Mokhoa oa ho khanna o sebetsa joang

Mmuso oa Jeremane haufinyane o phatlalalitse hore o batla ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji le merero ea ho theha meaho e khethehileng ea makoloi. Alexander Dobrindt, Letona la Lipalangoang la Jeremane, o phatlalalitse hore karolo ea makoloi a A9 ho tloha Berlin ho ea Munich e tla hahuoa ka tsela eo likoloi tse ikemetseng li ka tsamaeang ka boiketlo tseleng eohle.

Bukana ea mantsoe a khutsufatso

ABS Sistimi e thibelang ho thibela. Sistimi e sebelisoang likoloing ho thibela senotlolo sa mabili.

ACC Setaolo sa sekepe se feto-fetohang. Sesebediswa se bolokang sebaka se loketseng se bolokehileng dipakeng tsa makoloi a tsamayang.

AD Ho khanna ka boiketsetso. Sistimi ea ho khanna e ikemetseng ke lentsoe le sebelisoang ke Mercedes.

ADAS Sistimi e tsoetseng pele ea thuso ea mokhanni. Sistimi e atolositsoeng ea tšehetso ea mokhanni (joalo ka tharollo ea Nvidia)

BOTSANG Advanced intelligent cruise control. Radar e thehiloeng ho adaptive cruise control

AVGS Mokhoa o ikemetseng oa ho laola koloi. Mokhoa oa ho lebela le oa ho khanna (mohlala, sebakeng sa ho paka makoloi)

DIV Likoloi tse bohlale tse se nang motho. Likoloi tse bohlale tse se nang bakhanni

ECS Likarolo tsa elektronike le litsamaiso. Lebitso le akaretsang la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki

IoT Inthanete ea lintho. Inthanete ea Lintho

HAE Litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa lipalangoang. Mekhoa ea Lipalangoang e Bohlale

LITLHAKU Ho fumana leseli le ho fapana. Sesebelisoa se sebetsang joalo ka radar - se kopanya laser le telescope.

LKAS Sistimi e thusang ea ho boloka lene. Thuso ea ho Boloka Lane

V2I Koloi-mahaho. Puisano pakeng tsa koloi le lisebelisoa tsa motheo

V2V Koloi ho ea koloing. Puisano pakeng tsa likoloi

Moralo ona o kenyeletsa, hara tse ding, ho thehwa ha meralo ya motheo ho tshehetsa dikgokahano dipakeng tsa makoloi; Bakeng sa merero ena, ho tla fanoa ka maqhubu a 700 MHz.

Boitsebiso bona ha bo bontše feela hore Jeremane e tebile ka tsoelo-pele motorization ntle le bakganni. Ka tsela, sena se etsa hore batho ba utloisise hore likoloi tse se nang batho ha se likoloi feela ka botsona, likoloi tsa morao-rao tse kentsoeng ka li-sensor le li-radar, empa hape le tsamaiso eohle ea tsamaiso, mekhoa ea motheo le ea puisano. Ha ho utloahale ho khanna koloi e le 'ngoe.

Lintlha tse ngata

Ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea khase e hloka sistimi ea li-sensor le li-processor (1) bakeng sa ho lemoha, ho sebetsana le data le karabelo e potlakileng. Sena sohle se lokela ho etsahala ka tatellano ka nako ea millisecond. Tlhokahalo e 'ngoe bakeng sa lisebelisoa ke ho tšepahala le kutloisiso e phahameng.

Ka mohlala, lik'hamera li hloka ho ba le boemo bo phahameng e le hore li ka lemoha lintlha tse ntle. Ho feta moo, sena sohle se tlameha ho tšoarella, se hanyetsane le maemo a fapaneng, mocheso, litšisinyeho le litlamorao tse ka bang teng.

Phello e ke keng ea qojoa ea kenyelletso likoloi tse se nang bakhanni ke tšebeliso ea theknoloji ea Big Data, ke hore, ho fumana, ho sefa, ho hlahloba le ho arolelana lintlha tse ngata ka nako e khutšoanyane. Ho phaella moo, litsamaiso li tlameha ho ba tse sireletsehileng, tse hanyetsanang le litlhaselo tse ka ntle le tšitiso e ka lebisang likotsing tse kholo.

Likoloi tse se nang bakhanni ba tla khanna feela litseleng tse lokiselitsoeng ka ho khetheha. Litsela tse lerootho le tse sa bonahaleng tseleng ha li eo. Litheknoloji tse bohlale tsa puisano - koloi ho ea koloing le koloi-to-infrastructure, e tsejoang hape e le V2V le V2I, e nolofalletsa phapanyetsano ea tlhahisoleseding pakeng tsa likoloi tse tsamaeang le tikoloho.

Ke ho bona moo bo-rasaense le baqapi ba bonang bokhoni ba bohlokoa ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho hlahisa likoloi tse ikemetseng. V2V e sebelisa maqhubu a 5,9 GHz, hape a sebelisoang ke Wi-Fi, sehlopheng sa 75 MHz se nang le mefuta e mengata ea 1000. Puisano ea V2I ke ntho e rarahaneng haholo 'me ha e kenye feela puisano e tobileng le likarolo tsa mekhoa ea litsela.

Ena ke kopano e pharaletseng le ho ikamahanya le maemo a koloi ho sephethephethe le ho sebelisana le tsamaiso eohle ea tsamaiso ea sephethephethe. Ka tloaelo, koloi e se nang motho e na le lik'hamera, li-radar le li-sensor tse khethehileng tseo ka tsona e "bonang" le "ho utloa" lefatše le ka ntle (2).

Limmapa tse felletseng li kentsoe mohopolong oa eona, e nepahetse ho feta mokhoa oa ho tsamaea oa koloi. Sistimi ea ho tsamaisa GPS ka har'a likoloi tse se nang mokhanni e tlameha ho nepahala haholo. Ho nepahala ha lisenthimithara tse ka bang leshome le metso e 'meli ho bohlokoa. Kahoo, mochine o khomarela lebanta.

1. Ho haha ​​koloi e ikemetseng

Lefatše la li-sensor le limmapa tse nepahetseng haholo

Bakeng sa taba ea hore koloi ka boeona e khomarela tsela, tsamaiso ea li-sensor e ikarabella. Ho boetse ho na le li-radar tse peli tse eketsehileng mahlakoreng a bumper e ka pele ho bona likoloi tse ling tse atamelang mahlakoreng ka bobeli mateanong a litsela. Li-sensor tse ling tse 'ne kapa ho feta li kentsoe likhutlong tsa' mele ho lekola litšitiso tse ka bang teng.

2. Seo koloi e ikemetseng e se bonang le ho se utloa

Khamera e ka pele e nang le sebaka sa pono sa 90-degree e lemoha mebala, kahoo e tla bala matšoao a sephethephethe le matšoao a tsela. Li-sensor tsa bohole ka har'a likoloi li tla u thusa ho boloka sebaka se hole le likoloi tse ling tseleng.

Hape, ka lebaka la radar, koloi e tla boloka hole le likoloi tse ling. Haeba e sa bone likoloi tse ling ka har'a limithara tse 30, e tla khona ho eketsa lebelo la eona.

Li-sensor tse ling li tla thusa ho felisa seo ho thoeng ke. Matheba a foufetseng tseleng le ho lemoha lintho tse hole tse ka bapisoang le bolelele ba mabala a mabeli a bolo ea maoto ka lehlakoreng ka leng. Theknoloji ea tšireletso e tla ba molemo haholo-holo literateng tse phetheselang le mateanong a litsela. Ho sireletsa koloi ka ho eketsehileng ho thulana, lebelo la eona le phahameng le tla lekanyetsoa ho 40 km / h.

W koloi e hlokang mokganni Pelo ea Google le ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea moralo ke laser ea Velodyne ea 64 e behiloeng marulelong a koloi. Sesebelisoa se potoloha ka potlako haholo, kahoo koloi e "bona" ​​setšoantšo sa 360-degree ho pota-pota.

Motsotsoana o mong le o mong, ho tlalehoa lintlha tse limilione tse 1,3 hammoho le sebaka sa tsona le tsela eo li tsamaeang ka eona. Sena se theha mofuta oa lefatše oa 3D, oo sistimi e e bapisang le limmapa tse nang le liqeto tse phahameng. Ka lebaka leo, litsela li bōptjoa ka thuso ea hore koloi e pota-potile litšitiso le ho latela melao ea tsela.

Ho phaella moo, tsamaiso e fumana boitsebiso bo tsoang ho li-radar tse 'nè tse ka pele le ka mor'a koloi, tse khethollang boemo ba likoloi tse ling le lintho tse ka' nang tsa hlaha ka tsela e sa lebelloang tseleng. Khamera e haufi le seipone se shebileng ka morao e nka mabone le matšoao a tsela 'me e lula e beha leihlo hore na koloi e hokae.

Mosebetsi oa eona o tlatsetsoa ke sistimi e sa sebetseng e nkang sebaka sa ho lata maemo hohle moo lets'oao la GPS le sa fihleng - lithaneleng, lipakeng tsa meaho e melelele kapa libakeng tsa ho paka makoloi. E sebedisetsoa ho khanna koloi: litšoantšo tse bokelloang ha ho etsoa polokelo ea boitsebiso ka mokhoa oa Google Street View ke linepe tse felletseng tsa literata tsa litoropo ho tsoa linaheng tse 48 ho pota lefatše.

Ha e le hantle, sena ha sea lekana bakeng sa ho khanna ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le tsela e sebelisoang ke likoloi tsa Google (haholo-holo linaheng tsa California le Nevada, moo ho khanna ho lumelloang tlas'a maemo a itseng). likoloi tse se nang mokhanni) li ngotsoe ka nepo esale pele nakong ea maeto a khethehileng. Google Cars e sebetsa ka mekhahlelo e mene ea data e bonoang.

Tse peli tsa tsona ke mefuta e nepahetseng haholo ea sebaka seo koloi e tsamaeang ho sona. Ea boraro e na le 'mapa o qaqileng oa litsela. Ea bone ke lintlha tsa papiso ea likarolo tse tsitsitseng tsa naha le tse tsamaeang (3). Ntle le moo, ho na le li-algorithms tse latelang ho tsoa ho psychology ea sephethephethe, mohlala, ho supa monyako o monyane hore o batla ho tšela mateano a litsela.

Mohlomong, tsamaisong ea litsela e ikemetseng ea bokamoso ntle le batho ba hlokang ho etsoa ho utloisisa ntho e itseng, e tla fetoha e sa hlokahaleng, 'me likoloi li tla tsamaea ho ea ka melao e nkiloeng pele le li-algorithms tse hlalositsoeng ka thata.

3. Kamoo Google's Auto Koloi e Bona Potoloho ea Eona

Mekhahlelo ea boiketsetso

Boemo ba ho iketsetsa koloi bo hlahlojoa ho latela mekhoa e meraro ea motheo. Ea pele e amana le bokhoni ba tsamaiso ea ho laola koloi, ha e ea pele le ha e tsamaea. Ntlha ea bobeli e ama motho ea ka koloing le bokhoni ba hae ba ho etsa ntho e 'ngoe ntle le ho khanna koloi.

Ntlha ea boraro e kenyelletsa boitšoaro ba koloi ka boeona le bokhoni ba eona ba ho "utloisisa" se etsahalang tseleng. Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Baenjiniere ba Likoloi (SAE International) o arola li-automation tsa litsela ka mekhahlelo e tšeletseng.

Mabapi le boiketsetso ho tloha ho 0 ho ea ho 2 ntlha e ka sehloohong e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho khanna ke motho ea khannang (4). Litharollo tse tsoetseng pele haholo maemong ana li kenyelletsa Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), e ntlafalitsoeng ke Bosch mme e sebelisoa haholo likoloing tsa mabothobotho.

Ho fapana le cruise control ea khale, e hlokang hore mokhanni a lule a lekola bohōle ba koloi e ka pele, e boetse e etsetsa mokhanni mosebetsi o fokolang. Li-sensor tse ngata, li-radar le li-interfacing tsa tsona le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa koloi (ho kenyeletsoa koloi, braking) li qobella koloi e nang le taolo ea ho tsamaea ka sekepe ho boloka lebelo le behiloeng feela, empa hape le sebaka se sireletsehileng ho tloha koloing e ka pele.

4. Maemo a ho iketsetsa likoloi ho latela SAE le NHTSA

Tsamaiso e tla brake koloi ha ho hlokahala le fokotsa lebelo le le lengho qoba ho thulana le bokamorao ba koloi e ka pele. Ha maemo a tsela a tsitsitse, koloi e potlakisa hape ho lebelo le behiloeng.

Sesebelisoa sena se molemo haholo tseleng e kholo 'me se fana ka boemo bo phahameng haholo ba tšireletso ho feta tsamaiso ea setso ea ho tsamaea ka sekepe, e ka bang kotsi haholo haeba e sebelisoa hampe. Tharollo e 'ngoe e tsoetseng pele e sebelisoang boemong bona ke LDW (Temoso ea ho Tsamaea ka Lane, Lane Assist), e leng mokhoa o sebetsang o etselitsoeng ho ntlafatsa polokeho ea ho khanna ka ho u lemosa haeba u tloha tseleng ka boomo.

E ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea setšoantšo - kh'amera e hokahantsoeng le komporo ea li-monitor tse fokotsang matšoao 'me, ka ts'ebelisano le li-sensor tse fapaneng, e lemosa mokhanni (mohlala, ka ho sisinyeha ha setulo) mabapi le phetoho ea lane, ntle le ho bulela letšoao.

Maemong a phahameng a boiketsetso, ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 5, litharollo tse ling li hlahisoa butle-butle. Level 3 e tsejoa e le "conditional automation". Joale koloi e fumana tsebo, ke hore, e bokella lintlha ka tikoloho.

Nako e lebelletsoeng ea karabelo ea mokhanni oa motho ka mofuta ona e eketsehile ho isa ho metsotsoana e mengata, ha maemong a tlase e ne e le motsotsoana feela. The on-board system e laola koloi ka boeona mme ha feela ho hlokahala a tsebisa motho ka boitshunyako bo hlokehang.

Leha ho le joalo, ba qetellang ba ka ’na ba etsa ntho e ’ngoe ka ho feletseng, e kang ho bala kapa ho shebella filimi, ho itokisetsa ho khanna hafeela ho hlokahala. Boemong ba 4 le 5, nako e lekantsoeng ea karabelo ea motho e eketseha ho fihlela metsotso e 'maloa ha koloi e ntse e fumana bokhoni ba ho itšoara ka boikemelo tseleng eohle.

Joale motho a ka khaotsa ka ho feletseng ho thahasella ho khanna 'me, ka mohlala, a robala. Sehlopha sa SAE se hlahisitsoeng le sona ke mofuta oa polane ea likoloi. E seng eona feela. American Highway Traffic Safety Agency (NHTSA) e sebelisa karohano ka mekhahlelo e mehlano, ho tloha ho motho ka botlalo - 0 ho isa ho othomathiki ka botlalo - 4.