Mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa othomathiki o sebetsa joang

Phetiso ea othomathiki, kapa transmission ea othomathiki, ke phetiso e khethang tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lisebelisoa ho latela maemo a ho khanna ntle le ho kenya letsoho ha mokhanni. Sena se etsa bonnete ba ho tsamaea hantle ha koloi, hammoho le ho khanna matšeliso bakeng sa mokhanni.

Bakhanni ba bangata ba likoloi ha ba khone ho tseba "mechanics" le ho rarahana ha lisebelisoa tsa gear ka tsela leha e le efe, kahoo ba fetohela ho likoloi tse nang le "automatic" ntle le tika-tiko. Empa mona ho tlameha ho hopoloa hore mabokose a ikemetseng a fapane 'me e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e na le litšobotsi tsa eona.

Mefuta ea phetiso ea othomathiki

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea mantlha ea phetisetso ea othomathike - mochini oa liroboto, phetiso ea variator le hydromechanical.

Lebokose la li-gearbox tsa hydromechanical. Mofuta o tummeng ka ho fetisisa oa li-gearbox, o tsejoa ho tloha mefuteng ea khale ea likoloi tsa pele tse nang le mechine e ikemetseng. Lintho tse ikhethang tsa lebokose lena li kenyelletsa taba ea hore mabili le enjene ha li na kamano e tobileng 'me "mokelikeli" oa torque converter o ikarabella bakeng sa phetiso ea torque.

Melemo ea mochini o joalo oa othomathike ke bonolo ba ho switjha, bokhoni ba ho "cheka" torque ea lienjineri tse matla haholo le ho pholoha ho hoholo ha mabokose a joalo. Cons - tšebeliso e phahameng ea mafura, ho eketseha ha boima ba koloi, ho se ratehe ho feteletseng ha ho hula koloi ka lebokose le joalo.

Mofuta o fapaneng (CVT). Lebokose lena le na le phapang e kholo ho feta "automatic" e tloaelehileng. Ha e le hantle, ha ho na ntho e kang "ho fetoha" ho eona, ke ka lebaka leo lebokose lena le bitsoang "phetisetso e sa khaotseng". Karo-karolelano ea gear phetisong e joalo ea othomathiki e fetoha khafetsa le hantle, e u lumella ho "petetsa" matla a mangata ho tsoa enjeneng.

Bothata bo ka sehloohong ba variator ke monotony ea "molumo". Ho potlakisa ho matla ha koloi ho etsahala ka molumo o ts'oanang oa enjene, oo e seng bakhanni bohle ba ka o mamellang. Mehlala e mecha, ba lekile ho rarolla bothata bona ka ho theha likere tsa "pseudo", ha mofetoleli o batla ho etsisa ts'ebetso ea li-gearbox tsa othomathike tsa khale. Melemo ea li-variator e kenyelletsa boima bo tlase, bokhoni le matla a matle. Bothata ke tokiso e theko e boima haholo ea li-gearbox tsa othomathike, hammoho le ho se khone ho sebetsa ka lienjineri tse matla.

Mechine ea liroboto. Ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng, lebokose le joalo le tšoana haholo le lebokose le tloaelehileng la mechine. E na le clutch (kapa tse 'maloa) le li-shafts tsa phetiso ea matla ho tsoa enjeneng. Tabeng ea li-clutches tse peli, e 'ngoe ea tsona e ikarabella bakeng sa esita le li-gear,' me ea bobeli bakeng sa tse sa tloaelehang. Hang ha lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li etsa qeto ea hore hoa hlokahala ho fetola, disc ea clutch e le 'ngoe e bula hantle,' me ea bobeli, ho fapana le hoo, e koala. Phapang e kholo ho tloha lebokoseng la litaelo ke ho laola ka ho feletseng. Mokhoa oa ho khanna ha o fetohe, o ntseng o tšoana le ho khanna "automatic".

Melemo e kenyelletsa tšebeliso e fokotsehileng ea mafura, theko e theko e tlase, lebelo le phahameng haholo la ho fetoha ha gear le boima bo tlase ba gearbox. Lebokose lena le boetse le na le mathata. Ka mekhoa e meng ea ho khanna, ho fetoha ho ka utloahala ka matla (haholo-holo mefuta ea pele ea mabokose a mofuta ona e ne e le tlas'a sena). E theko e boima ebile e thata ho e lokisa ha e ka hloleha.

*Litsebi tsa Volkswagen li thehile roboto e ncha, e ikhethangth boikhethelo lebokoseу lisebelisoa tsa moloko oa bobeli - DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox). Sena Phetiso ea motlakase e kopanya mekhoa eohle ea morao-rao ea phetisetso ea mefuta e fapaneng. Ho fetola li-gear ho etsoa ka letsoho, empa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le mekhoa e fapaneng ea boiketsetso li ikarabella bakeng sa ts'ebetso eohle.

Auto transmission e entsoe ka eng?

Baetsi ba Gearbox ba lula ba ntlafatsa moralo oa bona ka boiteko ba ho etsa hore e be le moruo le ho sebetsa. Leha ho le joalo, phetiso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea othomathiki e na le lintlha tse latelang tsa mantlha:

• mofetoleli oa torque. E na le mabili a pompo le turbine, actor;
• pompo ea oli;
• lisebelisoa tsa lipolanete. Ka moralo oa likere, lihlopha tsa li-clutches le li-clutches;
• Sistimi ea taolo ea elektronike - li-sensor, 'mele oa valve (solenoids + spool valves), lever ea khetho.

Sesebelisoa sa converter ka phetiso ea othomathiki, e etsa mosebetsi oa clutch: e fetisetsa le ho eketsa torque ho tloha enjene ho ea lebokoseng la gear ea polanete mme e hakolla phetiso ea enjene ka bokhutšoane ho fetola lisebelisoa.

Lebili la pompo le hokahantsoe le crankshaft ea enjene, 'me lebili la turbine le hokahantsoe le lebokose la gear ea polanete ka moqomo. Reactor e teng pakeng tsa mabili. Mabili le reactor li na le mahare a sebopeho se itseng. Lintho tsohle tsa torque converter li bokelloa ntlong e le 'ngoe, e tletseng mokelikeli oa ATF.

Polanete e fokotsang e na le lisebelisoa tse 'maloa tsa lipolanete. Sesebelisoa se seng le se seng sa lipolanete se kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi (bohareng), mochini o tsamaisang polanete o nang le lisebelisoa tsa sathelaete le lisebelisoa tsa moqhaka (ring). Karolo efe kapa efe ea lisebelisoa tsa polanete e ka potoloha kapa ea thibela (joalo ka ha re ngotse kaholimo, ho potoloha ho fetisoa ho tsoa ho converter ea torque).

Ho chencha gear e itseng (ea pele, ea bobeli, e khutlisetsang morao, joalo-joalo), o hloka ho thibela ntho e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta tsa polanete. Ho sebelisoa li-clutches le mariki bakeng sa sena. Ho tsamaea ha li-clutches le mariki ho laoloa ka li-piston ka khatello ea mokelikeli o sebetsang oa ATF.

Sistimi ea taolo ea elektroniki. Hantle haholo, electro-hydraulic, hobane. li-hydraulic li sebelisoa ho fetola likere ka kotloloho (ho tima / ho tima li-clutch le li-brake band) le ho thibela enjene ea turbine ea khase, 'me lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki li sebelisoa ho lokisa phallo ea mokelikeli o sebetsang. Sistimi e na le:

• hydroblock. Ke poleiti ea tšepe e nang le likanale tse ngata tseo ho tsona li-valve tsa motlakase (solenoids) le li-sensor li kenngoang. Ha e le hantle, 'mele oa valve o laola ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea othomathike ho latela lintlha tse fumanoeng ho tsoa ho ECU. E fetisa metsi ka likanale ho ea ho likarolo tsa mochini tsa lebokose - li-clutches le mariki;
• li-sensor - lebelo la ho kena le ho tsoa ka lebokoseng, mocheso oa mokelikeli, boemo ba lever, boemo ba pedal ea khase. Hape, yuniti ea taolo ea phetisetso ea othomathiki e sebelisa data ho tsoa ho karolo ea taolo ea enjene;
• lever ea khetho;
• ECU - e bala data ea sensor mme e khetha logic ea gearshift ho latela lenaneo.

Molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea lebokose le ikemetseng

Ha mokhanni a qala koloi, crankshaft ea enjene ea potoloha. Pompo ea oli e qalisoa ho tloha crankshaft, e etsang le ho boloka khatello ea oli tsamaisong ea hydraulic ea lebokose. Pompo e fana ka mokelikeli ho lebili la pompo ea torque converter, e qala ho potoloha. Li-vanes tsa mokelikeli oa lebili la pompo ho ea lebiling la turbine, le tsona li etsa hore le potoloha. Ho thibela oli hore e se ke ea khutlela morao, mochini o tsitsitseng o nang le mahare a tlhophiso e khethehileng o kentsoe pakeng tsa mabili - e lokisa tataiso le letsoalo la phallo ea oli, e hokahanya mabili ka bobeli. Ha lebelo la ho potoloha ha turbine le mabili a pompo li tsamaisana, mochini o qala ho potoloha le bona. Motsotso ona o bitsoa ntlha ea ankora.

Ho feta moo, k'homphieutha, 'mele oa valve le lebokose la lipolanete li kenyelelitsoe mosebetsing. Mokhanni o suthisetsa lehare sebakeng se itseng. Boitsebiso bo baloa ke sensor e lumellanang, e fetisetsoang ho ECU, 'me e qala lenaneo le lumellanang le mokhoa o khethiloeng. Ka nako ena, likarolo tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa polanete lia potoloha, ha tse ling li tsitsitse. 'Mele oa li-valve o na le boikarabello ba ho lokisa likarolo tsa lebokose la li-gearbox: ATF e fanoa tlas'a khatello ka liteishene tse itseng ebe e hatella lipiston tsa likhohlano.

Joalo ka ha re ngotse kaholimo, li-hydraulic li sebelisoa ho bulela / tima li-clutches le li-brake band ho li-transmission tsa othomathiki. Sistimi ea taolo ea elektroniki e etsa qeto ea nako ea ho fetoha ha gear ka lebelo le boima ba enjene. Lebelo le leng le le leng la lebelo (boemo ba khatello ea oli) 'meleng oa valve o lumellana le mocha o itseng.

Ha mokhanni a hatella khase, li-sensor li bala lebelo le mojaro ho enjene ebe li fetisetsa data ho ECU. E itšetlehile ka lintlha tse fumanoeng, ECU e qala lenaneo le lumellanang le mokhoa o khethiloeng: e khetholla boemo ba likoloi le tataiso ea ho potoloha ha tsona, e lekanya khatello ea metsi, e romela letšoao ho solenoid e itseng (valve) le mocha. e tsamaellanang le lebelo le bulehang mmeleng wa valve. Ka mocha, mokelikeli o kena ka har'a li-piston tsa li-clutch le li-brake band, tse thibelang likere tsa gearbox ea polanete ka tlhophiso e lakatsehang. Sena se bulela / tima lisebelisoa tse lakatsehang.

Ho fetoha ha li-gear ho boetse ho ipapisitse le mofuta oa ho eketseha ha lebelo: ka ho potlakisa ha bonolo, likere li eketseha ka tatellano, ka ho potlakisa ho matla, gear e tlase e tla qala ho bulela. Sena se boetse se amana le khatello: ha u hatella ka bonolo pedal ea khase, khatello e eketseha butle-butle 'me valve e bula butle-butle. Ka ho potlakisa ho hlabang, khatello e phahama ka matla, e beha khatello e ngata holim'a valve 'me ha e lumelle hore e bule hang-hang.

Electronics e atolositse haholo bokhoni ba li-transmission tsa othomathiki. Melemo ea khale ea phetisetso ea othomathike ea hydromechanical e ekelitsoe ka tse ncha: mefuta e fapaneng ea mekhoa, bokhoni ba ho itlhahloba, ho ikamahanya le mokhoa oa ho khanna, bokhoni ba ho khetha mokhoa ka letsoho le moruo oa mafura.

Phapano ke efe lipakeng tsa transmissions ea othomathiki?

Bakhanni ba bangata ba tsoela pele ho sheba ka mafolofolo phetiso ea othomathiki, 'me ho na le lethathamo le pharaletseng la mabaka a sena. Hape, mechine e tloaelehileng ha e e-s'o nyamele kae kapa kae. Variator butle-butle e eketsa boteng ba eona. Ha e le liroboto, liphetolelo tsa pele tsa mabokose ana li ntse li senyeha, empa li nkeloa sebaka ke litharollo tse ntlafalitsoeng joalo ka li-gearbox tsa preselective.

Ka sepheo, esita le li-transmission tsa othomathike tse tšepahalang ka ho fetesisa li ke ke tsa fana ka boemo bo ts'epahalang le bo tšoarellang joalo ka mechini. Ka nako e ts'oanang, phetisetso ea bukana e bonahala e le tlaase ho ea ka matšeliso, 'me e tobana le mokhanni ka tlhokahalo ea ho nehelana ka nako e ngata le ho ela hloko khetho ea clutch le phetisetso.

Haeba u leka ho sheba boemo ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, joale re ka re mehleng ea rona ho molemo ebile ho molemo ho nka koloi. ka classic. Mabokose a joalo a tšepahala, a theko e tlaase bakeng sa ho lokisoa le ho hlokomeloa, 'me a ikutloa a le motle maemong a fapaneng a ts'ebetso.

Ha e le hore na ke lebokose lefe la li-gearbox u tla phutholoha haholoanyane, u be betere ebile u le monate ho khanna, joale u ka beha sebaka sa pele ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng drive e fetolehang.

Mechini ea liroboto e tla lumellana le beng ba likoloi ba ratang mokhoa o khutsitseng oa ho tsamaea toropong le tseleng e kholo, le ba batlang ho boloka mafura ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. lebokose la khetho (moloko oa bobeli oa li-gearbox tsa liroboto) e nepahetse bakeng sa ho khanna ka mahlahahlaha, lebelo le phahameng le ho tsamaisoa ka lebelo le holimo.

E, haeba re nka tekanyo ea ho tšepahala har'a li-transmissions tsa othomathike, joale sebaka sa pele ke mohlomong converter ea torque. Li-CVT le liroboto li arolelana boemo ba bobeli.

Ho itšetlehile ka maikutlo a litsebi le likhakanyo tsa bona, bokamoso e ntse e le ba CVTs le mabokose a khethiloeng pele. Ba ntse ba e-na le tsela e telele ea ho hōla le ho ntlafatsa. Empa hona joale mabokose ana a ntse a e-ba bonolo, a phutholohile ebile a na le moruo, kahoo a hohela bamameli ba bangata ba bareki. Seo u lokelang ho se khetha hantle, ho ho uena.