Supercapacitors - e phahameng haholo le e phahameng haholo
Taba ea matla a betri, lebelo, bokhoni le polokeho joale e fetoha e 'ngoe ea mathata a mantlha a lefats'e. Ka kutloisiso ea hore tsoelopele sebakeng sena e sokela ho thefula tsoelopele eohle ea rona ea tekheniki.
Haufinyane tjena re ngotse ka ho phatloha ha libeteri tsa lithium-ion ka mehala. Bokhoni ba bona bo ntseng bo sa khotsofatse le ho tjhaja butle ka sebele ho khopisitse Elon Musk kapa motho leha e le ofe ea chesehelang koloi ea motlakase ho feta hang. Ke lilemo tse ngata re ntse re utloa ka lintlafatso tse fapaneng sebakeng sena, empa ho ntse ho se na katleho e ka fanang ka ho hong ho betere ts'ebelisong ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Leha ho le joalo, ka nako e telele joale ho 'nile ha e-ba le lipuo tse ngata mabapi le taba ea hore libeteri li ka nkeloa sebaka ke li-capacitor tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako, kapa ho e-na le hoo, phetolelo ea "super".
Ke hobane'ng ha li-capacitor tse tloaelehileng li sa tšepe hore li tla atleha? Karabo e bonolo. K'hilograma ea peterole e ka ba lihora tse 4. kilowatt tsa matla. Betri ea mofuta oa Tesla e na le matla a ka tlase ho makhetlo a 30. K'hilograma ea boima ba capacitor ke 0,1 kWh feela. Ha ho hlokahale ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha li-capacitor tse tloaelehileng li sa tšoanelehe bakeng sa karolo e ncha. Bokhoni ba betri ea kajeno ea lithium-ion bo tla tlameha ho ba kholo ka makhetlo a makholo a 'maloa.
Supercapacitor kapa ultracapacitor ke mofuta oa electrolytic capacitor eo, ha e bapisoa le classical electrolytic capacitor, e nang le matla a motlakase a phahameng haholo (ka tatellano ea likete tse 'maloa tsa farads), e nang le matla a sebetsang a 2-3 V. Molemo o moholo oa li-supercapacitor ke nako e kgutshwane haholo ya ho tjhaja le ya ho ntsha ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa polokelo ea matla (mohlala, libeteri). Sena se o nolofalletsa ho eketsa phepelo ea motlakase ho 10 kW ka kilogram ea boima ba capacitor.
E 'ngoe ea mefuta ea li-ultracapacitor tse fumanehang' marakeng.
Liphihlelo ka lilaboratoring
Likhoeli tsa morao tjena li tlisitse tlhahisoleseling e ngata mabapi le li-prototypes tse ncha tsa supercapacitor. Qetellong ea 2016, re ithutile, mohlala, hore sehlopha sa bo-rasaense ba tsoang Univesithing ea Central Florida se thehile. mokhoa o mocha oa ho theha li-supercapacitor, ho boloka matla a mangata le ho mamella ho feta 30 XNUMX. lipotoloho tsa tefiso/ho ntsha. Haeba re ne re ka fetola libeteri ka li-supercapacitor tsena, re ke ke ra khona ho lefisa smartphone ka metsotsoana feela, empa seo se ne se tla lekana bakeng sa nako e fetang beke ea tšebeliso, Nitin Chowdhary, setho sa sehlopha sa lipatlisiso, o ile a bolella mecha ea litaba. . . Bo-ramahlale ba Florida ba theha li-supercapacitor tse limilione tsa li-microwires tse koahetsoeng ka thepa ea mahlakore a mabeli. Lithapo tsa mohala ke li-conductors tse ntle haholo tsa motlakase, tse lumellang ho tjhaja ka potlako le ho ntša capacitor, 'me lisebelisoa tse peli tse li koahelang li lumella ho boloka matla a mangata.
Bo-rasaense ba tsoang Univesithing ea Tehran e Iran, ba hlahisang mehaho ea koporo e nang le porous ka tharollo ea ammonia e le lisebelisoa tsa electrode, ba khomarela khopolo e batlang e tšoana. Borithane le bona ba khetha li-gel tse kang tse sebelisoang lilenseng tsa ho kopana. Motho e mong o ile a nka li-polymer ho ea workshop. Lipatlisiso le mehopolo ha li fele ho pota lefatše.
Bo-rasaense ba amehang ho morero ELECTROGRAPH (Graphene-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications), e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke EU, e ntse e sebetsa tlhahisong ea bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa elektrode tsa graphene le tšebeliso ea li-electrolyte tsa mokelikeli oa ionic tse se nang tikoloho mochesong oa kamore. Bo-rasaense ba lebeletse seo graphene e tla nkela khabone e kentsoeng sebaka (AC) e sebelisoa ka li-electrode tsa li-supercapacitor.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahisa li-graphite oxides mona, ba li arola ka maqephe a graphene, ebe ba kenya maqephe ka har'a supercapacitor. Ha ho bapisoa le li-electrode tse thehiloeng ho AC, li-electrode tsa graphene li na le thepa e ntle ea sekhomaretsi le matla a phahameng a ho boloka matla.
Bapalami ba palamang - terempe ea tjhaja
Litsi tsa lipatlisiso li etsa lipatlisiso le prototyping, 'me Machaena a sebelisitse li-supercapacitor. Toropo ea Zhuzhou, Profinseng ea Hunan, haufinyane e hlahisitse terempe ea pele e entsoeng China e tsamaisoang ke li-supercapacitor (2), ho bolelang hore ha e hloke mohala o holimo. Terene e tsamaisoa ke li-pantographs tse kentsoeng liemelong. Tefiso e felletseng e nka metsotsoana e ka bang 30, kahoo e etsahala nakong ea ho palama le ho theoha ha bapalami. Sena se lumella koloi hore e tsamaee 3-5 km ntle le matla a ka ntle, e leng ho lekaneng ho fihla setopong se latelang. Ho feta moo, e khutlisa matla a fihlang ho 85% ha e qhoma.
Menyetla ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea li-supercapacitor e ngata - ho tloha lits'ebetsong tsa matla, lisele tsa mafura, lisele tsa letsatsi ho ea ho likoloi tsa motlakase. Haufinyane tjena, tlhokomelo ea litsebi e se e lebisitsoe tlhokomelong ea tšebeliso ea li-supercapacitor likoloing tsa motlakase tse nyalisitsoeng. Polymer diaphragm fuel cell e tjhaja supercapacitor, ebe e boloka matla a motlakase a sebelisoang ho matlafatsa enjene. Lipotoloho tse potlakileng tsa tefiso / ho lahla tsa SC li ka sebelisoa ho thethefatsa matla a hlokahalang a tlhoro ea sele ea mafura, ho fana ka ts'ebetso e batlang e tšoana.
Ho bonahala eka re se re le mothating oa phetoho ea supercapacitor. Leha ho le joalo, phihlelo e bontša hore ho bohlokoa ho thibela cheseho e feteletseng e le hore u se ke ua ferekana 'me u se ke ua siuoa ka betere ea khale e tsoileng matsoho matsohong a hao.
