Tanka e kholo ea ntoa RT-91 Twardy Sepolishe Twardy - ka thata. Nakong ea ka mor'a ntoa, Poland e ile ea e-ba setsi sa bohlokoa sa indasteri se neng se tseba ho hlahisa likoloi tsa lihlomo tse tsoetseng pele tse lateloang. Pejana, ho ipapisitsoe le menahano ea tšebelisano tlasa Pact ea Warsaw, litanka li ile tsa hlahisoa Poland tlasa laesense e fanoeng ke Soviet Union. Kahoo, e ne e sa lumelloe ho kena-kenana le moralo oa litanka tse hlahisoang e le ho li ntlafatsa. Boemo bona bo ile ba tsoela pele ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-80, ha likamano pakeng tsa Poland le USSR li qetella li senyehile. Ho khaoha ha likamano tsa lipolotiki, moruo le sesole ho ile ha qobella Mapolesa ho nka mehato e ikemetseng e le ho boloka boemo bo fihletsoeng ba tekheniki ba maemo a teng. ntoa likoloi, hammoho le poloko ea indasteri ea sesole sa malapeng. Khatelo-pele ntlheng ena e ile ea nolofatsoa ke lintlafatso tse entsoeng ke litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa likhoebo tsa sesole ka bomong. Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1980 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990, Poland, motheong oa litanka tse teng tsa T-72, mosebetsi o ile oa qala ka ho thehoa ha tanka ea malapeng, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho ponahalo ea li-prototypes tsa tanka ea RT-91 "Twardy". Likoloi tsena li na le mokhoa o mocha oa ho laola mollo, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa ho shebella (ho kenyeletsoa bosiu) bakeng sa molaoli le sethunya, mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho tima mollo le mokhoa oa ho sireletsa lihlomo, hammoho le enjene e ntlafalitsoeng. Hoo e ka bang mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-80, limela tsa ho haha ​​​​mochini tsa Poland li ile tsa hlahisa lienjineri tsa litanka tsa letoto la "T" motheong oa litokomane tse ngolisitsoeng ka molao. Lilemong tse latelang, likamano pakeng tsa baetsi ba mechine le lehlakore la Russia li ile tsa qala ho fokola 'me qetellong li ile tsa robeha ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-80 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-90. Ka lebaka leo, bahlahisi ba Poland ba ile ba tlameha ho rarolla mathata a amanang le ntlafatso ea enjene, e neng e hlokahala ka lebaka la ntlafatso ea kamehla ea tanka ea T-72. Enjene e ntlafalitsoeng, e khethiloeng 512U, e ne e na le sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea mafura le moea mme e nts'itse matla a lipere a 850. s., 'me tanka e nang le enjene ena e ile ea tsejoa e le RT-91 "Tvardy". Ho eketseha ha matla a enjene ho ile ha etsa hore ho khonehe ho lefella keketseho ea boima ba tanka, e neng e bakoa ke ho kenngoa ha lihlomo tse sebetsang (moralo oa Poland). Bakeng sa enjene e nang le komporo ea mochini, matla ke 850 hp. ka. e ne e fetelletse, kahoo ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho sebelisa konpresser e tsamaisoang ke matla a likhase tsa ho qeta. Tharollo e joalo e hahang e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata likoloing tsa ntoa tse lateloang ke linaha tse ling. Enjene e nang le compressor e ncha e fumane lebitso la 5-1000 (nomoro ea 1000 e bolela matla a lipere a tsoetseng pele) 'me e reretsoe ho kenya litanka tsa RT-91A le RT-91A1. Sistimi ea taolo ea mollo, e etselitsoeng tanka ea RT-91 ka ho khetheha, e ela hloko lebelo la sepheo, mofuta oa lithunya, maemo a sepakapaka, mocheso oa propellant le boemo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba mohala oa sepheo le axis. ea sethunya. Bakeng sa ho beha leihlo bosiu, lisebelisoa tsa pono ea bosiu li sebelisoa. Tanka e na le sensor ea boemo bakeng sa seipone sa pono mabapi le turret, mochine oa servo bakeng sa motsamao o ikemetseng oa letšoao le lebisitsoeng sefofaneng se otlolohileng. Sephetho sa ho lekanya sebaka se lebeletsoeng se bontšoa ka bohona sebakeng sa molaoli oa tanka. Sistimi e ka sebetsa ka mokhoa o ikemetseng, oa matsoho le oa maemo a tšohanyetso. Tanka e boetse e na le mochini o kenyang mochini oa DRAWA. Keketseho ea tšireletso ea litanka e fihletsoe ka tšebeliso ea lihlomo tse sebetsang tsa ERAWA, tse ntlafalitsoeng Setsing sa Lihlomo sa Sesole-Technical. Sehlomo sena se teng ka liphetolelo tse peli, tse fapaneng ka bongata ba liqhomane. Likarolo tse nyane tsa lihlomo li hokahantsoe le turret, hull le li-skrini tsa mahlakore. Ka litanka tsa T-72 (le tse ling tse tšoanang), likarolo tse 108 li fanyehiloe holim'a turret, 118 holim'a sekepe le 84 skrineng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tšepe. Sebaka se sirelelitsoeng ka ho feletseng ke 9 m.2. Lintho tse phatlohang tse ka har'a likarolo tsa lihlomo tse sebetsang ha li phatlohe ha li otloa ke li-cartridge tsa 7,62-14,5 mm le likhechana tsa likhetla tsa lithunya tse fihlang ho 82 mm caliber. Lihlomo tse sebetsang le tsona ha li arabele ha ho chesa napalm kapa peterole. Ho ea ka bahlahisi, lihlomo li fokotsa botebo ba ho kenella ha jete ea cumulative ka 50-70%, 'me matla a phunyeletsang a sub-caliber projectile - ka 30-40%. Litšobotsi tsa mahlale le tsa tekheniki tsa tanka RT-91 "Tvardy" Ho loantša boima ba 'mele, т 43,5 Basebetsi, batho 3 Litekanyo, mm: bolelele ka sethunya pele 9530 Bophara 3460 bophahamo 2190 tumello 470 Lihlomo   projectile Sebetsa:   125-mm smoothbore cannon 2A46; 12,7 limilimithara NSV sethunya sa mochini o thibelang sefofane; 7,62 limilimithara PKT sethunya mochine Boek set:   36 lithunya Enjene "Will" 5-1000, 12-cylinder, V-shaped, diesel, turbocharged, matla a 1000 hp Ka. ka lebelo la 2000 rpm. Khatello e ikhethileng ea mobu, kg/cm   Lebelo la mmila o moholo km / h 60 Ho tsamaea ka sekepe tseleng e kholo km 400 Ho hlola litšitiso: bophahamo ba lebota, м 0,80 bophara ba foro, м 2,80 botebo ba sekepe, м 1,20 Lisebelisoa: G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; M. Baryatinsky "Litanka tse mahareng le tse ka sehloohong tsa linaha tse ling 1945-2000"; PT-91 Hard [GPM 310]; Czolg sredni PT-91 "Twardy" (tanka e kholo ea T-91); Mokhoa o Mocha oa Sesole; Jerzy Kajetanowicz. PT-91 Twardy tanka e kholo ea ntoa. "Tsamaea".