Sebopeho le boholo ba mokelikeli oa antifreeze
Tse ka hare
Anti-freeze e kenyelletsa eng?
Lino tse tahang
Ho thibela serame sa khalase nakong ea mariha, hoa hlokahala ho theola mocheso oa crystallization oa metsi. Li-alalphatic alcohols tse bonolo ka ho fetisisa ke lintho tse utloahalang bakeng sa ho rarolla bothata bona. Ho sebelisoa mefuta e 3 ea lino tse tahang tsa monohydric, ka bobeli ka motsoako le ka mono:
- Ethanol
E seng chefo; e phatsima ho -114 °C. E ile ea sebelisoa ho fihlela 2006, leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse phahameng le linyeoe tsa khafetsa tsa tšebeliso ea molomo ka mokhoa oa li-surrogates, e ne e qheletsoe ka thoko ho sebopeho.
- Isopropanol
Ho fapana le ethanol, joala ea isopropyl e theko e tlaase, empa e na le phello e chefo le monko oa acetone.
- Methanol
E fapane ka lipontšo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale. Leha ho le joalo, e chefo haholo 'me e thibetsoe ho sebelisoa linaheng tse ngata.
Likahare tsa joala tsa tekheniki ho antifreeze li fapana ho tloha ho 25 ho isa ho 75%. Ha mahloriso a ntse a eketseha, ntlha ea leqhoa ea motsoako e fokotseha. Kahoo, sebopeho sa anti-freeze ho fihlela ho -30 ° C serame se kenyelletsa bonyane 50% ea joala ea isopropyl.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlatsoa
Mosebetsi o latelang oa mokelikeli oa antifreeze ke ho tlosoa ha litšila le li-streaks. Li-surfactants tsa anionic li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa sesepa, tse sebetsang ho sa tsotellehe mocheso. Hape, li-surfactants li ntlafatsa ho tsoakoa ha likaroloana tse qhibilihang ka mokhoa o fokolang le lino tse tahang le metsi. Peresente - ho fihla ho 1%.
Denatured
Ho loantša ho kenngoa ha metsi a washer, li-additives tse khethehileng tse nang le monko o sa thabiseng li hlahisoa. Hangata, pyridine, phthalic acid esters, kapa parafine e tloaelehileng e eketsoa. Metsoako e joalo e na le monko o nyonyehang 'me ha e arohane hantle ka metsoako ea joala. Kabelo ea li-additives tsa denaturing ke 0,1-0,5%.
Ho tsitsisa
E le ho boloka thepa ea ts'ebetso, chefo ethylene glycol kapa propylene glycol e se nang kotsi e eketsoa ho anti-freeze. Metsoako e joalo e eketsa ho qhibiliha ha likarolo tsa manyolo, ho lelefatsa nako ea ts'ebeliso, hape ho boloka metsi a mokelikeli. Litaba li ka tlase ho 5%.
Tatso
Ho felisa monko oa "acetone", lihloekisi tsa khalase tse thehiloeng ho isopropanol li sebelisa monko o monate - lintho tse nkhang hamonate tse nang le monko o monate. Karolo ea karolo e ka bang 0,5%.
Boea
Colouring e etsa mosebetsi oa mokhabiso, hape e bontša peresente ea joala. Hangata ho na le li-anti-freezes tse nang le 'mala o moputsoa, o lumellanang le 25% ea isopropanol. Ho feteletseng ha dae ho lebisa ho thehoeng ha precipitate. Ka hona, litaba tsa eona ha lia lokela ho feta 0,001%.
Metsi
Metsi a hloekisitsoeng a sebelisoa ntle le litšila. The aqueous distillate e sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa mocheso, solvent, hape e tlosa litšila hammoho le surfactant. Peresente ea metsi ke 20-70% ho latela hore na joala bo joang.
Sebopeho sa anti-freeze ho latela GOST
Hajoale Russia ha ho na litokomane tse laoloang mabapi le ho hlophisoa le ho etsoa ha mokelikeli oa mochini o hlatsoang moea. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsa motho ka mong li tlas'a litlhoko tsa taolo ho latela polokeho le katleho ea kopo. Khakanyo ea sebopeho sa mokelikeli oa mochini o hlatsoang moea oa mariha o nang le letšoao la tumellano la PCT ho latela maemo a mahareng (GOST):
- metsi a demineralized: eseng ka tlase ho 30%;
- isopropanol: ho feta 30%;
- Li-surfactants: ho fihlela ho 5%;
- stabilizer propylene glycol: 5%;
- karolo e thibelang litšila ka metsi: 1%;
- moemeli oa buffer: 1%;
- tatso: 5%;
- lidae: 5%.
Litlhokahalo tsa taolo bakeng sa sebopeho
Setifikeiti sa sehlahisoa se ela hloko tekanyo ea chefo le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa. Kahoo, li-washer tsa windshield li lokela ho sebetsana ka katleho le tšilafalo nakong ea mariha, eseng ho theha li-streaks, libaka tse fokotsang pono ea mokhanni. Likarolo tsa sebopeho li tlameha ho se tsotelle fiberglass le bokaholimo ba tšepe. Lik'hemik'hale tse chefo ka har'a sebopeho sa anti-freeze li nkeloa sebaka ke li-analogues tse se nang kotsi: methanol - isopropanol, chefo ethylene glycol - e sa nke lehlakore propylene glycol.
