Ho Utloisisa Fuel Cell Vehicles
Baqapi ba li-EV hangata ba batla tlhahiso e tlase ha e bapisoa le likoloi tse tloaelehileng tsa enjene e tukang ka hare (ICE). Likoloi tse ngata tsa peterole li ithorisa ka hore ha li ntše letho—li ntša metsi le mocheso feela. Koloi ea mafura e ntse e le koloi ea motlakase (EV) empa e sebelisa khase ea hydrogen ho matlafatsa koloi ea eona ea motlakase. Ho e-na le betri, likoloi tsena li sebelisa "fuel cell" e kopanyang haedrojene le oksijene ho hlahisa motlakase, e leng eona e matlafatsang enjene ebe e ntša likhase tsa ho ntša metsi tse sa silafatsang tikoloho feela.
Ho hlahisoa ha haedrojene e sebelisoang ho besa koloi ho fella ka tšilafalo e itseng ea khase e futhumatsang lefatše ha e fumanoa khase ea tlhaho, empa tšebeliso ea eona likoloing tsa mafura a mafura e fokotsa haholo khase e akaretsang. Hangata ho nkoang e le koloi e hloekileng ea nako e tlang, baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba kang Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai le Toyota ba se ba ntse ba fana ka likoloi tsa lisele tsa mafura, ha tse ling li le boemong ba maikutlo. Ho fapana le likoloi tsa motlakase, tseo libeteri tsa tsona tse rarahaneng li behang lithibelo tse itseng tsa moralo, likoloi tsa mafura li na le monyetla oa ho nka sebaka sa mefuta eohle ea moetsi.
Ho utloisisa hamolemo likoloi tsa hydrogen fuel cell, bona hore na li bapisoa joang le lienjineri tse tloaelehileng tse tukang, likoloi tsa motlakase le li-hybrids mabapi le ho phahamisa le ho fapana, phello ea tikoloho le ho khona ho e reka.
Refueling le polokelo ea matla
Leha palo ea liteishene tsa ho tlatsa e fokotsehile hajoale, likoloi tsa hydrogen fuel cell li tlatsitsoe ka tsela e ts'oanang le ea likoloi tsa ICE. Litsi tsa ho tlatsa haedrojene li rekisa haedrojene e hatelletsoeng e tlatsang koloi ka metsotso e seng mekae. Nako ea sebele ea ho tlatsa mafura e itšetlehile ka khatello ea haedrojene le mocheso oa tikoloho, empa hangata ha e fete metsotso e leshome. Likoloi tse ling tsa motlakase li nka nako e telele ho tjhaja hape ha li fihlelle mofuta o tšoanang le oa likoloi tse tloaelehileng.
Ha e le sebakeng se feletseng, koloi ea mafura e tšoana le likoloi tsa peterole le tsa diesel, tse tsamaeang lik'hilomithara tse 200-300 ho tloha tefiso e feletseng. Joaloka likoloi tsa motlakase, li ka boela tsa tima peterole ho boloka matla maboneng a sephethephethe kapa sephethephetheng. Mefuta e meng e kenyelletsa braking e nchafatsang ho khutlisa matla a lahlehileng le ho boloka betri e qosoa. Mabapi le mafura le mefuta e fapaneng, likoloi tsa lisele tsa mafura li otla sebaka se monate ka mefuta e meng e nyalisitsoeng e tsamaeang ka betri le/kapa matla a enjine ho latela maemo a ho khanna. Li kopanya tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ICE le likoloi tsa motlakase tse nang le li-refueling tse potlakileng, mefuta e atolositsoeng le mekhoa ea ho boloka matla.
Ka bomalimabe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho na le mefuta e mengata hakae le ho tlatsa mafura ka potlako, palo ea liteishene tsa ho tlatsa haedrojene e lekanyelitsoe litoropong tse seng kae tse kholo-haholo-holo libakeng tsa California tsa San Francisco le Los Angeles. Lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja le ho tlatsa mafura li ntse li sebetsa ho fihlela tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha, empa e ntse e e-na le ho hongata hoo e ka finyellang palo ea liteishene tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase, le ho feta moo, sebaka sa liteishene tsa ho tlatsa.
Kameho ea tikoloho
Ka likoloi tsa setso, likoloi tsa motlakase le likoloi tsa mafura, ho na le lipuisano tse tsoelang pele le matšoenyeho mabapi le liphello tsa nako e telele tsa tikoloho. Likoloi tse tsamaeang ka peterole li hlahisa palo e kholo ea mesi, ha likoloi tsa motlakase tse tsamaisoang ke betri li etsa sebaka se hlokomelehang nakong ea tlhahiso.
Haedrojene e sebelisoang likoloing tsa lisele tsa mafura e fumanoa haholo khase ea tlhaho. Khase ea tlhaho e kopana le mocheso o phahameng, mouoane oa khatello e phahameng ho etsa haedrojene. Ts'ebetso ena, e bitsoang steam-methane reforming, e hlahisa carbon dioxide, empa ka kakaretso e nyenyane ha e bapisoa le likoloi tsa motlakase, tse nyalisitsoeng le tsa mesaletsa ea khale.
Hobane likoloi tsa peterole li fumaneha hangata California, mmuso o hloka hore bonyane liperesente tse 33 tsa khase ea haedrojene e kentsoeng koloing e tsoe mehloling e ka nchafatsoang.
Ho fumaneha le likhothatso
Likoloi tsa mafura li fana ka melemo e mengata mabapi le ts'ebetso ea mafura le phello ea tikoloho. Ba tlala kapele mme ba na le tlholisano e fapaneng le likoloi tsa ICE. Leha ho le joalo, ho li hira kapa ho li reka ho ja chelete e ngata, joalo ka mafura a tsona a hydrogen. Baetsi ba bangata ba lefella litšenyehelo tsa mafura ka nako e lekanyelitsoeng ho fokotsa theko e phahameng, ka tšepo ea hore litšenyehelo tsa koloi le mafura li tla theoha ha nako e ntse e ea.
California, naha e nang le lisebelisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, leha e le tse nyane, tsa li-fuel cell, li ne li fumaneha. Ho qala ka Hlakola 2016, California e ile ea fana ka litheolelo ho likoloi tsa peterole ho ipapisitsoe le boteng ba lichelete. Sena e ne e le karolo ea khothatso ea 'muso ea ho hlahisa likoloi tse hloekileng litseleng. Ho fumana theolelo, beng ba likoloi tsa peterole ba tlameha ho etsa kopo ea koloi ea bona. Beng ba matlo le bona ba tla fuoa setikara se ba fang monyetla oa ho kena litseleng tsa High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV).
Likoloi tsa mafura e ka ba koloi e sebetsang ea hosane. Le hoja litšenyehelo le boteng ba liteishene tsa ho tjhaja li ntse li khutlisa tlhokahalo hona joale, monyetla oa ho ba teng hohle le ho khanna ka tsela e nepahetseng e ntse e le teng. Li shebahala li bile li sebetsa joalo ka likoloi tse ling tse ngata tseleng - u ke ke ua fumana lintho tse makatsang ka mor'a lebili - empa li fana ka maikutlo a monyetla oa ho khanna matla a hloekileng hohle haufinyane.
