka enjene 1.0 71KM - PLN 52 le 290 turbo 0.9 HP - PLN 90).

Li-cylinders tse tharo - turbine le theknoloji ea sejoale-joale

Palo e kholoanyane ea lienjine tse fumanehang 'marakeng kajeno li na le turbocharged. Tabeng ea lienjine tse tsebahalang haholo tsa sehlopha sa VW, tsena ke li-unit tse 1.0 tse nang le bokhoni bo latelang: 90 KM, 95 KM, 110 KM le 115 KM, ho Opel tsena ke lienjine tse 1.0 tse nang le 90 KM le 105 KM, 'me ka har'a nyeoe ea mofuta oa sehlopha sa PSA - 1.2 PureTech diyuniti tse nang le matla a 110 le 130 hp E le mohlala oa lipatlisiso tse ncha, ho bohlokoa ho qotsa lintlha tsa moralo oa yuniti ea VW:

Hlooho ea li-cylinder tse 'nè ka har'a enjine e entsoe ka motsoako oa aluminium. Li-valve li fumaneha ka likhato tse 21 (ho kena) kapa likhato tse 22,4 (ho qeta) 'me li tsamaisoa ke li-tappets tsa rolara. Mokelikeli o mongata o kopantsoe le hlooho ea cylinder ha moralo o lumella lienjene ho fihlela mocheso o nepahetseng oa ts'ebetso kapele. Hobane likou tsa exhaust li kopana ka har'a hlooho bohareng ba flange, sepholisa se futhumala kapele ha serame se qala. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng, phallo ea khase ea ho qeta e pholile ka potlako, e lumellang lienjini hore li sebetse ka tekanyo e nepahetseng ea mafura-ea-moea ea lambda = 1. Ka lebaka leo, ho tsoa ha mocheso ho fokotseha 'me tšebeliso ea mafura e fokotsehile.

Ka hona, ho bonahala eka ho nepahetse ka theknoloji, empa ...

Ha se enjene e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekanang ... koloi e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe

Ka bomalimabe, lets'olo lena la tikoloho bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea "litekanyetso tse tala" le entse hore lienjineri tsa li-cylinder tse tharo e be pheko ea mathata ohle. Linaheng tse nang le setso se phahameng sa tikoloho ho feta Poland (moo sekhechana sa koloi, se sebelitseng nako ea sona linaheng tsa tsoelopele, se romelloa kantle ho naha ka matsoho a bulehileng ntle le taolo), litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso li sebetsa mme mefuta e mecha ea tikoloho e khothaletsoa ho feta liphetolelo tse nang le tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea CO2. . Leha ho le joalo, hangata sena ke "lipampiri" feela.

 Bona hape: Mokhoa oa ho boloka mafura?

Kaha ke bile le monyetla oa ho leka likoloi tse ngata tse nyane tse 208-cylinder tse kang: Up!, Citigo, Skoda Rapid, Peugeot 3, Opel Corsa, Citroen C3 le C1.0 Aircross, ke nahana hore lienjine tse 110-cylinder ke khetho e ntle haholo (haholo-holo. likhetho tsa turbo). Hase feela hore likoloi li na le mafura a mangata ka ho penya hamonate holim'a pedal ea khase, empa hape ka ho tsamaea ka moea, u ka utloa melemo ea turbocharging le "kick" nakong ea ho potlakisa. Ho phaella moo, mehlala ena e atisa ho nkoa e le liphetolelo tse sebelisoang motseng le bakeng sa ho hloa mafelo-beke a manyenyane. Ke na le mehopolo e monate haholo ea Skoda Rapid e nang le enjene ea 4,7 100 KM DSG, e neng e loketse ka lebaka la boholo ba mohlala (e lekiloeng lehlabuleng ha ke kenya libaesekele ka hare), tšebeliso ea mafura le matla a ho khanna. (Ka mor'a moo, ena ke koloi e kholo haholo, 'me e ja 55 l / XNUMX km), le ... tanka ea mafura ea XNUMX-litre.

Bala hape: Ho leka Mazda 6 ka enjene ea peterole ea SKyActiv-G 2.0 165 hp

Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea enjene e nyenyane ea li-cylinder tse tharo likoloing tse kholoanyane ke ho se utloisisane ho feletseng. Ha ke ntse ke leka Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 KM ka lebokose la li-gearbox la DSG, ho khanna ha se motsamao o bonolo oa moruo, empa ho qala ka peppy maboneng a mang le a mang a sephethephethe. Sena se bakoa ke torque e tlase ea pre-turbo. Ka lebaka leo, ha re ntse re khanna, re eketsa khase ho tsamaisa koloi e boima, e kholo le ... ha ho letho. Kahoo re eketsa khase e eketsehileng, turbine e raha 'me ... re fumana tekanyo ea torque holim'a mabili a etsang hore re robehe. Ke tšobotsi ea hore phetolelo e nang le enjene ena e ne e se na chelete e ngata motseng ho feta mefuta e meng, empa tseleng e kholo e ne e se na matla a fokolang, e fokolang le ... - ha e ntse e hatelloa haholo - ho feta mafura a mangata.

Tlhahiso ena ea "li-motor tse nyane tse tala" e le sebopeho sa litabatabelo tsa tikoloho tsa mebuso ea mmuso hajoale ke seoa sa 'nete. Mokhoa oa ho hlalosa hore mofuta oa Skoda Octavia o sebelisa enjene ea peterole ea 1.0 115K (3-cyl), 1.5 150KM le 2.0 190KM (245 RS e amahanngoa le ho tsosolosoa ha bohlokoa ha likarolo), le ho Opel Astra 1.0 105KM (3-cyl). cyl), 1.4 125 km, 14 150 km le 1.6 200 km, ha Peugeot 3008 SUV e na le dienjini 1.2 130 km (3-silindara) le 1.6 180 km? Phatlalatso e kholo joalo ea phepelo ea enjene ke phello ea takatso ea ho fumana likhase tse tlase tsa CO2 le ho fumana tlhahiso e tlase haholo 'marakeng ka litheolelo ho khetho e tlase (pampiri). Hoa tsebahala hore liphetolelo tse nang le lienjineri tse fokolang tsa 3-cylinder hangata li maemong a theko e tlase feela.

Maikutlo a bareki

Hajoale, mehlala e nang le enjine ea sejoale-joale ea li-cylinder tse tharo e ntse e le 'marakeng ka nako e khuts'oane ho fumana maikutlo a mangata, empa mona ke a mang:

Citroen C3 1.2 82 km - Li-cylinders tse tharo li utluoa, empa ka bonna ha ke tsotelle. Ho potlakisa ho 90/100 ho lokile ebile ho tloaelehile. Etsoe, sena ke lipere tse 82 feela, kahoo u se ke ua lebella mehlolo. Enjene e nyane, e bonolo, ha e na compressor, ka hona ke ts'epa hore e tla u tšoarella nako e telele ”;

Volkswagen Polo 1.0 75 HP - "Enjene ea moruo, e bokolla feela qalong e batang. Motseng o phetheselang, litseleng tse kholo ntle le mathata, 140-150 km / h ntle le ho bokolla ";

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 HP - "Koloi e tseleng e kholo e chesa mafura a fokolang, ho fapana le ho khanna ho pota-pota motse, mona phello e nyahamisa haholo" (mohlomong, mosebedisi o atisa ho khanna ka mokhoa o khutsitseng tseleng e kholo - BK);

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 HP "E tsamaea hantle 'me matla a hlile a tlase haholo. Hangata ke tsamaea ke le mong, empa ke tsamaile le lelapa la ka (batho ba 5) 'me ke khona ho e etsa. Ke qala ho ikutloa ke hloka matla ho feta lebelo la 160 km / h. CONS - ke monyollo ";

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km "Mme enjene ea quintessential 1.2 Pure tech e nang le othomathike e hlolehile, 'me karolelano ea mafura a sebelisoang potolohong ea literopo ke lilithara tse 11 ho isa ho tse 12 ts'ebelisong e tloaelehileng. Tseleng ea 90 km / h hoa khoneha ho theohela ho lilithara tse 7,5.

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km - "Engine: Haeba e se bakeng sa ho tuka, matla a enjene e nyenyane joalo a khotsofetse haholo."

Ecology

Kaha likoloi tse nang le lienjene tsa li-cylinder tse tharo e tlameha ho ba karabo litlhokong tsa tikoloho ho fokotsa mesi, ke habohlokoa ho hopola lintlha tseo ke li fumaneng sebokeng sa Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Joale ho ile ha tlalehoa hore ha ho chesoa litara e le 1 ea peterole, 2370 g ea CO₂ e thehoa, e bolelang hore likoloi li fetoha botsoalle haholoanyane ha li sebelisa mafura a fokolang. Ha e le hantle, motseng, tsena e tla ba li-hybrids, 'me tseleng e kholo, likoloi tse nang le lienjine tse kholo li khanna ka boima bo fokolang (mohlala, Mazda 3 e na le li-engines tsa 1.5 100-horsepower le tse peli tsa litha e le nngwe 120 hp / 165 hp. ). Ka hona, liphetolelo tsa li-cylinder tse tharo ke feela "mosebetsi oa pampiri" o lokelang ho lumellana le melao, empa ha e le hantle litebello tsa moemeli oa molao ea amohelang melao le tikoloho, tšebeliso ea mafura le matšeliso a ho khanna a utloahalang ke mosebedisi a fapane haholo.

Ho phaella moo, ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore ha se indasteri ea likoloi ke eona e senyang ka ho fetisisa ea tlhaho. Ho ea ka likhakanyo tse nepahetseng tsa IPCC, mehloli ea likhase tsa CO₂ lefats'eng ke tse latelang: matla - 25,9%, indasteri - 19,4%, meru - 17,4%, temo - 13,5%, lipalangoang - 13,1%, mapolasi - 7,9%. , likhoerekhoere - 2,8%. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore boleng bo bontšitsoeng e le lipalangoang, e leng 13,1%, bo entsoe ka lintlha tse 'maloa: likoloi (6,0%), literene, lifofane le likepe (3,6%), le literaka (3,5 ,XNUMX%).  

Ka hona, likoloi hase tsona tse silafatsang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me ho kenngoa ha lienjene tse nyenyane ho ke ke ha rarolla bothata ba ho ntša mosi. E, ho ka 'na ha e-ba tekong ea ho boloka chelete tabeng ea likoloi tse nyenyane tse tsamaeang haholo motseng, empa enjene ea li-cylinder tse tharo ka mokhoa o moholo oa lelapa ke ho se utloisisane.