Tšebeliso ea urea ka enjene ea disele

Melao ea sejoale-joale ea tikoloho e beha meeli e tiileng holim'a boleng ba litšila tse tsoang ka har'a likhase tsa enjene ea diesel. Sena se qobella baenjiniere ho batla litharollo tse ncha ho fihlela maemo. E 'ngoe ea tsona e ne e le tšebeliso ea urea bakeng sa peterole ea diesel ho SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) tsamaiso ea morao-rao ea ho ntša metsi. Lienjineri tsa Daimler tse sebelisang theknoloji ena li bitsoa Bluetec.

Sistimi ea SCR ke eng

Protocol ea tikoloho ea Euro 6 esale e sebetsa linaheng tse 28 tsa EU ho tloha 2015. Tlas'a maemo a macha, baetsi ba likoloi tsa diesel ba tlas'a litlhoko tse thata hobane lienjineri tsa diesel li baka tšenyo e kholo tikolohong le bophelo bo botle ba batho ka ho ntša soot le nitrogen oxides sepakapakeng.

Le hoja tšebeliso ea mochine oa motlakase oa litsela tse tharo o lekane ho hloekisa likhase tsa ho tsoa tsa enjene ea peterole, sesebelisoa se rarahaneng haholoanyane bakeng sa ho fokotsa metsoako e chefo ka likhase tsa ho qeta ho hlokahala bakeng sa enjene ea diesel. Bokhoni ba ho hloekisa CO (carbon monoxide), CH (hydrocarbons) le likaroloana tsa soot tse tsoang likhase tsa diesel tsa ho qeta likhase li eketseha ka mocheso o phahameng oa mollo, ha NOx, ho fapana le hoo, e fokotseha. Tharollo ea bothata bona e ne e le ho kenngoa ha SCR catalyst tsamaisong ea ho qeta, e sebelisang urea ea diesel e le motheo oa ho senyeha ha metsoako e chefo ea nitrogen oxide (NOx).

E le ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi, baenjiniere ba thehile mokhoa o khethehileng oa ho hloekisa diesel - Bluetec. Motsoako ona o na le litsamaiso tse tharo tse felletseng, tseo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e sefang metsoako e chefo le ho pshatla metsoako e kotsi ea lik'hemik'hale:

• Catalyst - e fokotsa CO le CH.
• Filter ea Particulate - e tšoasa likaroloana tsa mosili.
• SCR catalytic converter - E fokotsa tlhahiso ea NOx ka urea.

Sistimi ea pele ea ho hloekisa e ile ea sebelisoa literakeng le likoloing tsa Mercedes-Benz. Kajeno, bahlahisi ba bangata ba fetolela likoloi tsa bona tsamaisong e ncha ea ho hloekisa le ho sebelisa urea ka lienjineng tsa diesel ho finyella litlhoko tse thata tsa taolo ea tikoloho.

Urea ea tekheniki AdBlue

Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa metabolism ea mammalian, urea, esale e tsejoa ho tloha lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo. Carbonic acid diomide e entsoe ka metsoako ea tlhaho 'me e sebelisoa haholo temong. Indastering ea likoloi, tharollo ea Adblue technical fluid e le ntho e sebetsang ho hloekisa likhase tse chefo tse tsoang ho nitrogen oxides.

Adblue ke 40% ea urea le 60% ea metsi a hloekisitsoeng. Sebopeho se kenngoa ka har'a tsamaiso ea SCR ka nozzle eo likhase tse tsoang ho eona li fetang. Karabelo ea ho bola e etsahala, moo nitric oxide e oelang ho limolek'hule tsa naetrojene le metsi tse se nang kotsi.

Urea ea tekheniki bakeng sa diesel - Adblue ha e amane le urea urea, e sebelisoang lefapheng la liindasteri tsa temo le pharmacology.

Edblue ka enjene ea disele

Sistimi ea exhaust aftertreatment system, kapa SCR converter, ke sistimi e koetsoeng eo mosi oa disele o se nang mosi o phallang. Mokelikeli oa Adblue o tšeloa ka tanka e ikemetseng ebe o kenngoa ka har'a pipe ea ho qeta ka tekanyo e lekantsoeng pele o kena ka converter.

Khase e tsoakiloeng e kena karolong ea SCR neutralization, moo lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li etsahalang ho senya nitric oxide ka litšenyehelo tsa ammonia ka urea. Ha li kopane le nitric oxide, limolek'hule tsa ammonia li e arola likarolo tse se nang kotsi ho batho le tikolohong.

Ka mor'a potoloho e feletseng ea ho hloekisa, palo e fokolang ea lintho tse silafatsang e hlahisoa sepakapakeng, parameter ea tlhahiso e lumellana le melaoana ea Euro-5 le Euro-6.

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea tlhoekiso ea diesel exhaust

Sistimi e felletseng ea kalafo ea enjene ea diesel e na le converter ea catalytic, filthara ea likaroloana le sistimi ea SCR. Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa ka mekhahlelo:

1. Likhase tsa mouoane li kena ka har'a sesebelisoa sa catalytic le filthara ea likaroloana. Soot e ea tlhotloa, likaroloana tsa mafura lia chesoa, ebe ho ntšoa carbon monoxide le hydrocarbon.
2. Ente e sebelisetsoa ho kenya palo e itseng ea AdBlue ho hokahanya pakeng tsa diesel particulate filter le SCR catalytic converter. Limolek'hule tsa Urea li senyeha ho ba ammonia le isocyanic acid.
3. Ammonia e kopana le nitrogen oxide, karolo e kotsi ka ho fetisisa ea mafura a diesel a sebelisitsoeng. Limolek'hule li arohane, tse lebisang ho thehoeng ha metsi le naetrojene. Likhase tse se nang kotsi tsa mosi o ntšang kotsi li lokolloa sepakapakeng.

Sebopeho sa urea bakeng sa disele

Leha ho na le bonolo bo hlakileng ba mokelikeli oa enjine ea dizeli, ha ho khonehe ho itokisetsa urea ka bouena u sebelisa manyolo a manyolo. Foromo ea molek'hule ea urea (NH2) 2CO, ka 'mele ke kristale e tšoeu e sa nkhang hamonate, e qhibilihang ka metsing le li-solvents tsa polar (liquid ammonia, methanol, chloroform, joalo-joalo).

Bakeng sa 'maraka oa Europe, mokelikeli ona o hlahisoa tlas'a tsamaiso ea VDA (German Automobile Industry Association), e fanang ka mangolo a tumello ho lik'hamphani tsa tlhahiso, tseo tse ling tsa tsona li fanang ka mokelikeli bakeng sa' maraka oa malapeng.

Naheng ea Russia, ho etsa maiketsetso tlas'a lebitso la AdBlue ho feta 50%. Kahoo, ha u reka urea bakeng sa enjene ea diesel e entsoeng Russia, u lokela ho tataisoa ke letšoao "ISO 22241-2-2009 Compliance".

Melemo le Boipheliso

Melemo ea ho sebelisa urea e hlakile - feela ka reagent ena tsamaiso ea phekolo ea khase ea SCR e ka sebetsang ka botlalo le ho finyella litlhoko tsa Euro 6 Standard.

Ntle le ho sireletsa tikoloho, melemo ea tlhoekiso ea urea e kenyelletsa lintlha tse latelang:

• tšebeliso ea eona bakeng sa likoloi ke 100 g feela ka 1000 km;
• tsamaiso ea SCR e kopantsoe le likoloi tsa kajeno tsa diesel;
• linaheng tse ling lekhetho la tšebeliso ea koloi le fokotseha haeba ho kentsoe mokhoa oa ho hloekisa urea, ’me ha ho kotsi ea ho lefisoa.

Ka bomalimabe, tsamaiso e boetse e na le mefokolo:

• ntlha ea leqhoa ea urea e ka bang -11 °C;
• tlhokahalo ea ho tlatsa mafura kamehla;
• theko ea koloi ea eketseha;
• palo e kholo ea mokelikeli oa Adblue oa bohata;
• litlhoko tse eketsehileng tsa boleng ba mafura;
• tokiso e theko e boima ea likarolo tsa sistimi.

Sistimi e kopaneng ea ho hloekisa urea e hahiloeng ka har'a likoloi tsa diesel e ntse e le eona feela tsela ea ho fokotsa mesi e chefo. Mathata a ts'ebetso, litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa li-reagents tsa literaka, mokelikeli oa boleng bo tlaase le mafura a disele a bolela hore bakhanni ba bangata ba khetha ho tima tsamaiso le ho kenya li-emulators.

Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore urea e ntse e le eona feela lik'hemik'hale tsa diesel tse thibelang ho lokolloa ha nitric oxide tikolohong, e leng se ka lebisang ho kankere.