Khalase ea metsi

Khalase ea metsi ke tharollo e tsitsitseng ea sodium metasilicate Na2SiO3 (letsoai la potasiamo le sebelisoa hape). E entsoe ka ho qhibiliha silika (joaloka lehlabathe) ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide: 

Khalase ea metsi ha e le hantle, ke motsoako oa letsoai la li-silicic acid tse fapaneng tse nang le likhato tse fapaneng tsa polymerization. E sebelisoa e le ho kenya letsoho (mohlala, ho sireletsa marako ho tloha mongobo, e le tšireletso ea mollo), karolo ea li-putty le li-sealants, bakeng sa tlhahiso ea thepa ea silicone, hammoho le ho eketsa lijo ho thibela ho baka (E 550). Khalase ea metsi e fumanehang khoebong e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa liteko tse 'maloa tse makatsang (hobane ke mokelikeli o motenya, o sebelisoa ka ho o hlapolla ka metsi ka karolelano ea 1: 1).

Tekong ea pele, re tla hlahisa motsoako oa li-silicic acid. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo, re tla sebelisa litharollo tse latelang: khalase ea metsi le ammonium chloride NH.₄Cl le pampiri ea sesupo ho lekola karabelo (setšoantšo sa 1).

Khemistri - karolo ea khalase ea metsi 1 - MT

Khalase ea metsi e le letsoai la asiti e fokolang le setsi se matla ka tharollo e nang le metsi a mangata haholo ke hydrolyzed le alkaline (setšoantšo sa 2). Tšela tharollo ea ammonium chloride (setšoantšo sa 3) ka har'a beaker ka tharollo ea khalase ea metsi ebe u hlohlelletsa litaba (setšoantšo sa 4). Ka mor'a nako e itseng, ho thehoa boima ba gelatin (setšoantšo sa 5), ​​e leng motsoako oa li-silicic acid:

(ha e le hantle SiO₂?ne₂O? ho thehoa li-silicic acid tse nang le likhato tse fapaneng tsa hydration).

Mochini oa karabelo ea beaker o emeloang ke kakaretso ea kakaretso ea equation e ka tsela e latelang:

a) sodium metasilicate ka tharollo e ikarola ebe e kena hydrolysis:

b) li-ion tsa ammonium li sebetsana le li-ion tsa hydroxide:

Ha li-ion tsa hydroxyl li sebelisoa ka karabelo ea b), tekano ea karabelo a) e fetohela ka ho le letona, 'me ka lebaka leo, li-silicic acid lia phahama.

Tekong ea bobeli, re hōla "limela tsa lik'hemik'hale". Litharollo tse latelang li tla hlokahala bakeng sa teko: khalase ea metsi le letsoai la tšepe? tšepe (III), tšepe (II), koporo (II), calcium, tin (II), chromium (III), manganese (II).

Khemistri - karolo ea khalase ea metsi 2 - MT

Ha re qale teko ka ho hlahisa likristale tse 'maloa tsa iron chloride (III) letsoai la FeCl ka har'a tube ea teko.₃ le tharollo ea khalase ea metsi (setšoantšo sa 6). Ka mor'a nakoana, limela tse sootho? (setšoantšo sa 7, 8, 9), ho tloha ho tšepe e sa qhibilihisitsoeng (III) metasilicate:

Hape, letsoai la litšepe tse ling le u lumella ho fumana liphetho tse sebetsang:

• koporo(II)? foto 10
• chromium(III)? foto 11
• tšepe (II)? setšoantšo 12
• calcium? Setšoantšo sa 13
• likorale (II)? setšoantšo 14
• etella pele (II)? foto 15

Mokhoa oa mekhoa e tsoelang pele o itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso ea osmosis, ke hore, ho kenella ha likaroloana tse nyenyane ka li-pores tsa li-membrane tse semipermeable. Li-deposit tsa li-silicate tsa tšepe tse sa tsitsang li theha e le lesela le tšesaane holim'a letsoai le kenngoa ka har'a tube ea teko. Limolek'hule tsa metsi li kenella ka har'a masoba a lera le hlahang, li etsa hore letsoai la tšepe le ka tlaase le qhalane. Tharollo e hlahisoang e sutumelletsa filimi ho fihlela e phatloha. Ka mor'a ho tšolla motsoako oa letsoai oa tšepe, na silicate precipitate e boela ea theoha? potoloho ea ipheta le semela sa lik'hemik'hale? ea eketseha.

Ka ho kenya motsoako oa likristale tsa letsoai tsa litšepe tse sa tšoaneng ka sejaneng se le seng ebe re o nosetsa ka mokelikeli oa khalase ea metsi, na re ka hōlisa “serapa sa lik’hemik’hale” kaofela? (setšoantšo sa 16, 17, 18).

Litšoantšo