Ho fanyeha Pilot / Adampive Damping: Ts'ebetso

Ka mekhoa eohle e reretsoeng ho ntlafatsa le ho phethahatsa ho emisoa ha likoloi tsa rona, ho na le ho hong ho ka lahlehang ... Mona re tla bona seo ho thoeng ke ho emisa ho laoloa (kapa ho feto-fetoha) ho bolelang, tsamaiso e atileng ho feta ho emisa ka mafolofolo (pneumatic). , hydropneumatic kapa even hydraulic with Mercedes' ABC suspension) hobane e theko e tlase ho e hlahisa.

Hantle-ntle, e ka ba ho nepahetseng haholoanyane ho bua ka damping e laoloang hobane ke li-piston tse ts'oarellang tse tlas'a taolo mona, eseng ho emisoa (liliba). Leha ho le joalo, ka ho tseba hore li-absorbers tse "laolang" ho emisoa (lebelo la ho tsamaea ho tloha holimo ho ea tlaase), re ka bua ka mokhoa o sa tobang hore ke ho emisoa ho laoloang ... Ba se nang tsebo e ngata ka ho emisoa ba tlameha ho ea sheba mona. .

Hape hlokomela hore damping e laoloang e ka kenngoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho emisoa ha moea, le hore hangata sena se etsahala ka holimo ho marang-rang. Ka hona, litsamaiso tsena tse peli ha li hanyetsane (li-spneumatic springs le controlled shock absorbers) kaha li ka sebetsa 'moho 'me e mong le e mong a na le karolo e fapaneng.

Khopotso e nyane mabapi le hore na ntho e nyarosang ke eng

Sesenyi ke piston e entsoeng ka likamore tse peli tse tletseng oli. Tsena li buisana ka li-orifices tse nyane / likanale tseo oli e ka potolohang ho tsona (ho tloha phaposing e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe).

Karolo ea bona ke ho lekanya lebelo la ho tsamaea ha lisebelisoa tsa ho matha, hobane selemo ha se mohlala sebakeng sena ... Ka hona, ho tlameha ho utloisisoa hore ha ba jare (ho emisa) koloi empa ba sebetsa e le mapolesa ka lebelo. tsa maeto.

Ha re nke mohlala o bonolo: pompo ea baesekele. Ea ho qetela e entsoe ka likarolo tse peli tse lutseng joaloka piston. Kahoo ke khona ho ea pele le morao ntle le bothata leha e le bofe, joalo ka ntho e ts'oarellang. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ke batla ho potlakisa lebelo, kea hlokomela hore nke ke ka tsamaea kapele hobane ho ntse ho nka nako e seng kae hore moea o tsoe (ketsahalo e bohlokoa haholo ha ke butsoela lebili la ka). Kahoo ho na le khanyetso e nyenyane e hlahang ha ke qala ho tsamaea ka potlako ho ea pele le ho ea pele.

Hantle, "shock absorber" e etsa ntho e tšoanang ntle le hore mona, tabeng ea li-absorbers tse laoloang, ho hanyetsa ho ka fetoloa. A re shebeng mekhoa e meng e u lumellang ho etsa sena.

Ho emisoa ho tsamaisoang ke mofofisi ho ka etsa eng, hona ho etsang?

Ntle le ho khona ho fetola maemo a ho emisa 'me ka hona ea fetola boiketlo, sistimi ea elektroniki e nka monyetla oa ho ea hole haholo ... ho ka etsahala ho lintho tse ngata ...

Mona ke tsa mantlha:

• Ha e khumama, khakanyo ea ho fanyeha e ba thata lehlakoreng le leng le ho thulana e le ho fokotsa ho sithabetsoa ha koloi litshehetsong tsa eona. Ka lebaka leo, koloi e tla tloaela ho fokotsa sekontiri se metsi le moqolo.
• Litseleng tse senyehileng, tsamaiso e nolofatsa le ho thatafatsa ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e monyang ho sisinyeha ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka motsotsoana. Ka lebaka leo, ka lebaka la k'homphieutha, lintho tse thibelang ho sisinyeha li lokisoa ha ntsintsi e le ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha le ho sisinyeha ha 'mele ho ea holimo le tlaase. Ho feta moo, ho etsoa tsohle ho boloka koloi ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ka sephetho se tummeng sa Skyhook.
• Polokeho ea eketseha ha ho ka ba le mekhoa ea ho qoba ka tšohanyetso. ESP le ABS ba sebetsa le ho fanyeha ho ntšetsa pele ntlafatso ea tsela eo koloi e tla itšoara ka eona. Ka hona sistimi e etsa hore ho khonehe ho fetola molao oa damping ho latela boemo ba khatello ea maikutlo ea piston. Haeba, ka mohlala, ke haufi le setopong, ho ka ba molemo hore damping e tiee le ho feta. Ka bokhutšoanyane, tsoelo-pele ea damping e ka fetoloa le ho laoloa ho fofa, ho latela maemo le boemo ba ho felisoa ha ho emisoa. Joale re sebetsana le ho fanyeha ka bohlale ho arabelang ho latela moelelo oa taba, eseng sesebelisoa se sa sebetseng seo kamehla se arabelang ka tsela e ts'oanang ho sa tsotellehe maemo.

mehlala

Hang ha lebili le leng le "otla" ho se phethahale, sistimi e itšoara ka kotara ea motsotsoana ho ikamahanya le maemo a "absorber shock". Mona, sistimi e nolofalletsa ts'ebelisong ea ts'oaetso e le hore o utloe o le tlase haholo. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ea morao-rao e le kholo haholo, monyaolo o tla thatafala pele o ka emisa setopong. Koloi e ntse e tla sisinyeha, empa ha ho na khetho ea 'nete haeba u batla ho qoba ho roba ho hong.

Sisteme ea damping e laoloang ka matla a khoheli

U tla be u utloisisitse, sepheo mona ke ho khona ho fetola khanyetso ea leeto la piston ea ho tsieleha ka ho fetola phallo ea oli e tlohang holimo ho ea tlase. Ha re e fokotsa ho feta, ho omella le ho feta.

Mona, baenjiniere ba ne ba le bohlale haholo (joalo ka ha ba atisa ho ba joalo) kaha ba ne ba e-na le mohopolo oa ho eketsa likaroloana tsa makenete ho oli. Ka lebaka la li-electromagnets ( makenete e sebelisoang ke motlakase) e behiloeng likanaleng tsa potoloho, lebelo la phallo le ka fetoloa. Ha lero le ntse le le teng, ke matla a makenete, a tla ba le tšusumetso e matla ho likaroloana tse teng tse emisitsoeng ka oli. Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša sena.

Ho tsamaellana ha likaroloana tsa matla a khoheli ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho thibela liphaephe ho isa tekanyong e nyane kapa e nyane, ka hona ho etsa hore piston e be thata kapa e be thata ho latela maeto.

E sebetsang damping sistimi ke belofo

Molao-motheo o ts'oana ntle le hore mona ha re fetole ho phalla ha metsi ka lebaka la likaroloana tsa tšepe. Ha e le hantle, ke feela taba ea ho laola li-valve tse nyenyane tse behiloeng likanaleng tsa potoloho. Ka hona ke taba ea ho bula kapa ho koala lipompo tse nyane ho feta kapa hanyane.

Ho na le lipehelo tse 'maloa, joalo ka kamehla ...

Lebelo la phallo le etsoa ke lekareche le ka letsohong le letšehali. Karolo e 'ngoe ea oli e feta ho eona' me e lekane ho kopanya tsamaiso ea li-valve ho fetola lebelo leo oli e ka fetang ka lona ho tloha tlaase ho ea holimo.

Lekhetlong lena li-valve li kopantsoe le piston ea absorber e makatsang. Kea u hopotsa hore li laoloa ke elektroniki leha sena se sa bontšoe ka ho hlaka setšoantšong.

Litaba tsa hau tse tlalehiloeng

Bopaki ke bona bo nkiloeng ka boiketsetso ho tsoa ho maikutlo a ngotsoeng maqepheng a liteko a sebaka seo.

Ford Mondeo 3 (2007-2014)

2.0 TDCI 163 hp manual gearbox 6, titanium, 268000 kms, 2010, 17 ″ rims alloy, sunroof, GPS, touchscreen. : makala a nyarosang E rekoa ka lik'hilomithara tse 268000, motsoako oa ente e hlephileng, ho nkela manonyeletso a 4 sebaka, ke nka monyetla ona ho tsosolosa kabo e feletseng ka pompo ea metsi, hammoho le lebanta la lisebelisoa le li-roller. , hammoho le phetoho ea oli, bakeng sa 1200 €, ka bothata bo boholo ba ho ntša ente, ke fumana sekoloto se utloahala haholo. makala a nyarosang e ne e lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke morekisi, karache, empa e se na phumaneho, ke tšepa hore o tla boloka lentsoe la hae.makala a nyarosang qhekelloa

Audi A7 (2010-2017)

2.0 TFSI 252ch S-tronic box, 27.000 kms, 12/2017, 255 R18, SLINE : ho fanyehas pilot - ke ile ka tlameha ho fetola 2 ho fanyehaka morao kamora 30.000 km (ka 06/2021, lilemo tse fetang tse tharo kamora ho reka) hobane li se li le bobebe (molaetsa o bontšitsoe: koloi e tlase haholo. Thibelo e thibetsoeng ea mobu)

DS DS7 Crossback (2018)

2.0 BlueHDI 180 hp 100000 : Ke na le DS1 e ntjha e 7 eo jwale e nang le 100000 kms mme ke mathata feela haesale ho reka 😡 Bothata ba khamera, ho dutla ha metsi, racket kick with controlled shock absorber Na o na le mabitso a kopanetsweng Kea leboha

Renault Talisman (2015)

1.6 dCi 160 ch EDC Initiale Paris Gris Cassiopée - 2016 - 100km : o HS betri ka mor'a lilemo tse 3 -> Tšebeliso ea theknoloji ea EFB ho e-na le AGM ha koloi e ntse e fumana matla a kinetic ha e qhoma. o Phoso e fosahetseng ea lumbar ka mor'a lilemo tse 3 o seipone sa ka morao se ka morao se ikamahanyang le sona ka mokhoa o ke keng oa sebelisoa oa ho khutlisa hammoho le ts'ebetso ea memori. armrest lock e robehile ka mor'a lilemo tse 4 o Setulo sa mokhanni se hatella setsing se bohareng se etsang hore letlalo le apare ha setulo sa bapalami se arohane le console.

BMW 4 Series (2013-2020)

435i 306 ch XDRIVE M SPORT BVA8 Steptronic 98000km 2014 : - Lerata le ka morao le letona karolong e ka tlaase ea koloi ka li-deformation tse nyenyane tse tseleng, joalo ka boloko bo khutsitseng (eseng ka esele ka mohlala) ha ho mohla e kileng ea rarolloa ke BMW ka maeto a 3 - Multimedia tsamaiso e hlōleha nako le nako ha senotlolo sa USB e behiloe (haholo ka tšohanyetso) - Leseli le ka morao, sehokelo se chesa khafetsa, lefu le tsejoang ho tloha ha BMW e rekisa KIT bakeng sa li-euro tse 10 ho lokisa sehokelo - E hula ka mokhoa o feteletseng ho ea ka ho le letona, bothata ho fanyeha pilots + Xdrive, ntle le tharollo

Renault Megane 3 (2008-2015)

1.2 TCE 130 ch Manual Gearbox 6, 56000 kms, 2014, Estate, Bose qeta 1.2 TCE 130 Eco2 : Megane 3 Estate 1.2 TCe 130 ea Loetse 2014. => Le ka mohla oli e se sebelisoe hofeta ka li-km tsa 56000, empa lintho tse ling tse ngata tse amanang le taba ea ho hloleha ha enjene - 01/2015 - 4 kms - Phatlalatso ea bothata ba ho thothomela ho pota 299 rpm ka phepelo ea khase

>> Phetolo ea Gearbox = Ha e rarolloe

- 02/2016 - ~ 21 Kms - Re tsitlallela ho fumana tharollo. Ho fihla ha "litsebi" ho tloha setulong ho ea leka koloi. Ho ea ka bona e tsoa ho ho fanyehas… ke motlae oa sebele! >> Ho fetisetsa koloi bencheng e matla ho leka ho fumana hore na lerata le tsoa kae >> Phetolo ea Piloted DumpValve = Ha e rarolloe

>> Tsela ea koloi bencheng ka matla ho leka ho fumana hore na lerata le tsoa kae >> Phetolo ea DumpValve e laoloang = Ha e rarolloe

>> Phetoho ea Chain + Tensioner Kit = Ha ho slamming kapa vibrations - 06/2017 - ~ 33 Kms - Li-vibrations tse ncha tse pota-potileng 000 rpm, empa ha ho slamming - 3000/04 - 2018 43 Kms - Khutlela khoebong ea likoloi e ncha ea slamming ea nako >> Replacement of Chain + Tensioner Kit = Ha ho slamming empa ho sisinyeha ho ntse ho le teng - 921/09 - 2018 50 Kms - Tšebeletso lebenkeleng le eketsang oli e ngata haholo (653 limilimithara ho feta boholo ha ho bata)> > Kopo ea ho tlosoa ha oli e feteletseng - 3/04 - ~ 2019 kms - Lebone la temoso la "Engine Breakdown Risk" le nang le pipette ea oli ha lebelo la enjene le bolokoa ka holimo ho 55 rpm ka metsotso e 'maloa. >> Reprogramming ka RENAULT = Ha e rarolloe

Alfa Romeo Julia (2016)

2.0 Turbo 280 hp : Ho hloleha ha ho fanyeha pilot sena se tla etsa makhetlo a 2 ka lilemo tse 2

Renault Megane 3 (2008-2015)

1.2 TCE 130 ch EDC - Bose - 2015 - 80 km A: Enjene e nkeloe sebaka ke lik'hilomithara tse 37, tšebeliso ea oli e phahameng haholo, lerata le tlase la kabo. 000% e tšehelitsoe ke Renault le 90% ke morekisi moo ke sa tsoa e reka likhoeling tse 10 tse fetileng. Betri e tsoa ka mor'a ho khanna 1 km tseleng ea makoloi. Hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba taolo ea elektronike ea jenereithara. Lerata la moea le tsoang ho phallo ea khase le leqhoa la condenser ka mor'a lihora tse 'maloa tsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele. Ha ho na tharollo ... Ka mor'a ho nkela enjene sebaka, li-sensor tsa ho paka pele hangata li sebetsa ntle le lebaka. E rarollotsoe ka mor'a ho hlahloba borali. E tlameha ebe e ne e kopane ka phoso ha enjene e nkeloa sebaka. Mapetso a lehlakoreng le letšehali la setulo sa mokhanni ke bothata bo tloaelehileng ka mokhoa ona oa letlalo oa maiketsetso ...

BMW X3 (2010-2017)

35d 313 hp BVA 8, 95000km, selemo: Tšitoe 2011, Sport Design e qeta ka ho emisoa ka liteko, Tsamaiso ea lipapali e nang le phokotso e fapaneng. : Sekoli sa moralo (kapa kaho) se ama rack ea ho tsamaisa e seng e nketsoe sebaka ka makhetlo a 4. Koloi ea ka hajoale ha e na matla mohoebi ea e phatlalalitseng e "kotsi", e emetse qeto e tsoang ho moetsi. Ha o lebile phetohong ea bo-5 ea rack?… Ka 65000km, koloi e ile ea hlophisoa bocha tlas'a taolo ea tekheniki 25% ea katleho ea AVD (e lekiloeng) e monyelletsang ho sisinyeha. Ho nkeloa sebaka ha makala a nyarosang Ho fihlela ts'ebetso ea moetsi, ke hlakisa hore litokiso tsena kaofela li nkuoe ka 100% ke BMW (likarolo le basebetsi) ka phepelo ea mahala ea koloi e nchafatsoang; esita le ka nqane ho nako ea waranti ea molao (le katoloso ho isa ho lilemo tse 4 tseo ke neng ke li ngolisitse) hobane mathata a hlahile ha X3 ea ka e fihla ho 20000km feela… Kajeno ke emetse tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ea tekhenoloji ea BMW bakeng sa tokiso ea hoqetela kapa ho nkela sebaka se hlakileng sa koloi eo ke lahlehetsoeng ke botshepehi ka yona. Ke posteriori ke thothomela ka morao mohopolong oa ho khanna ka 240 km / h litseleng tse kholo tsa Jeremane likhoeli tse 'maloa pele ke tsebisoa hore tsela eo koloi ea ka e tsamaeang ka eona e kotsi. moetsi, ke rerile ho fumana thuso ho makhotla ... "Monate oa ho khanna", lepetjo la mofuta oa propeller, e ne e le sieo ka lebaka la litšitiso tse pheta-phetoang tse lebisang ho maeto a sa feleng a likopano empa hape le tahlehelo ea 'nete Monyaka ke o mong oa "matheba a matsho" a mantlha a koloi ena le

Skoda Superb (2015)

2.0 TDI 190 hp dsg 185000 km Nov 2015 setaele; Tšebeliso ea tekesi ea Parisian : Starter at 70000 km flying engine at 120000 km engine light on fap ho fetola hoo e ka bang 3000 euros ea khakanyo ea betri le likhutlo tse tharo tsa ho fanyehamafura a tsamaisang pompo ea mafura li-euro tse 1600 likarolong tse ling tse fanang ka tšehetso ea enjene ea li-euro tse 1000 ka lehlakoreng le khutsitseng la setulo sa bolulo ka tlamo ea ho qhaqha setuloana sa li-euro tse 700 tsa mochini o monyako o ka morao oa letsoho kahare o robehileng (mohala ha o rekisoe ka tlamo ea ho rekisa fetola phanele ea mamati ka hare ho 600-700 li-euro) 4 makala a nyarosang Ho lekoa ho fetotsoe hobane ba ne ba baleha li-euro tse 1500 ho isa ho 2000 ka litšenyehelo

BMW 5 Series (2010-2016)

520d 184 hp Auto box year 2011 17 ″ lirime tsa ho etela 210000kms : Ntle le faele ea ho fanyehaka morao, ha ho na mathata ntle le bothata ba ho bula kutu e netefalitsoeng (2x) ho fanyehamabili a kotsi (lik'hilomithara tse ling le tse ling tse 90000, mesamo ea phatloha) Ena ke bothata ba moaho boo moetsi a sa batleng ho bo amohela. Lekhetlo la pele le ile la nkeloa sebaka ka waranti ka mor'a hore ke phatlohe ka tsela e telele ho 200km / h !!! E makatsa ka ho ts'oanang. Ho ne ho e-na le likoloi tse ts'oanang tse 8 tse nang le ts'enyo e tšoanang e emetseng likarolo (tse felileng setokong) lebenkeleng. 90000kms hamorao, ditto, empa o khanna ka bonolo. Sena ha se amohelehe.

Mercedes GLC (2015)

350e Hybride 320 ch 02/2017 8000 kms : tlhokomeliso ea betri ka 7800 km ho karolo ea sesebelisoa ebe ha e khone ho qala bocha bakeng sa hora ea 1/2 Ntle ho pelaelo kokoanyana ea software. Qhaqha ho fanyeha ka morao letsohong le letšehali (ntle ho pelaelo ho fanyeha lebili le lekiloeng) le nyametse kamora lik'hilomithara tse 7000

BMW X5 (2000-2007)

3.0 d 218 ch BVA 135000 KM FIN 2006 Likhetho tse felletseng : ho fanyehas lekoa. Elektroniki. Letsatsi. Ho nkha peterole ka phapusing ea baeti

Peugeot 407 (2004-2010)

2.7 HDI V6 204 hp 30/2008, 102000km, Féline : sefofu se secha bakeng sa marulelo a panoramic (68000km), sensor ea khatello ea pneumatic (69000 km), yuniti ea li-air conditioning tse peli (75000km), ka bobeli ho fanyehas e khannoang ka morao (90000km), MP3 e fosahetseng (90000km), lebanta la tensioner roller (92000km), polaka e phatsimang e robehileng hloohong ea silindara nakong ea sebaka sa bona (100000km) mme qetellong enjene ea 102000km e sa laolehe, khakanyo ea enjine ea 9000 € HT le ntle le mosebetsi oa matsoho !!!! mme ha ho mohla ho kileng ha nka karolo ho tsoa ho Peugeot leha ho hlokomeloa khafetsa ho barekisi !!!!

Mercedes CLS (2004-2010)

55 AMG 476 ch 110000, 2005, AMG : 55 AMG ke enjene e matla haholo eo ke e lokiselitseng hape ho 540hp le lebelo le sa lekanyetsoang mme ha ho na mathata a ho tlaleha, ke moea o moholo oa ntlha e ntšo ea mofuta ona oa koloi (the ho fanyeha e khannoang le litšitiso tsa eona), empa moetsong ona bothata bo hlile bo utloahala ho pota 150km mme hajoale ke se ke ntse ke e-na le matšoao a mokhathala. Braking e matla ebile e tšoarella nako e telele (tseleng), empa ho e nkela sebaka ho hloka bonyane ba li-euro tse 000. Lithaere li fetoloa kamora 'ho khanna ka lipapali 2000km.

Peugeot 407 coupe (2005-2011)

2.0 HDI 163 170000, 2010, GT : tlokotsi ho hlahlojoa (tlasa waranti)

Audi Q7 (2006-2014)

6.0 TDI 500 hp 110000, 2008, AVUS : Ntlafatso e nyane ea lebokose, tlhokomelo e phahameng ea tloaelo, ho fanyeha mofofisi oa sefofane ea utloang bohloko.

Mercedes ML 2 2005-2011

63 AMG 510 ch 143000, 2008, 63 AMG : lebokose la gear la 7G le na le bothata ba ho fumana lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tseleng ea makoloi (torque e tlameha ho ba holimo haholo bakeng sa lebokose la gear) le bofokoli bona ba ho fanyeha Ho lekoa ho fanang ka moea o ka bang 120km sekoli se tsebahalang se nang le phello e nyane ho bajete ea tlhokomelo (ho bala ho feta 000 euro ntle le MO), 2000 AMG e hloka letsoho ho e boloka ho fapana le 63 AMG.

Audi A4 (2001-2007)

RS4 420 hp 86000, 2007, RS4 Avant : Ho koaloa ha lihlooho tsa silindara ka lebaka la ente e otlolohileng e nyenyefatsang matla (hoo e ka bang 20% ​​tahlehelo ea RS4 ha e fumanehe hangata ho feta 380hp ea mantlha!), Bothata ba phetisetso ea letsoho, se fetisang le seamohelang, ho lutla ho 'maloatlokotsi DRC e laoloang (taolo e matla ea ho palama), makala a nyarosang ho senyeha habonolo ha ho khanna lipapali (li-euro tse 2260 bakeng sa makala a nyarosang tsoa MO)

BMW 5 Series (2003-2010)

525d 177 hp 128000 kms, 2005, Excellis : Mathata a maholo a 3 a kopaneng le 90000 kms 1- HS damper pulley (hs air conditioner lebanta, hs alternator lebanta) ho 111000 km, le ho hloleha ha koloi e sa tsamaeeng ha u khutla phomolong. Litšenyehelo 1400 € ka phetoho ea betri. 2- Compressor of ho fanyeha morao (Mohlala oa ho etela E61) ho 121000kms. Koloi ea bilika empa ka lebelo le tlase haholo (ho feta ho fanyeha) Litjeo tsa 1000 € 3- CCC HS module ho 126000 kms (e laola radio, k'homphieutha e ka sekepeng, GPS, jj…). Koloi e ka thelloha empa ea fokotsoa… Litšenyehelo li sebetsoa…

Maikutlo kaofela le likarabelo

qetela ho hlahisa maikutlo:

luckygkiller (Letsatsi: 2020, 11:02:17)

Ho joang

Ke na le ho tlanya bohareng ba khokahano ea audi RS6 2015 560hp ha ke potlakisa ka tšohanyetso.

Ho tlanya hona qetellong ho ile ha mpefatsa setsi sa ho khanna se bohareng seo ke ileng ka se nkela sebaka empa ho tlanya hona ho ntse ho tsoela pele mme ke nahana hore drivehaft e tla senya hape.

Leha ho le joalo, ha e matla hakaalo kaha ke fetotse lirimi tsa ka tse nang le mabili a ka a mariha.

Bothata bo kanna ba hlaha ka ho emisoa ho lekiloeng 'me ho tla tsejoa ho RS6….

O ka fana ka leseli?

Kea leboha.

Luka

Il J. 5 karabelo (s) ho maikutlo ana:

(Poso ea hau e tla bonahala tlasa maikutlo ka mor'a netefatso)

Ngola maikutlo

Na u rata ho thibela likoloi ka lebelo la 130 km / h?