Peresente ea sebopeho sa oli ea enjene
Tse ka hare
Kemiso ea oli
Ho latela mokhoa oa ho fumana oli bakeng sa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare, li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 3:
- Liminerale (petroleum)
E fumanoa ka ho hloekisoa ha oli ka kotloloho e lateloang ke ho aroloa ha alkanes. Sehlahisoa se joalo se na le hoo e ka bang 90% ea li-hydrocarbon tse tletseng branched. E khetholloa ke ho arohana ho hoholo ha parafine (heterogeneity ea boima ba limolek'hule tsa liketane). Ka lebaka leo: lubricant ha e tsitsa ka mocheso ebile ha e boloke viscosity nakong ea ts'ebetso.
- Maiketsetso
Sehlahisoa sa petrochemical synthesis. Thepa e tala ke ethylene, eo ho eona, ka catalytic polymerization, setsi se nang le boima bo nepahetseng ba molek'hule le liketane tse telele tsa polymer li fumanoa. Hape hoa khoneha ho fumana oli ea maiketsetso ka hydrocracking mineral analogues. E fapane ka litšobotsi tse sa fetoheng tsa ts'ebetso bophelong bohle ba ts'ebeletso.
- Semi-synthetic
E emela motsoako oa liminerale (70-75%) le oli ea maiketsetso (ho fihlela ho 30%).
Ntle le oli ea mantlha, sehlahisoa se felileng se kenyelletsa sephutheloana sa li-additives tse lokisang viscosity, detergent, dispersant le thepa e meng ea mokelikeli.
Sebopeho se akaretsang sa maro a motlakase a tlotsang se hlahisoa tafoleng e ka tlase:
| Lihlopha | Liphesente |
| Motheo oa motheo (liparafine tse tletseng, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, linear alkylbenzenes, le esters) |
~ 90% |
| Sephutheloana sa tlatsetso (li-viscosity stabilizers, li-additives tse sireletsang le tsa antioxidant) | Ho fihla ho 10% |
Motsoako oa oli ea enjine ka liperesente
Litaba tsa motheo li fihla ho 90%. Ka tlhaho ea lik'hemik'hale, lihlopha tse latelang tsa metsoako li ka khetholloa:
- Hydrocarbons (li-alkene tse fokolang le li-polymers tse nkhang hamonate tse sa tsitsang).
- Li-ether tse rarahaneng.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Polyisoparafini (li-isomers tsa sebaka sa alkenes ka mokhoa oa polymer).
- Li-polymer tse halogenated.
Lihlopha tse tšoanang tsa metsoako li etsa 90% ka boima ba sehlahisoa se phethiloeng 'me se fana ka litšoaneleho tsa ho tlotsa, ho hloekisa le ho hloekisa. Leha ho le joalo, thepa ea mafura a petroleum ha e finyelle litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ka botlalo. Kahoo, liparafine tse nang le mocheso o phahameng li etsa li-coke deposits holim'a enjene. Li-Ester li kena ka hydrolysis ho etsa asiti, e lebisang ho kutu. Ho kenyelletsa litlamorao tse joalo, ho hlahisoa li-modifiers tse khethehileng.
Sephutheloana sa tlatsetso - sebopeho le litaba
Kabelo ea li-modifiers ho oli ea koloi ke 10%. Ho na le "liphutheloana tse tlatselletsang" tse ngata tse lokiselitsoeng tse kenyelletsang sete ea likarolo ho eketsa litekanyetso tse hlokahalang tsa lubricant. Re thathamisa likamano tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa:
- Calcium alkylsulfonate e boima ba molek'hule ke sesepa. Karolelano: 5%.
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - e sireletsa bokaholimo ba tšepe ho tsoa ho oxidation le tšenyo ea mochini. Litaba: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane - ho tsitsisa mocheso (anti-foam) ho eketsa karolo ea 0,004%
- Polyalkenylsuccinimide ke sehlahisoa se qhalakanyang metsi se eketsoang hammoho le li-anti-corrosion agents ka bongata bo fihlang ho 2%.
- Polyalkyl methacrylates ke li-additives tse sithabetsang tse thibelang pula ea li-polymers ha mocheso o theoha. Karolelano: ka tlase ho 1%.
Hammoho le li-modifiers tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo, oli e phethiloeng ea maiketsetso le ea semi-synthetic e ka 'na ea e-ba le demulsifying, khatello e feteletseng le li-additives tse ling. Liphesente tse felletseng tsa sephutheloana sa li-modifiers ha li fete 10-11%. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meng ea oli ea maiketsetso e lumelloa ho ba le li-additives ho fihlela ho 25%.
