Oli bakeng sa dienjini tsa disele
Tse ka hare
Oli ea lienjine tsa diesel e fapana le maro a tšoanang bakeng sa likarolo tsa peterole. Sena se bakoa ke phapang ea ts'ebetso ea bona, hammoho le maemo ao setlolo se lokelang ho sebetsa ho sona. e leng, enjene e tukang ka har'a diesel e sebetsa ka mocheso o tlase, e sebelisa motsoako o fokolang oa mafura-moea, 'me lits'ebetso tsa ho theha motsoako le ho tuka li etsahala kapele. Ka hona, oli ea disele e tlameha ho ba le litšobotsi le thepa e itseng, eo re tla bua ka eona sehloohong sena.
Mokhoa oa ho khetha oli ea diesel
Pele o fetela ho litšoaneleho tsa oli, ho bohlokoa ho bua ka bokhutšoanyane ka maemo ao e qobelloang ho sebetsa ho ona. Pele ho tsohle, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore mafura a ICE a diesel ha a che ka ho feletseng, a siea mosi o mongata ka lebaka la ho tuka. 'Me haeba mafura a diesel e le a boleng bo tlaase' me a na le sebabole se seholo, joale lihlahisoa tse tukang le tsona li na le phello e mpe ho feta oli.
Kaha khatello ea enjene ea diesel e phahame haholo, likhase tsa crankcase le tsona li thehoa ka bongata, 'me moea o nepahetseng ha o sebetsane le tsona kamehla. Lena ke lona lebaka le tobileng la hore oli ea enjene ea dizeli e tsofala ka potlako haholo, e lahleheloa ke thepa ea eona ea ho itšireletsa le ea ho hloekisa, hape e na le oxidize.
Ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tseo mokhanni a lokelang ho li ela hloko ha a khetha lubricant. Hoa khoneha ho khetholla tse tharo litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa oli ea enjene:
- boleng - litlhoko li ngotsoe ka har'a likarolo tsa API / ACEA / ILSAC;
- viscosity - e ts'oanang le maemo a SAE;
- motheo oa oli ke diminerale, maiketsetso kapa semi-synthetic.
Lintlha tse amehang li bonts'oa ka har'a sephutheloana sa oli. Leha ho le joalo, ka nako e ts'oanang, mong'a koloi o tlameha ho tseba litlhoko tseo moetsi oa likoloi a li etsang e le hore a khethe mokelikeli o nang le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng.
Litšobotsi tsa oli ea enjene ea diesel
joale re tla shebisisa li-parameter tse thathamisitsoeng e le hore motho ea chesehelang koloi a tataisoe ke tsona ha a reka le ho khetha lubricant e loketseng haholo bakeng sa mochine o tukang ka hare oa koloi.
Boleng ba oli
Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, e laetsoe ke litekanyetso tsa machaba tsa API, ACEA le ILSAC. Ha e le litekanyetso tsa pele, matšoao "C" le "S" ke matšoao ao enjene ea ho tuka ka hare ho lubricant e reretsoeng. Kahoo, lengolo "C" le bolela hore e etselitsoe dienjini tsa disele. 'Me haeba "S" - joale bakeng sa peterole. Ho boetse ho na le mofuta oa bokahohle oa oli, o bontšitsoeng ka setifikeiti sa S / C. Ka tlhaho, moelelong oa sehlooho sena, re tla thahasella oli ea sehlopha sa pele.
Ntle le ho bonts'a mofuta oa enjine e tukang ka hare, ho na le mokhoa o hlakileng haholoanyane oa ho tšoaea. Bakeng sa enjine ea diesel e shebahala tjena:
- mangolo CC ha a bontše feela morero oa "diesel" oa oli, empa hape le hore lienjiniere li tlameha ho ba sepakapaka, kapa ka matla a itekanetseng;
- CD kapa CE ke oli ea diesel e matlafatsang e hlahisoang pele le ka morao ho 1983, ka ho latellana;
- CF-4 - e etselitsoeng lienjineri tse 4 tse lokolotsoeng kamora 1990;
- CG-4 - oli ea moloko o mocha, bakeng sa lihlopha tse entsoeng ka mor'a 1994;
- CD-11 kapa CF-2 - e etselitsoe lienjineri tsa diesel tse 2-stroke.
Ntle le moo, o ka lemoha oli ea "diesel" ho latela litlhaloso tsa ACEA:
- B1-96 - e etselitsoeng diyuniti ntle le turbocharging;
- B2-96 le B3-96 - e etselitsoeng likarolo tsa koloi tse nang le turbocharging kapa ntle le eona;
- E1-96, E2-96 le E3-96 ke tsa literaka tse nang le lienjini tse phahameng tse matlafatsang.
Viscosity ea oli
Ho ba bonolo ho pompa oli ka likanale le likarolo tsa sistimi ka kotloloho ho ipapisitse le boleng ba viscosity. Ntle le moo, viscosity ea oli e ama sekhahla sa phepelo ea eona ho lipara tse sebetsang ka har'a enjene e tukang e ka hare, ts'ebeliso ea tefiso ea betri, hammoho le ho hanyetsa mochini oa crankshaft ka starter ha ho qala maemong a batang. Ka hona, bakeng sa dienjini tsa disele, mafura a nang le index ea viscosity ea 5W (ho fihlela ho -25 ° C), 10W (ho fihlela -20 ° C), hangata hangata a sebelisoa 15W (ho fihlela -15 ° C). Ka hona, palo e nyane pele ho lengolo W, oli e tla ba e nyane haholo.
Lioli tse bolokang matla li na le viscosity e tlase. Ba etsa filimi e nyenyane e sireletsang holim'a tšepe, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ba boloka matla le mafura bakeng sa tlhahiso ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, oli ena e lokela ho sebelisoa feela ka li-ICE tse khethehileng (li lokela ho ba le liphaseje tse moqotetsane tsa oli).
Ha u khetha oli e le 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe, u lokela ho lula u nahanela litšobotsi tsa libaka tseo mochine o sebetsang ho tsona. e leng, bonyane mocheso mariha le boholo ba lehlabula. Haeba phapang ena e le kholo, joale ho molemo ho reka oli e 'meli ka thoko - mariha le lehlabula,' me u li nkele sebaka ka nako. Haeba phapang ea mocheso e nyenyane, joale u ka sebelisa "nako eohle".
Haeba enjene e tukang ka hare e na le mathata le sehlopha sa cylinder-piston, compression, hape ha e qale hantle "serame", joale ho molemo ho reka oli ea enjene ea dizeli e nang le viscosity e tlase.
Motheo oa oli ea enjene bakeng sa disele
Hape ke tloaelo ho arola oli ka mefuta ho latela motheo oa bona. Mefuta e meraro ea oli e tsejoa kajeno, e theko e tlaase ho eona ke oli ea diminerale. Empa ha e sebelisoe hangata, ntle le mohlomong ho li-ICE tsa khale, kaha tsa maiketsetso kapa tsa semi-synthetic li na le litšobotsi tse tsitsitseng haholoanyane.
Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse ka sehloohong ke ho lumellana ha litšobotsi tse boletsoeng ke moetsi oa oli le tse hlokoang ke moetsi oa likoloi, hammoho le tšimoloho ea oli. Ntlha ea bobeli ha e bohlokoa ho feta ea pele, kaha barekisi ba bangata ba likoloi hona joale ba rekisa li-fake tse sa lumellaneng le litšobotsi tse boletsoeng.
Ke oli efe e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa turbodiesel
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea enjene ea diesel ea turbocharged e fapane le e tloaelehileng. Pele ho tsohle, sena se bontšoa ka lebelo le leholo la ho potoloha ha turbine (liphetoho tse fetang 100 esita le tse likete tse 200 ka motsotso), ka lebaka leo mocheso oa mochine o tukang ka hare o eketseha haholo (o ka feta + 270 ° C). , 'me ho senyeha ha eona hoa eketseha. Ka hona, oli bakeng sa enjene ea disele e nang le turbine e tlameha ho ba le thepa e phahameng ea ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso.
Lintlha tsa ho khetha mofuta o le mong oa oli bakeng sa enjene ea diesel ea turbocharged e lula e tšoana le ea e tloaelehileng. Ntho e ka sehloohong tabeng ena ke ho latela litlhahiso tsa moetsi. Ho na le maikutlo a itseng a hore oli ea turbocharged diesel e tlameha ho etsoa ka maiketsetso. Leha ho le joalo, ha e le hantle sena ha se joalo.
Ha e le hantle, "synthetics" e tla ba tharollo e molemo, empa ho ka khoneha ho tlatsa "semi-synthetics" esita le "metsi a diminerale", empa khetho ea ho qetela e ke ke ea e-ba khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa. Le hoja theko ea eona e le tlase, ho fanoe ka maemo a ts'ebetso, e tla hloka ho fetoloa hangata, e leng ho tla fella ka litšila tse eketsehileng, 'me ho tla ba hobe le ho feta ho sireletsa mochine o tukang ka hare.
Ha re thathamiseng lintlha tse mabapi le eo oli ea turbodiesel e khothalletsoang ke bahlahisi ba tummeng. Kahoo, bakeng sa lienjine tsa diesel tsa turbocharged tse entsoeng ka mor'a 2004 le ho ba le filthara ea particulate, ho latela maemo a ACEA, e lokela ho sebelisoa:
DELO oli ea enjene ea diesel
- Mitsubishi le Mazda li khothalletsa oli ea B1;
- Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - oli ea B2;
- Renault-Nissan - B3 le B4 oli.
Li-automaker tse ling li khothaletsa lihlahisoa tse latelang:
- Khamphani ea Ford bakeng sa lienjineri tsa turbo tsa diesel tse entsoeng ka 2004 mme hamorao ka sesefi sa likaroloana li khothaletsa oli ea mofuta oa M2C913C.
- Volkswagen (hammoho le Skoda le Seat, tseo e leng karolo ea bothata) e bile e khetha mofuta oa oli ea enjene ea VW 507 00 Castrol bakeng sa lienjineri tsa eona tsa turbodiesel, tse hlahisitsoeng pele ho 2004 mme li na le sefahla sa likaroloana.
- Likoloi tse entsoeng ke General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet le tse ling), li-turbocharged tsa diesel ka mor'a 2004 ka filthara ea likaroloana, ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa oli ea Dexos 2.
- Bakeng sa li-BMW tsa turbodiesel tse entsoeng pele ho 2004 'me li na le sefene se nang le likaroloana, oli e khothalletsoang ke BMW Longlife-04.
Ka thoko, ho bohlokoa ho bua ka lienjineri tsa TDI tse kentsoeng ho Audi. Ba na le litumello tse latelang:
- enjine ho fihlela ho 2000 ea tokollo - index VW505.01;
- likoloi 2000-2003 - 506.01;
- diyuniti kamora 2004 li na le index ea oli ea 507.00.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore enjene ea diesel ea turbocharged e tlameha ho tlatsoa ka oli ea boleng bo phahameng e finyellang litlhoko tse boletsoeng ke moetsi. Sena se bakoa ke maemo a ts'ebetso ea yuniti e hlalositsoeng ka holimo. Ho phaella moo, hopola hore koloi ea turbocharged e hloka leeto la nako le nako le mojaro o motle, e le hore turbine le oli ho eona li se ke tsa "thepa". Ka hona, u se ke ua lebala ho sebelisa oli "e nepahetseng", empa hape le ho sebelisa mochine ka nepo.
Mefuta ea oli bakeng sa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare tsa disele
Li-automakers tse tummeng lefatšeng ka bophara li khothaletsa ka kotloloho hore bareki ba sebelise oli ea mefuta e itseng (hangata e hlahisoang ke bona). Ka mohlala:
Oli e tsebahalang ea ZIC XQ 5000
- Hyundai/Kia e khothaletsa oli ea ZIC (XQ LS).
- Ford bakeng sa ICE Zetec e fana ka oli ea M2C 913.
- Ho ICE Opel ho fihlela 2000, ACEA e lumelletse oli ea A3 / B3. Likoloi ka mor'a 2000 li ka sebetsa ka oli e amohetsoeng GM-LL-B-025.
- BMW e khothaletsa tšebeliso ea oli e amohetsoeng ea Castrol kapa oli e tsoang ho mofuta oa eona oa BMW Longlife. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo bakeng sa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare, tse nang le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa nako ea li-valve.
- Mercedes-Benz e amehang ka lienjineri tsa disele ka mor'a 2004, e nang le filthara ea likaroloana, e fana ka oli tlas'a mofuta oa eona ka index ea 229.31 le 229.51. E 'ngoe ea maemo a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a mamello ea oli bakeng sa lienjineri tsa diesel ke index ho tloha ho 504.00 ho isa ho 507. Ka literaka tsa diesel, ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa oli e tšoailoeng CF-00.
ho feta moo, re fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e sebetsang ka litekanyetso tsa oli e tsebahalang bakeng sa lienjineri tsa diesel. Ha ho hlophisoa litekanyetso, maikutlo a litsebi tse etsang lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng a ile a nkoa. i.e. bakeng sa oli matšoao a latelang a bohlokoa:
- ho ba teng ha li-additives tse ikhethang;
- phosphorous e fokotsehileng, e tiisang hore ho sebelisana ho sireletsehileng ha mokelikeli le tsamaiso ea phekolo ea khase ea ho qeta;
- tšireletso e ntle khahlanong le mekhoa ea kutu;
- low hygroscopicity (oli ha e monye mongobo o tsoang sepakapakeng).
| Etsa | tlhaloso | Ho se tsotelle | API/SEO | theko |
| ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40 | E 'ngoe ea oli ea diesel e ntle ka ho fetisisa le e tsebahalang haholo. E hlahisoa Korea Boroa. E ka sebelisoa ho ICE e nang le turbine. E khothaletsoa Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK | 10W-40 | API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. E na le litumello tse latelang: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Fokotsa Ash, MTU Type 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+ | $22 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 6. |
| LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600 | Oli e tummeng le e batlang e le theko e tlaase e tsoang ho moetsi ea tsebahalang oa Jeremane. | 5W-30 | ACEA C3; APISN/CF; tokollo ea MB 229.51; BMW Long Life 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917A; dexos 2 | $110 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 20. |
| ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40) | Ke ea sehlopha sa oli e etselitsoeng ho sebetsa ka li-ICE tse imetsoeng haholo (Heavy Duty Engine Oil). Ka hona, e ka sebelisoa eseng feela ka likoloi tsa baeti, empa hape le ka literaka. | 15W-40 | CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Litumello: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1 | $125 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 20. |
| Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40 | Oli ena ea Belgian e sebelisetsoa likoloi le literaka Europe. E fapane ka boleng bo holimo. | 15W-40 | API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; MB Tumello 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; MONNA M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 le tse ling | $37 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 4. |
| CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40 | Oli ea Amerika bakeng sa literaka tsa disele le likoloi (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). E ka sebelisoa lienjineng tse tukang ka hare tsa turbocharged. | 15W-40 | API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Litumello tsa moetsi: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2. | $15 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 3,8. |
| Castrol Magnatec Setsebi 5w30 | Oli e tsebahalang haholo. Leha ho le joalo, e na le viscosity e tlase ea kinetic. | 5W-30 | ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; E kopana le Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D. | $44 bakeng sa canister ea lilithara tse 4. |
Karolelano ea litšenyehelo e bontšoa e le ea litheko tsa lehlabula la 2017 bakeng sa Moscow le sebaka seo
Theko ea oli ea diesel e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse 'nè - mofuta oa setsi sa eona (synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral), bophahamo ba setshelo seo mokelikeli o rekisoang ho sona, litšobotsi ho latela litekanyetso tsa SAE / API / ACEA le tse ling, hammoho le mofuta oa moetsi. Re khothaletsa hore u reke oli ho tloha ho palo e tloaelehileng ea theko.
Phapang lipakeng tsa dizeli le oli ea enjene ea peterole
E baka kotsi ho oli
Joalo ka ha u tseba, lienjineri tse tukang ka hare tsa diesel li thehiloe holim'a molao-motheo oa ho khantša, eseng ho tloha tlhase (joaloka peterole). Li-motor tse joalo li hula moea, o hatelletsoeng ka hare ho isa boemong bo itseng. Motsoako o chesa lienjineng tsa dizeli ka potlako ho feta lienjineng tsa peterole, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho netefatsa tšebeliso e felletseng ea mafura, 'me sena se lebisa ho thehoeng ha soot ka bongata likarolong.
Ka lebaka la sena, hape ka lebaka la khatello e phahameng ka hare ho kamoreng, oli e lahleheloa ke thepa ea eona ea pele ka potlako, e oxidize 'me e se e sa sebetse. Sena ke 'nete haholo ha ho sebelisoa mafura a diesel a boleng bo tlase, a mangata haholo naheng ea rona. E amanang le sena phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa oli ea disele ho tsoa ho li-analogues tsa lienjine tsa peterole - e na le thepa e matla ea antioxidant le e tlotsang.
Hoa hlokomeleha hore sekhahla sa botsofali ba oli se phahame haholo bakeng sa lienjineri tse tukang tse ka hare tsa disele, ho bolelang hore li hloka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi haholoanyane.
Phello
Oli bakeng sa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare tsa diesel e na le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ho feta tsa likarolo tsa peterole. Ha u khetha, u lokela ho hlokomela ho latelwa ha maemo a oli litlhoko tse boletsoeng ke moetsi. Sena se sebetsa ho lienjineri tse tloaelehileng tsa disele le li-unit tsa turbocharged.
hape leka ho tlatsa liteishene tsa peterole tse netefalitsoeng. Haeba mafura a diesel a na le sebabole se phahameng, joale oli e tla hloleha pele ho nako. e leng, se bitsoang nomoro ea motheo (TBN). Ka bomalimabe, bakeng sa linaha tsa post-Soviet ho na le bothata ha mafura a boleng bo tlaase a rekisoa liteisheneng tsa khase. Ka hona, leka ho tlatsa oli ka TBN = 9 ... 12, hangata boleng bona bo bontšoa haufi le maemo a ACEA.
