Sistimi ea EGR
Sistimi ea Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) e ile ea ntlafatsoa ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tikoloho ea enjene ea koloi. Tšebeliso ea eona e ka fokotsa bongata ba nitrogen oxides likhaseng tsa mouoane. Tse latelang ha li tlosoe ka mokhoa o lekaneng ke li-converter tsa catalytic mme, kaha ke likarolo tse chefo ka ho fetesisa ho hlophisoa ha likhase tse tsoang, ho hlokahala tšebeliso ea tharollo le mahlale a eketsehileng.
Mokhoa ona o sebetsa joang
EGR ke khutsufatso ea lentsoe la Senyesemane "Exhaust Gas Recirculation", le fetolelang e le "exhaust gas recirculation". Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa tsamaiso e joalo ke ho khelosa karolo ea likhase ho tloha mefuteng e mengata ea ho ntša metsi ho ea ho tse ngata tse kenang. Ho thehoa ha nitrogen oxides ho lekana ka ho toba le mocheso ka kamoreng ea ho tuka ha enjene. Ha likhase tsa ho qeta ho tsoa tsamaisong ea ho qeta ho kena tsamaisong ea ho noa, khatello ea oksijene, e sebetsang e le sesosa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mollo, e fokotseha. Ka lebaka leo, mocheso ka kamoreng ea mollo oa fokotseha 'me karolo ea nitrogen oxide e thehoa e fokotseha.
Sistimi ea EGR e sebelisoa bakeng sa lienjineri tsa diesel le peterole. Mekhelo feela ke likoloi tsa peterole tsa turbocharged, moo ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ea recirculation e sa sebetseng hantle ka lebaka la lintlha tse ikhethang tsa mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea enjene. Ka kakaretso, theknoloji ea EGR e ka fokotsa likhahla tsa nitrogen oxide ka 50%. Ntle le moo, monyetla oa ho phatloha o fokotsehile, tšebeliso ea mafura e ba moruo haholoanyane (hoo e ka bang 3%), 'me likoloi tsa diesel li khetholloa ke ho fokotseha ha palo ea soot likhase tse tsoang.
Pelo ea tsamaiso ea EGR ke valve ea recirculation, e laolang ho phalla ha likhase tsa ho tsoa ka har'a mefuta e mengata e kenang. E sebetsa ka mocheso o phahameng 'me e tlas'a meroalo e phahameng. Phokotso ea mocheso e qobelloang e ka bōptjoa, e hlokang radiator (e pholileng) e kenngoa pakeng tsa tsamaiso ea ho qeta le valve. Ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea ho pholisa koloi ka kakaretso.
Ka lienjineng tsa diesel, valve ea EGR e bula e sa sebetse. Tabeng ena, likhase tsa ho qeta li etsa karolo ea 50 lekholong ea moea o kenang likamoreng tse tukang. Ha mojaro o ntse o eketseha, valve butle-butle e koala. Bakeng sa enjene ea peterole, mokhoa oa ho potoloha hangata o sebetsa feela ka lebelo la enjene le tlase mme o fana ka 10% ea likhase tse tsoang moeeng kaofela.
Li-valve tsa EGR ke eng
Hona joale, ho na le mefuta e meraro ea li-valve tsa recirculation tsa ho qeta, tse fapaneng ka mofuta oa actuator:
- Moea oa moea. E bonolo ka ho fetesisa, empa e se e siiloe ke nako ea sistimi ea phepelo ea khase e tsoang. Ha e le hantle, phello ea valve e etsoa ke vacuum ka har'a mefuta e mengata ea koloi.
- Electropneumatic. Sephahla sa Pneumatic EGR se laoloa ke valve ea solenoid, e sebetsang ho tloha lipontšong tse tsoang ho enjene ea ECU e thehiloeng ho data e tsoang ho li-sensor tse 'maloa (khatello ea khase le mocheso, boemo ba valve, khatello ea ho kenngoa le mocheso o pholileng). E kopanya le ho khaola mohloli oa vacuum mme e theha maemo a mabeli feela a valve ea EGR. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, vacuum tsamaisong e joalo e ka etsoa ka pompo e fapaneng ea vacuum.
- Elektroniki. Mofuta ona oa valve ea recirculation o laoloa ka kotloloho ke enjene ea koloi ECU. E na le maemo a mararo bakeng sa taolo e bonolo ea ho ntša metsi. Boemo ba valve ea elektroniki ea EGR bo fetoloa ke limakete tse e bulang le ho e koala ka mefuta e fapaneng. Sistimi ena ha e sebelise vacuum.
Mefuta ea EGR ka enjene ea diesel
Enjene ea diesel e sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tsa phetisetso ea khase e tsoang, eo sekoaelo sa eona se khethoang ke maemo a tikoloho ea koloi. Hona joale ho na le tse tharo tsa tsona:
- Khatello e phahameng (e lumellana le Euro 4). Valve ea recirculation e hokahanya boema-kepe ba ho tima, bo kentsoeng ka pel'a turbocharger, ka kotloloho ho manifold a kenang. Potoloho ena e sebelisa koloi ea electro-pneumatic. Ha throttle e koetsoe, khatello ka har'a mefuta e mengata ea ho noa ea fokotseha, e leng se etsang hore ho be le vacuum e phahameng. Sena se baka keketseho ea phallo ea likhase tsa mouoane. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, matla a matla a fokotsehile hobane likhase tse fokolang tsa ho ntša metsi li kenngoa ka har'a turbine. Ka throttle e bulehileng, mokhoa oa ho khutlisa khase ea ho tsoa ha o sebetse.
- Khatello e tlaase (e lumellana le Euro 5). Lenaneong lena, valve e hokahane le tsamaiso ea ho qeta sebakeng se pakeng tsa filthara ea particulate le muffler, le tsamaisong ea ho noa pele ho turbocharger. Ka lebaka la motsoako ona, mocheso oa likhase tsa ho qeta o fokotsehile, 'me li boetse li hloekisoa ka litšila tsa mosili. Tabeng ena, ha ho bapisoa le morero oa khatello e phahameng, khatello ea khatello e etsoa ka matla a feletseng, kaha khase eohle e phallang e feta ka har'a turbine.
- E kopantsoe (e lumellana le Euro 6). Ke motsoako oa li-circuits tsa khatello e phahameng le e tlase, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le li-valve tsa eona tsa ho potoloha hape. Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, potoloho ena e sebetsa mocheng o tlaase oa khatello, 'me mocha oa khatello e phahameng oa khatello o kopantsoe ha mojaro o eketseha.
Ka karolelano, valve ea ho khutlisa khase ea ho ntša metsi e nka lik'hilomithara tse 100, ka mor'a moo e ka koala le ho hlōleha. Maemong a mangata, bakhanni ba sa tsebeng hore na li-recirculation systems ke life tsa ho li tlosa ka ho feletseng.
