Lihloela tsa lefats'e - linaha tse ngata li ntse li kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa ea ho beha baahi leihlo

Bo-rasaense ba Machaena ba hlahisitse bohlale ba maiketsetso tsamaisong ea khamera e nang le qeto e felletseng ea li-megapixels tse 500 (1). E khona ho hapa lifahleho tse likete ka nako e le 'ngoe, joalo ka lebaleng la lipapali, ka botlalo, ebe e hlahisa lintlha tsa sefahleho tse bolokiloeng marung 'me hang-hang e fumane sepheo se boletsoeng, motho ea batloang.

Sistimi ea khamera e entsoe Univesithing ea Fudan e Shanghai le Setsi sa Changchun, motse-moholo oa profinse e ka leboea-bochabela ea Jilin. Sena ke makhetlo a 'maloa qeto ea leihlo la motho ho lipikselse tse limilione tse 120. Pampiri e hatisitsoeng ea lipatlisiso mabapi le taba ena e bolela hore e khona ho hlahisa lifilimi ka qeto e phahameng e tšoanang le ea lifoto ka lebaka la litlhophiso tse peli tse khethehileng tse entsoeng ke sehlopha se le seng.

1. Khamera ea China ea 500 megapixel

Le hoja ka molao sena e le katleho e 'ngoe ea saense le theknoloji ea Sechaena, mantsoe a ile a utloahala 'Musong oa Leholimo ka boeona hore. mokhoa oa ho latela baahi e se e "phethahetse ka ho lekaneng" 'me ha e hloke ntlafatso e eketsehileng. O boletse, hara tse ding

Wang Peiji, Ph.D., School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, e qotsitsoeng ho Global Times. Ho ea ka eena, ho thehoa ha tsamaiso e ncha ho lokela ho bitsa chelete e ngata 'me ho ke ke ha tlisa melemo e meholo. Lik'hamera li ka boela tsa senya boinotšing, Wang o ile a phaella, ha a ntse a fetisa litšoantšo tse hlalosang boemo bo phahameng ho tloha hōle haholo.

Ha ke nahane hore o hloka ho kholisa mang kapa mang hore China naha ea ho beha leihlo (2). Joalokaha koranta ea Senyesemane ea South China Morning Post e tlaleha Hong Kong, ba boholong naheng eo ba ntse ba sebelisa mahlale a macha ho laola baahi ba bona ho ea pele.

Ho lekane ho bua feela biometrics bakeng sa boitsebiso ba mopalami ka tereneng ea Beijing likhalase tse bohlale e sebelisoang ke mapolesa kapa mekhoa e meng e mengata ea ho beha leihlo e le karolo ea tsamaiso e tletseng oli e ngata ea khatello ea naha ho baahi, e etelletsoeng pele ke tsamaiso ea mekoloto ea sechaba.

2. Folakha ea Chaena e nang le letšoao la ho beha leihlo bokahohleng

Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e meng ea ho hloela baahi ba Chaena e ntse e makatsa. Ka lilemo tse 'maloa joale, ho etsa mohlala, mekhatlo e fetang mashome a mararo ea sesole le ea mmuso e' nile ea sebelisa li-drones tse khethehileng tse tšoanang le linonyana tse phelang. Li tlalehoa li fofa sebakeng bonyane liprofinseng tse hlano ka hare ho lenaneo le bitsoang "Dove"tlas'a tataiso ea moprofesa. Song Bifeng oa Univesithi ea Xi'an Polytechnic3).

Li-drones li ka etsisa ho otlanya mapheo esita le ho hloa, ho qoela le ho potlaka ha li fofa joalo ka linonyana tsa 'nete. Moetso o mong le o mong o joalo o na le k'hamera e nang le qeto e phahameng, antenna ea GPS, sistimi ea taolo ea sefofane le sistimi ea puisano ea sathelaete.

Boima ba drone e ka ba ligrama tse 200, 'me mapheo a eona a ka ba limithara tse 0,5. E na le lebelo la ho fihla ho 40 km / h. mme e kgona ho fofa e sa emise nako ya halofo ya hora. Liteko tsa pele li bontšitse hore "maeba" a batla a sa khethollehe ho linonyana tse tloaelehileng 'me a lumella ba boholong hore ba etse leihlo ka tekanyo e kholoanyane ho feta pele, ho lokisa boitšoaro ba baahi hoo e ka bang boemo leha e le bofe.

3 Drone ea lihloela tsa Machaena

Mebuso ea demokrasi le eona e thahasella bohloela

China e ntse e le moetapele oa lefats'e oa theknoloji ea ho lemoha sefahleho le mahlale a mang a ntseng a hlaha. Ha ba sebelise matsoho a tšoanang feela, empa lik'hamphani tse fapaneng tsa China, tse tsoang ho Huawei Technologies Co. ka holim'a tsohle, ba rekisa tsebo ea lihloela ho pota lefatše. Tsena ke thesis ea Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tlalehong e phatlalalitsoeng ka Loetse selemong sena.

Ho latela boithuto bona, Barekisi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ba mahlale a maiketsetso bakeng sa bohloela ke Huawei, k'hamphani ea China ea Hikvision le NECCorp ea Japane. le IBM ea Amerika (4). Bonyane linaha tse mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano, ho tloha United States ho ea Brazil, Jeremane, India le Singapore, hajoale li kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e meholo ea bohlale ba maiketsetso ho beha baahi leihlo. (5).

4. Ke mang ea rekisang theknoloji ea lihloela

5. Khatelo-pele ea bohloela lefatšeng ka bophara

Huawei ke moetapele lefapheng lena, a fana ka mofuta ona oa theknoloji linaheng tse mashome a mahlano. Ha ho bapisoa, IBM e rekisitse litharollo tsa eona linaheng tse leshome le motso o mong, e fana ka, har'a lintho tse ling, seo ho thoeng ke theknoloji () bakeng sa ho shebella li-agglomerations le tlhahlobo ea data.

Mongoli oa tlaleho Steven Feldstein, moprofesa, o itse: “China e romela thekenoloji ea ho beha leihlo linaheng tsa puso ea sechaba ka sechaba le linaheng tse nang le bolaoli. Univesithi ea Boise State.

Mosebetsi oa hae o akaretsa lintlha tsa 2017-2019 mabapi le litereke, litoropo, mebuso, hammoho le lits'ebeletso tsa maemo a holimo joalo ka boema-fofane. E nahanela linaha tse 64 moo mekhatlo ea 'muso e fumaneng theknoloji ea ho lemoha sefahleho ka ho sebelisa lik'hamera le boitsebiso ba litšoantšo, linaha tse 56 moo ho sebelisoang theknoloji e bohlale ea metse e kang li-sensor le li-scanner tse bokellang boitsebiso bo hlahlobiloeng litsing tsa litaelo, le linaha tse 53 moo ba boholong ba sebelisang "mapolesa a bohlale." ". litsamaiso tse sekasekang data le ho leka ho bolela esale pele litlolo tsa molao tsa kamoso tse thehiloeng ho eona.

Leha ho le joalo, tlaleho e hlōleha ho khetholla pakeng tsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea leihlo la AI, linyeoe tse hatakelang litokelo tsa botho, le linyeoe tseo Feldstein a li bitsang "sebaka se mahareng se nebulous."

Mohlala oa ho se utloisisehe o ka tsejoa lefatšeng projeke ke toropo e bohlale e lebopong le ka bochabela la Canada la Toronto. Ke toropo e nang le li-sensor tse etselitsoeng ho sebeletsa sechaba hobane li etselitsoe ho "rarolla ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe" ho tloha ho tšubuhlellano ea sephethephethe ho ea ho tsa bophelo bo botle, matlo, libaka, tlhahiso ea likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le tse ling. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Quayside e hlalositsoe e le "dystopia ea lekunutu" (6).

6. Google's Big Brother Eye in Toronto Quayside

Lintho tsena tse sa hlakang, ke hore merero e entsoeng ka sepheo se setle, eo, leha ho le joalo, e ka lebisang tlhaselong e pharaletseng ea boinotšing ba baahi, re boetse re ngola ka taba ena ea MT, e hlalosang merero ea metse e bohlale ea Poland.

Baahi ba UK ba se ba tloaetse ho sebelisa lik'hamera tse makholo. Leha ho le joalo, hoa fumaneha hore mapolesa a na le mekhoa e meng ea ho latela motsamao oa baahi. Ho ile ha sebelisoa limilione tse mashome London limmapa tsa toropotse neng li bitsoa "oyster" ().

Li sebelisoa ka makhetlo a limilione tse likete selemo se seng le se seng, 'me boitsebiso boo li bo bokellang bo thahasella ba molao. Ka karolelano, Tšebeletso ea Sepolesa sa Metropolitan e kopa boitsebiso bo tsoang tsamaisong ea likarete ka makhetlo a likete tse 'maloa ka selemo. E se e le ka 2011, k'hamphani ea lipalangoang ea toropo e amohetse likopo tse 6258 tsa data, ho fihla ho 15% ho tloha selemong se fetileng, ho latela The Guardian.

Lintlha tse hlahisoang ke limmapa tsa litoropo, tse kopantsoeng le data ea geolocation ho tsoa ho marang-rang a cellular, li u lumella ho theha liprofinse tsa boitšoaro ba batho le ho netefatsa boteng ba bona sebakeng se itseng le ka nako e itseng. Ka lik'hamera tse behang leihlo hohle, ho batla ho sa khonehe ho potoloha toropo ntle le bolaoli ba mekhatlo ea molao.

Tlaleho e tsoang ho Carnegie Endowment for International Peace e bontša hore 51% ea demokrasi e sebelisa mekhoa ea ho hlahloba AI. Sena ha se bolele hore ba sebelisa hampe litsamaiso tsena, bonyane eseng ho fihlela sena e le tloaelo. Leha ho le joalo, thuto e qotsa mehlala e 'maloa moo tokoloho ea sechaba e hlokofatsoang ke ho kenngoa ha litharollo tse joalo.

Phuputso ea 2016 e senotse, mohlala, hore mapolesa a Baltimore a US a ile a sebelisa li-drones ka sekhukhu ho lekola baahi ba toropo. Nakong ea lihora tse leshome ka mor'a sefofane sa mochine o joalo linepe li ile tsa nkuoa motsotsoana o mong le o mong. Mapolesa a boetse a kentse lik'hamera tse lemohang sefahleho ho beha leihlo le ho tšoara baipelaetsi nakong ea merusu ea litoropong ea 2018.

Lik'hamphani tse ngata le tsona li fana ka thepa e tsoetseng pele ea theknoloji Lisebelisoa tsa ho lebela moeling oa US-Mexico. Joalokaha The Guardian e tlalehile ka Phuptjane 2018, litora tsa moeli tse nang le lisebelisoa tse joalo li ka bona batho ho fihlela bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 12. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mofuta ona li na le lik'hamera tsa laser, radar le sistimi ea puisano e shebang sebaka sa 3,5 km ho bona motsamao.

Litšoantšo tse hapiloeng li hlahlojoa ke AI ho arola li-silhouette tsa batho le lintho tse ling tse tsamaeang tikolohong. Ha ho hlake hore na mekhoa e joalo ea ho beha leihlo e lula e le molaong kapa e hlokahala.

French Marseille e etella pele morero ona. Ke lenaneo la ho fokotsa botlokotsebe ka marangrang a pharalletseng a ho lebela sechaba a nang le setsi sa tšebetso ea bohlale le lik'hamera tse bohlale tsa CCTV tse ka bang sekete tšimong. Ka 2020, palo ena e tla imena habeli.

Barekisi bana ba etelletseng pele ba theknoloji ea lihloela tsa China le bona ba fana ka lisebelisoa tsa bona le li-algorithms ho linaha tsa Bophirima. Ka 2017, Huawei o ile a fana ka tsamaiso ea ho beha leihlo motseng oa Valenciennes ka leboea ho Fora ho bontša se bitsoang mohlala o bolokehileng oa toropo. Ke sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea boemo bo holimo ea ho lekola livideo le setsi sa litaelo se bohlale se nang le li-algorithms ho bona metsamao e sa tloaelehang le matšoele a literateng.

Leha ho le joalo, se khahlisang le ho feta ke hore na se shebahala joang…

… China e beha leihlo thepa ea thekenoloji ho ea linaheng tse futsanehileng

Hore naha e ntseng e tsoela pele ha e khone ho lefella litsamaiso tsee? Ha ho bothata. Hangata barekisi ba Machaena ba fana ka thepa ea bona ka mekotla e nang le likalimo tse "ntle".

Sena se sebetsa hantle linaheng tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji tse sa tsoelang pele, ho kenyelletsa, mohlala, Kenya, Laos, Mongolia, Uganda le Uzbekistan, moo ba boholong ba neng ba ke ke ba khona ho kenya litharollo tse joalo.

Ecuador, marang-rang a lik'hamera tse matla a fetisetsa litšoantšo litsing tse fetang XNUMX tse hirang batho ba fetang XNUMX. Ba hlometse ka li-joystick, liofisiri li laola lik'hamera li le hōle le ho hlahloba literateng bakeng sa barekisi ba lithethefatsi, litlhaselo le lipolao. Haeba ba hlokomela ho hong, baa eketseha (7).

7. Setsi sa Tlhokomelo naheng ea Ecuador

Tsamaiso, ehlile, e tsoa Chaena, e bitsoa ECU-911 mme e entsoe ke lik'hamphani tse peli tsa China: CEIEC ea mmuso le Huawei. Ecuador, lik'hamera tsa ECU-911 li leketlile lipalong le marulelong, ho tloha Lihlekehlekeng tsa Galapagos ho ea morung oa Amazon. Sistimi e boetse e lumella ba boholong ho latela mehala mme haufinyane ba ka khona ho lemoha lifahleho.

Litlaleho tse hlahisoang li lumella mapolesa ho hlahloba le ho tsosolosa liketsahalo tse fetileng. Likopi tsa marang-rang ana li boetse li rekisitsoe Venezuela, Bolivia le Angola. Sistimi ena, e kentsoeng Ecuador mathoasong a 2011, ke mofuta oa mantlha oa lenaneo la taolo ea komporo eo Beijing e kileng ea sebelisa libilione tsa lidolara ho eona. Ho tsoaloa ha eona ha pele e ne e le mokhoa oa ho shebella o entsoeng Chaena bakeng sa litlhoko Lipapali tsa Liolimpiki tsa Beijing ka selemo sa 2008

Le hoja 'muso oa Ecuador o hlapanya hore o mabapi le ts'ireletso le taolo ea tlōlo ea molao feela,' me lik'hamera li fana ka litšoantšo feela ho mapolesa, lipatlisiso tsa boralitaba tsa New York Times li fumane hore litheipi le tsona li qetella li le National Intelligence Agency, e sebetsanang le Mopresidente oa mehleng Rafael Correa, ho hlorisa, ho tshosa le ho hlasela bahanyetsi ba mmuso ba dipolotiki.

Kajeno, linaha tse ka bang mashome a mabeli, ho kenyeletsoa Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, le Jeremane, li sebelisa Made in China litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa ho beha leihlo. Nakong e tlang, tse ngata tsa tsona li ntse li koetlisoa 'me ho ntse ho nahanoa ts'ebetsong ea tsona. Bahlahlobisisi ba hlokomelisa hore ka tlhokomeliso ea Machaena le tsebo ea lisebelisoa tse atileng lefatšeng ka bophara, bokamoso ba lefats'e bo shebahala bo tletse bolaoli bo tsamaisoang ke theknoloji le tahlehelo e kholo ea lekunutu. Litheknoloji tsena, tseo hangata li hlalosoang e le litsamaiso tsa polokeho ea sechaba, li na le monyetla oa ho ba le ts'ebeliso e matla e le lisebelisoa tsa khatello ea lipolotiki.

ho bolela Adrian Shahbaz, motsamaisi oa lipatlisiso ho Freedom House.

ECU-911 e ile ea tsebisoa sechabeng sa Ecuador e le mokhoa oa ho thibela letšoele la lipolao tse amanang le lithethefatsi le botlokotsebe bo fokolang. Ho ea ka babuelli ba lekunutu, se makatsang ke hore ECU-911 ha e sebetse ho hang ho thibela linokoane, leha ho hlongoa ha sistimi ho tsamaellana le ho fokotseha ha litekanyetso tsa botlokotsebe.

Batho ba Ecuador ba fana ka mehlala e mengata ea bosholu le liketso tse ling tse seng molaong tse etsahetseng ka pel'a lik'hamera ntle le karabelo ea mapolesa. Leha ho le joalo, ha ba tobane le khetho pakeng tsa lekunutu le ts'ireletso, batho ba Ecuador ka bongata ba khetha ho beha leihlo.

Litakatso tsa Beijing li feta hole tse rekisitsoeng linaheng tsena. Kajeno, mapolesa ho pholletsa le Chaena a bokella litšoantšo ho tsoa ho limilione tse mashome tsa lik'hamera le libilione tsa data mabapi le maeto a baahi, tšebeliso ea Marang-rang le mesebetsi ea moruo ho li beha leihlo. Lethathamo la litlokotsebe le bao e ka bang bahanyetsi ba lipolotiki ba Chaena ba se ba ntse ba kenyelletsa batho ba limilione tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30.

Joalokaha tlaleho ea Carnegie Endowment e bontša, ho beha leihlo ha ho hlokahale hore e be phello ea mebuso e ikemiselitseng ho hatella baahi ba eona. E ka phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho thibeleng bokhukhuni le ho thusa ba boholong ho latela litšokelo tse fapaneng. Leha ho le joalo, theknoloji e boetse e hlahisitse mekhoa e mecha ea ho hlokomeloa, e bakang ho phahama ha metadata, ebang ke imeile, boitsebiso ba sebaka, ho latela marang-rang, kapa mesebetsi e meng.

Sepheo sa demokrasi ea Europe ho amohela litsamaiso tsa puso ho tsoa ho AI (taolo ea ho falla, ho latela litšokelo tsa bokhukhuni) ehlile, e kanna ea fapana haholo le mabaka a ho kenya ts'ebetsong lits'ebetso tsa Egepeta kapa Kazakhstan (ho latela bahanyetsi, ho hatella mekhatlo ea bohanyetsi, joalo-joalo). empa lisebelisoa ka botsona li lula li tšoana ka mokhoa o tsotehang. Phapang ea tlhaloso le tlhahlobo ea liketso tsena e thehiloe khopolong ea hore puso ea demokrasi e "ntle" 'me e seng ea demokrasi "e mpe."