Ho emisoa ha koloi: sesebelisoa, molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso
Ho emisoa ha koloi ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea chassis. Sepheo sa eona se seholo ke sehokelo se hokahanyang tsela, mabili le 'mele. Hape re ka khetholla mesebetsi e meraro eo ho emisoa ho e etsang, 'me ho sa tsotellehe hore na re bua ka mofuta ofe oa koloi - koloi ea mabelo, sethuthuthu, koloi ea mehleng e bohareng:
- ho hokahanya ha mabili le 'mele;
- ho monya ho thothomela ho bakoang ke ho sebelisana ha lithaere le bokaholimo ba tsela;
- ho etsa bonnete ba ho tsamaea ha mabili a amanang le 'mele, ka lebaka leo ho finyelloang boreleli bo itseng.
Webosaeteng ea rona ea Vodi.su, re se re amme taba ena, re bua ka li-absorbers kapa MacPherson struts. Ha e le hantle, ho na le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea ho emisoa, ho na le li-subspecies tse peli tse ka sehloohong:
- ho emisoa ho itšetlehileng ka eona - mabili a axle e le 'ngoe a hokahane ka thata;
- e ikemetseng - lebili le ka tsamaea le amana le 'mele ntle le ho ama boemo ba lebili le leng la coaxial.
Lintlha tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea ho emisa ke:
- likarolo ka lebaka la hore elasticity e finyelloa (liliba, liliba, mekoallo ea torsion);
- likarolo tsa kabo ea tataiso ea matla (longitudinal, transverse, levers habeli), likarolo tsena li boetse li fana ka ho tiisa tsamaiso eohle ea ho emisa ho 'mele o jereng mojaro kapa foreimi ea koloi;
- lintho tse senyang - u se ke ua lumella koloi ho sisinyeha, ke hore, re bua ka li-absorbers tse tšosang, tseo, joalokaha re hopola, ke oli, pneumatic, oli ea khase;
- li-anti-roll - bar e kopanyang mabili a mabeli a axle e le 'ngoe e khomaretsoe ka li-racks;
- li-fasteners - li-blocks tse khutsitseng, li-ball bears, lihlahla tsa tšepe.
Lintlha tsena tsohle ts'ebetsong ea ho khanna litseleng li na le mojaro o moholo, 'me mojaro ona o moholoanyane, boleng bo bobe ba litsela. Ha nako e ntse e ea, sena sohle se bonahala ka boleng ba ho palama: ho tsamaisana ha lebili la koloi hoa khathatseha, ho senyeha ha taolo, koloi e qala ho "nyoba" ha e qhoma, e kenella ka ho chenchana, e thekesela kapa e thetheha haholo.
Ho qoba mathata ana kaofela, hoa hlokahala ho etsa tlhahlobo ka nako, ho nkela li-blocks tse khutsitseng, li-stabilizer struts, ho nkela li-absorbers tse makatsang, jj.
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea ho emisa
Ka bobeli mefuta ea ho emisoa e itšetlehileng ka eona le e ikemetseng e ntse e sebelisoa le kajeno. Mofuta o itšetlehileng ka ho fetisisa ke ho fanyeha lilibeng tsa longitudinal. Khetho ena e sebelisoa ka literaka, libese le li-SUV, hobane e na le moeli o moholo oa tšireletso, ho fapana le ho emisoa ha MacPherson strut e tloaelehileng kajeno.
Linakong tsa pele ho ntoa, ho fanyeha lilibeng tse tšekaletseng ho ne ho tumme haholo. E ne e sebelisoa mefuteng ea pele ea Ford. Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore likoloi tsa Wartburg tse neng li hlokahala ka nako eo, tse hlahisoang GDR, li ne li e-na le tsamaiso e joalo ea selemo.
Mefuta e meng ea suspensions e itšetlehileng ka eona e kenyelletsa:
- ho emisoa ka lihlomo tse tataisang - tse ntseng li sebelisoa likoloing tsa lipapali, literaka le libese tsa baeti;
- ka phala ea push kapa drawbar - e sebelisoang likoloing tsa Ford, e ne e ka tšeptjoa, empa e lahliloe ka lebaka la sesebelisoa se rarahaneng;
- De Dion - mabili a ho khanna a hokahantsoe ke sebanka se hlahileng, ho potoloha ho mabili ho fetisoa ho tloha lebokoseng la li-gear ka li-axle shafts tse nang le li-hinges. Sistimi ena e tšepahala haholo, e sebelisoa ho Ford Ranger, Smart Fortwo, Alfa Romeo le mefuta e meng e mengata ea likoloi.
Torsion-link suspension e bolela ho itšetleha ka halofo. E ile ea qala ho kenngoa melokong ea pele ea Volkswagen Golf le Scirocco. The torsion bar ke tube ea tšepe, eo ka hare ho eona ho nang le lithupa tse rekere tse sebetsang ka torsion. Li-torsion bars li sebelisoa e le ntho ea elasticity kapa anti-roll bar.
Li-pendants tse ikemetseng li boetse li qapiloe palo e kholo ea mefuta. E 'ngoe ea tse bonolo ka ho fetisisa - e nang le li-axle shafts. Li-axle shafts le tsona li tsoa ka lebokoseng la li-gear, likarolo tsa elastic li boetse li sebelisoa mona: mekoallo ea torsion, liliba, liliba. E ne e loketse hantle bakeng sa likoloi tse sa potlakang, tse kang ZAZ-965, empa hamorao li ile tsa qala ho li lahla hohle.
Wishbone suspension e sebelisoa ho boholo ba likoloi tsa baeti kajeno. Ha e le hantle, mabili ha a kopane, empa a khomaretsoe ho li-levers, tseo le tsona li khomaretsoeng 'meleng.
Hamorao, tsamaiso e joalo e ile ea ntlafatsoa khafetsa:
- lisebelisoa tsa longitudinal;
- lithapo tsa oblique;
- litakatso tse peli;
- ho emisoa ha lihokelo tse ngata.
Ha e le hantle, ho emisoa ha MacPherson strut ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea moqapi ona, e ileng ea ntlafatsoa ka ho kenya kerese - tataiso ea tataiso e nang le mochine o tšosang.
Leha ho le joalo, u se ke ua lebala hore mefuta e sebetsang ea ho emisoa e ntse e tsebahala kajeno, ka mohlala, ka liliba tsa moea. Ke hore, mokhanni a ka laola li-parameter tse fapaneng a sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho laola. Adaptive suspension ke sistimi e rarahaneng e nang le li-sensor tse ngata tse bokellang tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lebelo, boleng ba tsela, boemo ba mabili, 'me ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tsena, ho khethoa mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho khanna.
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