Khatelo-pele tšimong ea boipuso ba likoloi tsa motlakase

Tse ka hare

Khatelo-pele e hlokomelehang ho tloha 2010 ho isa 2020
Lipheo tse matla tsa nako e khuts'oane
- Li-platform tse ncha tsa Stellantis tsa electromotorization
- Lik'hilomithara tse 800 tsa boipuso ka 2025?
  - Samsung le betri ea boemo bo tiileng
  - SK Innovation le Super Fast Charging
Bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 2000?

Khatelo-pele e hlokomelehang ho tloha 2010 ho isa 2020

Ho tloha ha ho fihla likoloi tsa motlakase 'marakeng, bophelo ba betri bo 'nile ba khahla tlhokomelo le likhang. Bahlahisi ba sebetsane le bothata boo joang 'me ke tsoelo-pele efe e entsoeng lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng?

Boipuso ba koloi ea motlakase: brake ea 'maraka o moholo?

Ka 2019, 63% ea ba arabelitsoeng ho Argus Energy barometer ba ile ba nka mefuta e mengata e le tšitiso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho fallela likoloing tsa motlakase. Bakhanni ba hlile ba leqe ho nahana ka ho tjhaja koloi ea bona hangata hore ba tsamaee sebaka se selelele. Na nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja tse fumanehang phatlalatsa e ka fokotsa ho tšoenyeha hoo? Li-terminals tse potlakileng, tse ntseng li le teng haholo libakeng tsa boithabiso tsa makoloi, li khutlisa bokhoni ba tsona ba mefuta e mengata ka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e 45. Fans ea enjene ea mocheso e ke ke ea hloleha ho hopola hore nako ena e ntse e le telele ho feta ea peterole e felletseng.

Tsoelo-pele ea boikemelo ba likoloi tsa motlakase

Leha ho potlakisa ho tsamaisoa ha liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ho ka tiisetsa bakhanni ba bang, litebello li ntse li tsepamisitsoe ho boikemelo ka bobona.

U hloka thuso ho qala?

Ho eketsa boikemelo bo itekanetseng

Ho latela tlaleho ea Global Electric Vehicles Outlook 2021 e lokiselitsoeng ke International Energy Agency, boikemelo ba likoloi tsa motlakase bo tsoetse pele ho ntlafala ho tloha ha ba qala ho hlahisoa 'marakeng. Kahoo, re tlohile ho boipuso bo phatlalalitsoeng ba lik'hilomithara tse 211 ka 2015 ho ea ho lik'hilomithara tse 338 ka 2020. Lintlha tsa lilemo tse tšeletseng tse fetileng ke tsena:

2015: 211 km
2016: lik'hilomithara tse 233
2017: lik'hilomithara tse 267
2018: lik'hilomithara tse 304
2019: lik'hilomithara tse 336
2020: lik'hilomithara tse 338

Haeba tsoelo-pele e hlokometsoeng lilemong tse hlano tsa pele e khothatsa, motho a ka makatsoa ke boemo bo pakeng tsa 2019 le 2020. Ha e le hantle, khōlo ena e itekanetseng haholoanyane e susumetsoa ke ho kena ha mefuta e mengata e kopanetsoeng 'marakeng. E etselitsoe ho sebelisoa litoropong, li na le libeteri tse nyane mme ka hona ha li tšoarelle nako e telele.

Boikemelo ba li-brand of flagship ts'ebetsong

Kahoo, bakhanni ba likoloi ba batlang boipuso bo boholo ba ka kholiseha hore bahlahisi ba tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa likoloi tse khonang ho tsamaea libaka tse telele, tse kang li-sedan kapa SUVs. Ho utloisisa sena, hlahloba feela matla a betri ea koloi e itseng ka ho sheba phetoho ea mohlala ka mohlala. Tesla Model S, e rekisoang ho tloha 2012, e bone boipuso ba eona bo ntse bo eketseha khafetsa:

2012: lik'hilomithara tse 426
2015: lik'hilomithara tse 424
2016: lik'hilomithara tse 507
2018: lik'hilomithara tse 539
2020: lik'hilomithara tse 647
2021: lik'hilomithara tse 663

Keketseho ena e tloaelehileng e fumanoe ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Haholo-holo, Palo Alto e entse libeteri tse khōloanyane le tse khōloanyane ha e ntse e ntlafatsa software ea taolo ea Model S. E lula e nchafatsoa ho etsa hore koloi e sebetse hantle le ho ntlafatsa matla a betri.

Lipheo tse matla tsa nako e khuts'oane

Ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa boikemelo ba likoloi tsa motlakase, litsela tse 'maloa li ntse li hlahlojoa kajeno. Bafuputsi ba leka ho etsa hore libeteri li sebetse hantle le ho feta ha baetsi ba batla ho "nahana ka motlakase" ho tsoa ho moralo oa chassis ea koloi.

Li-platform tse ncha tsa Stellantis tsa electromotorization

Sehlopha sa Stellantis, sebapali se seholo 'marakeng oa likoloi, se batla ho nts'etsapele mefuta ea eona ea likoloi tsa motlakase. Ho tloha ka 2023, lihlahisoa tse 14 tsa sehlopha (ho kenyeletsoa Citroën, Opel, Fiat, Dodge le Jeep) li tla fana ka likoloi tse hahiloeng holim'a chasi e entsoeng e le sethala sa motlakase feela. Ena ke phetoho ea 'nete nakong eo li-EV tse ngata li sebelisang chassis ea mefuta e tšoanang ea mocheso.

Haholo-holo, Stellantis e ikemiselitse ho arabela li-alarmo tsa ho senyeha tse lulang li le bohlokoa ho bakhanni ba likoloi tsa motlakase. Ka hona, bahlahisi ba hlahisitse li-platform tse 'ne tse inehetseng ho enjene ena:

Nyenyane: E tla bolokeloa likoloi tsa toropo le tse ngata tse kang Peugeot e-208 kapa Fiat 500. Sethala sena se tšepisa sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse 500.
Mahareng: Sethala sena se tla kengoa likoloing tse telele tsa sedan. Libetri tse lumellanang li tla fana ka sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse 700 ho isa ho tse 800.
E kholo: Sethala sena se tla etselitsoe li-SUV tse nang le sebaka se phatlalalitsoeng sa lik'hilomithara tse 500.
Frame: Sethala sa bone se tla be se boloketsoe ka botlalo bakeng sa likoloi tsa khoebo.

Sepheo sa maemo ana ke ho fokotsa ka mokhoa o sa fellang litšenyehelo tsa ho kenya motlakase. Ntle le ho holisa mefuta, Stellantis e boetse e ts'epa ho fana ka mefuta e theko e tlaase ea EV. Mokhoa ona o bonahala ho bakhanni ba likoloi: Fora, litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho reka likoloi tsa motlakase li ntse li fokotseha ka mokhoa o itseng ka chelete ea phetoho, empa e ka 'na ea fokotseha nakong e tlang.

Lik'hilomithara tse 800 tsa boipuso ka 2025?

Samsung le betri ea boemo bo tiileng

Ho ea ka bahlahisi, haufinyane ho ikemela ha betri e chesitsoeng ho tla lekana le ea tanka e tletseng! Bafuputsi ba sebetsang le mofuta oa Samsung ba hlahisitse mohopolo o mocha oa betri ea electrolyte ka Hlakubele 2020. Hona joale, libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse nang le likoloi tse ngata tsa motlakase, li sebetsa ka li-electrolyte tsa metsi kapa ka mokhoa oa gel; ho fetohela ho libeteri tse tiileng tsa electrolyte ho tla bolela matla a phahameng a matla le ho nchafatsa ka potlako.

Ka palo e habeli ea li-betri tsa setso, popontshwa ena ea Samsung e tla thusa li-EV ho tsamaea ho fihla ho 800 km. Nako ea bophelo ke khang e 'ngoe e emelang betri ena kaha e ka tjhaja makhetlo a fetang 1000. E sala e le ho fetisa thupelo ea tlhahiso ... Haeba mohlala oa Samsung o tšepisa, joale ho fihlela joale ha ho letho le reng bahlahisi ba tla e sebelisa!

SK Innovation le Super Fast Charging

Khamphani e 'ngoe ea Korea Boroa e hahamallang lik'hilomithara tse 800 tsa boipuso ke SK Innovation. Sehlopha se phatlalalitse hore se ntse se sebetsa ka betere e ncha, e ikemetseng, e nang le nickel e matla haholo ha e ntse e fokotsa nako ea ho tjhaja setsing se potlakileng ho fihlela metsotso ea 20! SK Innovation, e seng e ntse e le mofani oa thepa ho moetsi oa Kia, o batla ho nts'etsapele le ho haha liindasteri tse 'maloa Georgia. Sepheo sa ho qetela ke ho hlomella Ford le Volkswagen ka likoloi tsa motlakase tse hahiloeng US.

Bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 2000?

Seo lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng se ka beng se fetile bakeng sa tšōmo ea mahlale se ka fetoha ntho ea sebele e bonahalang kapele. Sehlopha sa bo-ramahlale ba Majeremane le ba Madache ba sebeletsang Fraunhofer le SoLayTec, ka ho latellana, ba thehile mokhoa o nang le tokelo ea molao o bitsoang Spatial Atom Layer Deposition.

(SALD). Ha ho liphetoho k'hemistri mona, joalo ka ha ho le joalo ka ma Korea Boroa Samsung le SK Innovation. Khatelo-pele e fihletsoeng e amana le theknoloji ea betri. Bafuputsi ba ile ba tla ka mohopolo oa ho sebelisa thepa e sebetsang ea li-electrode ka sebopeho sa lera la li-nanometer tse 'maloa. Kaha pokello ea li-ion tsa lithium e hlaha feela ka holim'a metsi, ha ho hlokahale hore ho be le li-electrode tse teteaneng.

Ka hona, bakeng sa bophahamo bo lekanang kapa boima ba 'mele, ts'ebetso ea SALD e ntlafatsa lintlha tse tharo tsa bohlokoa:

sebaka se sebetsang sa electrode
bokhoni ba bona ba ho boloka motlakase
lebelo la ho tjhaja

Kahoo, likoloi tse nang le betri ea SALD li ka ba le mefuta e mengata ka makhetlo a mararo ho feta ea mefuta e matla ka ho fetisisa e teng hona joale 'marakeng. Lebelo la ho kenya hape le ka eketsoa ka makhetlo a mahlano! Frank Verhage, CEO oa SALD, e thehiloeng ho bapatsa popontšo ena, o re sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse 1000 bakeng sa makoloi a toropo le lik'hilomithara tse fihlang ho tse 2000 bakeng sa li-sedan. Moetapele o tsilatsila ho beha rekoto ea boipuso ea theoretical, empa o na le tšepo ea ho tiisetsa bakhanni. Le bakhanni ba lipapali ba ntse ba ka ba le matla a 20 kapa 30% kamora ho tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse 1000, o boletse joalo.