Battery ea li-ion
Tse ka hare
Betri ea lithium ion kapa betri ea lithium ion ke mofuta oa betri ea lithium
Theknoloji e ntseng e tsoela pele ea ho tsamaea ka elektroniki
Li-smartphone, lik'hamera tse ka har'a board, li-drones, lisebelisoa tsa matla, lithuthuthu tsa motlakase, li-scooters ... libeteri tsa lithium li fumaneha hohle bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi kajeno 'me li fetotse mekhoa e mengata ea ho sebelisa. Empa ha e le hantle li tlisa eng 'me na li ntse li ka iphetola?
История
E ne e le lilemong tsa bo-1970 moo betri ea lithium-ion e ileng ea hlahisoa ke Stanley Whittingham. Mosebetsi oa ho qetela o tla tsoela pele ke John B. Goodenough le Akiro Yoshino ka 1986. E bile ka 1991 moo Sony e ileng ea hlahisa betri ea pele ea mofuta oa eona 'marakeng mme ea qala phetoho ea theknoloji. Ka 2019, baqapi-'moho le bona ba bararo ba ile ba fuoa Khau ea Nobel ho Chemistry.
Hona e sebetsa?
Betri ea lithium-ion ha e le hantle ke pakete ea lisele tse 'maloa tsa lithium-ion tse bolokang le ho khutlisa matla a motlakase. Betri e itšetlehile ka likarolo tse tharo tse kholo: electrode e ntle, e bitsoang cathode, electrode e mpe, e bitsoang anode, le electrolyte, tharollo ea conductive.
Ha betri e tsoa, anode e ntša lielektrone ka electrolyte ho ea ho cathode, eo ka eona e fapanyetsanang li-ion tse ntle. Movement o fetoha ha o ntse o tjhaja.
Ka hona, molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso o ntse o tšoana le oa "lead" betri, ntle le hore mona moeta-pele le oxide e ka sehloohong ea li-electrode li nkeloa sebaka ke cobalt oxide cathode, e kenyelletsang khahla e nyenyane le anode ea graphite. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, sulfuric acid kapa bath ea metsi e fana ka mokhoa oa electrolyte ea letsoai la lithium.
Electrolyte e sebelisoang kajeno e boemong ba mokelikeli, empa lipatlisiso li ntse li lebile ho electrolyte e tiileng, e sireletsehileng le e tšoarellang haholoanyane.
le menyetla
Hobaneng ha betri ea lithium-ion e phahametse motho e mong le e mong lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng?
Karabo e bonolo. Betri ena e fana ka matla a matla haholo, ka hona e fana ka ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea ho boloka boima ba 'mele ha e bapisoa le lead, nickel ...
Libetri tsena li boetse li na le ho itšehla thajana (boholo ba 10% ka khoeli), ha li na tlhokomelo ebile ha li na matla a ho hopola.
Qetellong, haeba li theko e boima ho feta theknoloji ea khale ea betri, li theko e tlaase ho feta lithium polymer (Li-Po) 'me li lula li sebetsa hantle ho feta lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).
Mathata
Leha ho le joalo, libeteri tsa lithium-ion ha li tšoanelehe 'me, haholo-holo, li na le tšenyo e eketsehileng ea lisele haeba li lokolloa ka botlalo. Ka hona, e le hore ba se ke ba lahleheloa ke thepa ea bona ka potlako, ho molemo ho e laela ntle le ho emela hore e be sephara.
Pele ho tsohle, betri e ka baka likotsi tse tebileng tsa polokeho. Ha betri e tletse kapa e theoha ka tlase ho -5 ° C, lithium e tiea ka li-dendrites ho tsoa ho electrode ka 'ngoe. Ha anode le cathode li kopantsoe ke li-dendrite tsa tsona, betri e ka tšoara mollo 'me ea phatloha. Linyeoe tse ngata li tlalehiloe ka Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens kapa Samsung, ho phatloha ho boetse ho etsahetse sefofaneng, kahoo kajeno ho thibetsoe ho nka betri ea lithium-ion sebakeng sa ho ts'oara, 'me ho palama ka kamoreng hangata ho lekanyelitsoe ho latela matla (e hanetsoeng ka holimo). 160 Wh mme ho latela tumello ho tloha ho 100 ho isa ho 160 Wh).
Kahoo, ho loantša ketsahalo ena, bahlahisi ba kentse tšebetsong litsamaiso tsa taolo ea elektronike (BMS) tse khonang ho lekanya mocheso oa betri, ho laola motlakase, le ho sebetsa e le li-circuit breakers ha ho hlaha phoso. Electrolyte e tiileng kapa gel ea polymer le tsona ke litebello tse hlahlojoang ho qoba bothata.
Hape, ho qoba ho futhumala ho feta tekano, ho tjhaja betri ho fokotseha ho feta liperesente tse 20 tsa ho qetela, ka hona, linako tsa ho tjhaja hangata li bapatsoa ho 80% ...
Leha ho le joalo, betri ea lithium-ion e sebetsang haholo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi e na le phello e tebileng tikolohong, pele ka ho ntša lithium, e hlokang tekanyo ea linaleli ea metsi a hloekileng, ebe e e tsosolosa qetellong ea bophelo ba eona. Leha ho le joalo, ho sebelisoa hape kapa ho sebelisoa ho ntse ho eketseha selemo le selemo.
Bokamoso ba lithium ion ke bofe?
Ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele ho ea ho mekhoa e meng ea theknoloji e sa silafatsang, e tšoarellang haholoanyane, e theko e tlaase ho e etsa, kapa e sireletsehileng, na betri ea lithium-ion e fihlile bokhoni ba eona?
Betri ea lithium-ion, e 'nileng ea sebetsa khoebong ka lilemo tse mashome a mararo, ha e e-so be le lentsoe la eona la ho qetela,' me tsoelo-pele e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa matla a matla, lebelo la ho tjhaja, kapa polokeho. Re bone sena ho theosa le lilemo, haholo-holo tšimong ea likoloi tsa mabili a mabeli, moo scooter e neng e le teng feela lik'hilomithara tse mashome a mahlano lilemong tse 5 tse fetileng, lithuthuthu tse ling hona joale li feta li-terminals tsa 200.
Litšepiso tsa phetohelo le tsona ke li-legion tse kang Nawa carbon electrode, Jenax foldable battery, 105 ° C mocheso o sebetsang ho NGK ...
Ka bomalimabe, hangata lipatlisiso li tobane le 'nete e bohloko ea phaello le litlhoko tsa indasteri. Ha ho ntse ho lebeletsoe tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e 'ngoe, haholo-holo e lebelloang ea lithium-air, lithium-ion e ntse e e-na le bokamoso bo khanyang ka pele, haholo-holo lefats'eng la likoloi tse peli tsa motlakase, moo ho fokotseha ha boima le mehato ea maoto e leng litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa.
