Morero oa 68K cruisers
Zheleznyakov nakong ea liteko tsa leoatle. Senepe sa sekepe se tsamaeang ka lebelo le phahameng se ka 'na sa nkoa ka ho eketseha ha lik'hilomithara. Basesisi ba Soviet ba merero ea 26, 26bis, 68K le 68bis ba ne ba e-na le mela e metle, e nang le turret ea setaele sa Italy.
Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-30, ho ile ha etsoa merero e meholo ea kaho ea likepe tse tsamaeang leoatleng USSR. Har'a lihlopha tsa batho ka bomong le lihlopha tse nyenyane tsa likepe, likepe tse bobebe, tse reretsoeng ho sebetsa e le karolo ea lihlopha tsa nakong e tlang, li ne li le bohlokoa. Ho fapana le merero ea bapalami ba mofuta oa 26 Kirov le mofuta oa 26bis Maxim Gorky o seng o hahiloe libakeng tsa likepe tsa malapeng ka thuso ea Mataliana, tse ncha li ne li lokela ho khetholloa ka litšobotsi tse fokolang haholo.
Ka March 1936, Boto ea VMO RKKA (Naval Forces of the Workers' Christian Red Army, eo ka mor'a moo e bitsoang ZVMS) e ile ea fana ka litlhahiso ho Lekhotla la People's Commissars (ke hore, 'muso oa Soviet) ka lihlopha (lihlopha) tsa likepe. ho ahoa. , ho kenyelletsa le bakhanni ba leseli ba nang le lithunya tse 180 mm (morero o ntlafalitsoeng oa mofuta oa 26 oa mofuta oa Kirov). Qeto ea Lekhotla la Basebetsi le Tšireletso ea USSR ea la 27 Motšeanong 1936 e ile ea etsa qeto ea hore na "likepe tse kholo" tsa nakong e tlang li tla ba joang (liner tse 8 tsa phallo e tloaelehileng ea lithane tse 35 le lithane tse 000 tsa 12), ho kenyeletsoa le basesisi ba likepe tse boima ba nang le lithunya tse ngata. ea limilimithara tse 26, hoo e batlang e le ka litsela tsohle tse phahametseng likepe tsa ntoa tsa sehlopha sa Sevastopol tse tšebeletsong. ZVMS le Lefapha le ka Sehloohong la Kaho ea Likepe Tsa Lebotho la Metsing (eo ka mor'a moo e bitsoang GUK) ba ile ba laeloa hore ba lokisetse lenaneo la kaho ea likepe tsena, tse robehileng ho theosa le lilemo ho fihlela 000, 'me hang-hang li qale ho rala li-linear units. joalo ka likepe tse boima le tse bobebe.
Takatso e bakoang ke merero ea Soviet e bohlokoa haholo. Qalong, kakaretso ea lithane tsa likepe tse bontšitsoeng bakeng sa kaho e ne e lokela ho ba lithane tse 1 (!), E neng e le hole le bokhoni ba indasteri ea lehae (ha ho bapisoa, e ne e batla e lekana le kakaretso ea lithane tsa Royal Navy le Sesole sa Metsing sa US nakong eo ho buisanoang ka eona). Leha ho le joalo, re se ke ra lebala hore na “merero” ee e entsoe hokae le tlas’a maemo afe. Ntlha ea pele, matla a sesole a ne a haha likepe tse boima tsa lithunya, 'me ea bobeli, ka nako eo USSR ho ne ho le thata ebile ho le kotsi ho hanyetsa pono ea "mohala o akaretsang". Ho batla litharollo tse ncha ho ne ho ke ke ha etsahala maemong a khatello ea lipolotiki e e-s'o ka e e-ba teng, tlhōrō ea eona e ileng ea etsahala bohareng ba lilemo tsa 727. Ho tloha ha ho nyamela ntle le mohlala ho Stalinist Gulag, ha ho motho ea sireletsehileng, ho akarelletsa le baeta-pele ba likepe le indasteri. Sena se ile sa baka tšitiso ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, 'me ntle le tieho se ile sa baka phokotseho ea boleng ba sehlahisoa (mathata 'ohle a ne a ngotsoe e le "maqiti a lira tsa batho"), ka lebaka leo, kemiso ea ho tsamaisa sekepe le merero ea bona ea kaho e ne e le teng. sitisoa.
Ka la 26 June, 1936, ka taelo ea ’muso, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ’muso ea ho haha “likepe tse khōlō tsa leoatle le leoatle” tse ka khonang ho loana ka mafolofolo le mabotho a sesole sa metsing a “naha leha e le efe ea bokapitale kapa selekane sa eona.” Kahoo, lenaneo la "kaho ea likepe tse kholo" le ile la amoheloa, le fana ka tlhahiso ea lihlopha tse latelang tse kholo (lihlopha):
- sehlopha sa "A" sa ntoa (lithane tse 35 000, lihlopha tse 8 - 4 ho Baltic Fleet le 4 ho Black Sea Fleet);
- likepe tsa ntoa tsa mofuta oa B (lithane tse 26, li-unit tse 000 - 16 Pacific Fleet, 6 ho Baltic Fleet, 4 ho Black Sea Fleet le 4 Severny Fleet);
- likoloi tse bobebe tsa mofuta o mocha (lithane tse 7500, li-unit tse 5 - 3 ho Baltic Fleet le 2 ho Northern Fleet);
- Bakhanni ba leseli ba sehlopha sa Kirov (lithane tse 7300, li-unit tse 15 - 8 ho Pacific Fleet, 3 ho Baltic le 4 Leoatleng le Letšo).
Leha ho le joalo, ka la 17 July, 1937, tumellano ea Anglo-Soviet e ile ea tekenoa London ho fokotsa palo ea likepe tsa lihlopha tse kholo, ho latela seo USSR e ileng ea itlama ho latela litumellano tsa machaba lebaleng la libetsa tsa metsing le meeli e hlahang ho. bona. Sena e ne e le ka lebaka la taelo e ’ngoe ea ’muso, e ileng ea amoheloa ka la 13-15 August, “ka ho nchafatsoa ha lenaneo la kaho ea likepe la 1936.” Ka September selemong sena, 'muso o ile oa hlahisoa "Leano la ho Haha Likepe la Lebotho la Lebotho le Lefubelu", moo lihlopha tse tšoanang li neng li ntse li le teng: Mofuta oa 6 oa A (4 bakeng sa Pacific Fleet le 2 bakeng sa Northern Fleet), Mofuta oa 12. B (2 bakeng sa Pacific Fleet, 6 bakeng sa Baltytsk Fleet
le 4 bakeng sa Leoatle le Letšo), likoloi tse 10 tse boima le tse 22 tse bobebe (ho kenyeletsoa sehlopha sa Kirov). Morero ona ha o so amoheloe ka molao. Ts'ebetsong ea eona e ne e boetse e belaelloa, empa moralo oa likepe, le lisebelisoa tsa libetsa tse sieo, li ile tsa tsoela pele.
Ka February 1938, Main Naval Staff e ile ea hlahisa ho People's Commissariat of Industry "Lenaneo la kaho ea likepe tsa ntoa le tse thusang bakeng sa 1938-1945." Pele ho qhoma ntoa le Jeremane (June 22, 1941), e ne e tsejoa e le "lenaneo le leholo" 'me le kenyelletsa: likepe tsa ntoa tse 15, likoloi tse boima tse 15, 28 light cruisers (ho kenyeletsoa sehlopha sa 6 Kirov) le lihlopha tse ling tse ngata. le mefuta. Tlhokomelo e lebisoa ho phokotso ea palo ea likepe tsa ntoa ha e ntse e e eketsa maemong a likepe tse bobebe. Ka August 6, 1939, People's Commissar e ncha ea Navy N.G. Kuznetsov e ile ea hlahisa 'muso "Leano la Lilemo Tse Leshome la Kaho ea Sekepe sa Navy," le faneng ka kaho ea, ho akarelletsa: 15 mofuta oa likepe, 16 cruisers le 32 light. bapalami ba likepe (ho kenyeletsoa 6 "Kirov"). Ha ho nahanoa ka bokhoni ba sebele ba indasteri, ho kenyelletsa le libaka tsa marang-rang, e arotsoe ka lithuto tse peli tsa lilemo tse hlano - 1938-1942 le 1943-1947. Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore morero o ka sehloohong oa merero ena e ne e le ho hahoa ha likepe tse boima tsa lithunya, tseo Comrade Stalin a neng a li rata ka boeena, bapalami ba leseli ba ile ba boela ba etsa karolo ea bohlokoa ea mekhoa e reriloeng 'me ba hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng. Morero oa nts'etsopele o boletsoeng ka holimo bakeng sa Lebotho la Lebotho la Lefubelu la 1936 le ile la nahanela tlhokahalo ea sekepe se secha sa sehlopha sena, se reretsoeng ho sebetsa e le karolo ea sehlopha sa likepe tse tsamaeang.
