Tšebeliso ea khese ea phetisetso ka har'a mabili ohle

Botumo bo boholo boo li-SUV le li-crossovers li bo fumaneng haufinyane ha se ka tšohanyetso. Ho khanna ka mabili a mane ho fa mokhanni matla a ho khanna ho potoloha toropo le ho feta libakeng tse mpe. Koloi e joalo, nyeoe ea phetisetso e entsoe ka mokhoa oa ho hlokomela ka botlalo melemo ea ho khanna ka mabili ohle.

Sepheo sa nyeoe ea phetisetso

Ka har'a likoloi tsa koloi e le 'ngoe, torque e hlahisoang ke enjene le lebokose la gear le fetotsoeng li fetisetsoa ka ho toba ho mabili a koloi. Haeba koloi e e-na le mabili a mane, bakeng sa tšebeliso e utloahalang ea torque, ho hlokahala hore e ajoe pakeng tsa li-axles tse ka pele le tse ka morao. Ho phaella moo, nako le nako hoa hlokahala ho fetola palo ea torque e fetisetsoang ho axle e itseng nakong ea ho sisinyeha.

Nyeoe ea phetisetso e ikarabella bakeng sa kabo ea matla a enjene pakeng tsa li-axle tse ka pele le tse ka morao. Joalo ka lebokose la li-gear, e khona ho eketsa boleng ba torque ho isa tekanyong e itseng, e bohlokoa haholo ha o tsamaisa koloi maemong a thata a kantle ho tsela.

Ka linako tse ling mochine ona o etsa mesebetsi e khethehileng ho lisebelisoa tse khethehileng (lienjiniere tsa mollo, lisebelisoa tsa temo le tsa kaho). Mosebetsi oa nyeoe ea phetisetso ke ho fetisetsa karolo ea torque ho lisebelisoa tse khethehileng: pompo ea mollo, winch ea cable, mochini oa crane, jj.

Moralo oa moabi

Nyeoe ea phetisetso, eo ka linako tse ling e bitsoang "kesi ea phetisetso", e kentsoe lipakeng tsa li-shafts le lebokose la li-gear tse lebisang ho li-axles. Leha ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea meralo, likarolo tse ling tsa nyeoe ea phetisetso li fumaneha ho mofuta ofe kapa ofe:

1. drive shaft (e fetisetsa torque ho tloha lebokoseng la li-gear ho ea ho nyeoe ea phetisetso);
2. mochine oa ho notlela le phapang ea bohareng;
3. lisebelisoa tsa ho fokotsa lisebelisoa kapa ketane;
4. actuator (ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho bulela senotlolo);
5. li-cardan shafts bakeng sa ho khanna li-axle tse ka pele le tse ka morao;
6. synchronizer e u lumellang hore u bulele mola o ka tlase ha u ntse u tsamaea.

Nyeoe ea phetisetso ke ntlo e kenyelletsang mochini oa ho khanna enjene, 'me li-cardan shafts tse peli li ea pele le li-axle tse ka morao. Moralo oa kesi ea phetisetso e ts'oana le moralo oa lebokose la li-gear: 'mele oa eona ke crankcase e koetsoeng, bate ea oli e fanang ka lubrication ea phapang le mochini oa ho notlela. Ho chencha, sebelisa lere kapa likonopo tse ka kamoreng.

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea nyeoe ea phetisetso

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa nyeoe ea phetisetso ke ho hokahanya kapa ho hakolla e 'ngoe ea marokho. Moralo oa li-SUV tsa khale le literaka tse mabili a mane, torque e lula e fetisetsoa ho axle e ka morao ea koloi. Sebaka se ka pele, e le ho boloka mafura le bophelo ba li-node, se ne se kopantsoe feela ho hlōla likarolo tse thata tsa tsela kapa maemong a thata a litsela (pula, leqhoa, lehloa). Molao-motheo ona o bolokiloe likoloing tsa sejoale-joale, ka phapang e le 'ngoe feela ea hore axle e ka pele e se e le eona e etellang pele.

Phetoho ea torque, kabo ea eona lipakeng tsa li-axle tsohle tsa drive, ke ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea bohlokoahali ea nyeoe ea phetisetso. Phapang e bohareng e aba torque pakeng tsa li-axle tse ka pele le tse ka morao, ha li ntse li ka fumana matla a lekanang (phapang ea symmetrical) kapa e arotsoe ka karolo e itseng (phapang ea asymmetrical).

Phapang e bohareng e lumella li-axle ho potoloha ka lebelo le fapaneng. Sena sea hlokahala ha u khanna litseleng tse katiloeng hantle ho fokotsa ho khathala ha mabili le ho baballa mafura. Nakong eo koloi e tlohang tseleng, 'me u hloka ho sebelisa mabili ohle ka ho fetisisa, senotlolo sa bohareng se kentsoe, li-axle li hokahane ka thata,' me li ka potoloha ka lebelo le le leng feela. Ka lebaka la thibelo ea ho thella, moralo ona o eketsa phallo e kantle ho tsela.

Ho lokela ho totobatsoa hore ts'ebetso ea senotlolo sa phapang e fumaneha feela ka palo e nyane ea linyeoe tsa phetisetso tse kentsoeng ho li-SUV tsa khale, likoloi tse khethehileng le literaka tsa sesole. Li-crossovers tsa parquet le li-SUV tse tloaelehileng mehleng ea rona ha lia etsetsoa ho khanna ka tsela e tebileng joalo, ka hona, e le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, ha li na mosebetsi ona.

Phapang e fapaneng ea bohareng

Linyeoe tsa phetisetso li sebelisa lits'ebetso tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa senotlolo tse kentsoeng likoloing tse nang le makhabane a kantle ho tsela.

Friction clutch ea lipoleiti tse ngata. Mofuta oa sejoale-joale oa senotlolo sa ho fapana ka nyeoeng ea phetisetso. Matla a khatello a laoloang a sete ea li-friction discs tse sebelisoang ka har'a clutch e lumella torque hore e ajoe hammoho le li-axle ho itšetlehile ka maemo a itseng a tsela. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a litsela, li-axles li laeloa ka ho lekana. Haeba e 'ngoe ea li-axles e qala ho thella, li-discs tsa likhohlano lia hatelloa, ka mokhoa o sa fellang kapa o thibela ka ho feletseng phapang ea bohareng. Hona joale axle, e "khomarelang tseleng" ka ho phethahetseng, e fumana torque e eketsehileng ho tloha enjene. Ho etsa sena, actuator e romela taelo ho koloi ea motlakase kapa hydraulic cylinder.

Khokahano e mahlonoko kapa ho kopanngoa ha viscous. Senotlolo sa khale empa se theko e tlase ebile se bonolo ho se sebelisa. E na le sehlopha sa li-discs tse behiloeng ka tlung e tletseng mokelikeli oa silicone. Li-discs li hokahane le li-hubs tsa mabili le matlo a clutch. Ha lebelo la marokho le qala ho fetoha, silicone e fetoha e hlakileng haholoanyane, e thibela li-discs. Mefokolo ea moralo oa khale o kenyelletsa tšekamelo ea ho chesa haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso le ho pepeseha ka nako e sa lebelloang.

Phapang Torsen ka lebaka la matla a eona a fokolang, e sebelisoa ho li-SUV tsa "parquet" le likariki tsa liteishene tse seng tseleng. Joaloka khokahanyo ea viscous, e fetisetsa torque ho shaft e thellang hanyenyane. The Thorsen actuator ha e khone ho tsamaisa e seng ho feta 80% ea ho sutumelletsa ho axle e laetsoeng, ha axle e thellang e tla ba le bonyane 20% ea torque. Moqapi oa phapang o na le lisebelisoa tsa liboko, ka lebaka la ho ferekana ha senotlolo se entsoeng.

Mokhoa oa ho sebetsa nyeoe ea phetiso

Li-SUV tsa khale, literaka le likoloi tse khethehileng hangata li na le "taolo ea "transfer case" ea bukana (mechine). Ho kenya letsoho kapa ho tlosa e 'ngoe ea li-axles, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho ho fapana kapa ho fokotseha, ho sebelisoa lever, hangata e fumanehang mokatong oa cab haufi le lever ea gear. Ho e bulela, ho hlokahala nako le nako ho emisa koloi ka ho feletseng.

Mefuta e menyenyane e na le taolo ea motlakase ea motlakase 'me mekhoa eohle ea ho fetisa e khethiloe ho sebelisoa likonopo holim'a phanele. Haeba "razdatka" e na le synchronizer, ha ho hlokahale hore u emise koloi.

Likoloi tsa morao-rao, ho sebelisoa nyeoe ea phetisetso. Ha ho khethoa mokhoa oa othomathike, komporo e ka har'a board e bona ho thella ha axle ebe e tsamaisa torque hape. Haeba ho hlokahala, kenya senotlolo sa ho fapana. Mokhanni a ka tima automation 'me a etsa mosebetsi oohle ha a ntse a tsamaea. Ha ho lever ea taolo.

Mefuta eohle ea li-crossovers le likariki tsa seteishene li na le mokhoa o ikemetseng oa ho laola linyeoe tsa phetisetso. Mokhanni ha a na monyetla oa ho laola mochine ka boeena, kaha liqeto tsohle li etsoa ke k'homphieutha.