Lekola Nalane ea Phetiso ea Likoloi - Karolo ea 3

Karolong ena ea ho qetela o tla fumana mefuta e fapaneng ea tharollo ea sejoale-joale sebakeng sena.

Kajeno, lefats'e la phetisetso le fapane ho feta leha e le neng pele, 'me lik'hamphani tsa likoloi le bafani ba thepa ba tlanngoe ke likamano tse rarahaneng le litumellano tse lebisang ho thehoeng ha lihlahisoa tsa theknoloji e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ho tloha ho li-transmissions tse nyenyane tsa CVT ho ea ho tse robong tsa lebelo la motlakase.

Lilemong tsa bo-50, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e bonahala e nka setšoantšo se hlakileng sa kristale: bakeng sa Maamerika, phetisetso ea othomathike e se e le ea bohlokoa, 'me ho batho ba Europe, phetisetso ea matsoho e ntse e le eona ntho ea pele. Leha ho le joalo, polelo e tšoanang e ka sebelisoa ho 70s - ha rea ​​​​lokela ho lebala hore "motorization" ea 'nete ea Europe (Bophirima) e qalile hantle ka nako eo, hobane 80s e ntse e le lilemo tsa ho tsosolosa lithako tsa ntoa. Histori e bontša hore setšoantšo se ne se sa fapane haholo lilemong tsa bo-2000, le hoja libakeng tse ling tsa Europe li-automatics li ile tsa qala ho hlaha ka likoloi tse majabajaba. E ne e se ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-90 moo ho fihla ha 'muso oa elektronike ho ileng ha qala ho fetola leqhubu molemong oa ho tsamaisa li-transmission le Old Continent. Empa esita le ka 80, ha karolo ea likoloi tse ncha e fihla ho karolo ea 15 lekholong United States le karolo ea 4 lekholong Japane, ke karolo ea 5 lekholong feela ea batho ba Europe e ileng ea khetha tharollo ena. Ha e le hantle, motho a ke ke a nyenyefatsa karolo ea kelello tabeng ena le takatso e nang le morero ea ho qetela ea ho fetola likoloi ka bobona. Ka nako eo, e ne e ntse e le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa 2002 le 6th - e bile ho fihlela '8 moo ZF e ileng ea hlahisa moloko oa pele oa phetisetso ea lebelo la 8HP ho ba isa ho XNUMXHP, lilemo tse supileng hamorao ho ZF XNUMXHP. E qetellang e fetoha phetoho ea 'nete, eseng feela ka palo ea likere, empa hape le boiketlo bo phethahetseng ba ts'ebetso, boo ka lebaka la baenjiniere ba BMW le ho kopanngoa ha bona hantle letotong la bosupa ho tlisitsoe phethehong.

Ka sebele ena ke nako ea phetoho e hlollang hobane ka nako eo ZF e ne e tsoela pele ho fana ka 4HP bakeng sa Peugeot 407 le 5HP bakeng sa VW le Skoda. Ebile, ka lilemo tse fetang 13, karolo ea phetisetso ea othomathike lefatšeng ka bophara e eketsehile, e fihla ho liperesente tse 46 ka 2014. Ho sa tsotellehe keketseho ea palo ea likoloi, boholo le boima ba 'mele li fokotsehile,' me ho se ho ntse ho e-na le ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe bakeng sa bohle mona. Le likoloi tse nyane joalo ka Honda Jazz le tsona li tla fumana li-gearbox tse peli tsa clutch. Mercedes le ZF li hlahisa likarolo tse robong tsa mehato ka tatellano. GM le Ford li ntse li sebetsa ka thata ho projeke ea phetisetso ea othomathiki ea lebelo le leshome ho khahlano le Chrysler ea Amerika, eo hajoale e lokollang mofuta o laesense oa ZF 8HP. Ha tsoelo-pele ea li-transmissions tsa matsoho e ntse e tsoela pele ho ea ho li-gear tse betere, ho nolofatsa le ho fetoha ho nepahetseng haholoanyane, ho tlisa likoloi tse ling phethehong hoo e ka bang ho nyelisa ho li amoha, li-automatics joale li na le khetho e kholo ea likhetho. Har'a likoloi tsohle tse nang le li-automatic transmissions tse rekisoang ka 2014, liperesente tse 49 ke li-transmission tsa khale tse nang le likere tse 6 kapa ho feta, 'me ke liperesente tse 15 feela tse nang le likere tse ka tlase ho tse 6. Li-CVT li etsa liperesente tse 20, liperesente tse 9 tsa phetiso ea li-clutch tse peli, 'me li-transmission tsa automated manual ke karolo ea 3 lekholong feela, joalo ka phetisetso ea likoloi tse nyalisitsoeng le tsa motlakase. Lipalo tsena li pata lintlha tse thata: karolo e ka sehloohong ea phetisetso ea DSG, mohlala, e 'marakeng Europe, ea khale Europe le USA,' me karolo e phahameng ea phetisetso ea CVT e Japane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lihlopha tse ncha ha li boima kapa li kholo ho feta ba pele ho tsona - haeba phetisetso ea 5 Mercedes 2004-speed automatic e hloka lisebelisoa tse 'nè tsa lipolanete le lisebelisoa tse supileng tsa ho notlela, ka lebaka la meralo ea eona e bohlale, 9G-Tronic e ncha ke eona. e boetse e laola likere tse 'ne tsa lipolanete, empa ka li-clutch tse tšeletseng e le likarolo tsa ho notlela. Ntho e le 'ngoe e hlakile - haufinyane, esita le li-brand tsa mahareng li tla latela bahlahisi ba thepa ea mabothobotho 'me joale li fetele ho li-transmission tse nang le likere tse ngata - mohlala o motle oa sena ke hore Opel e mothating oa ho qetela oa ho theha mochini o otlolohileng oa lebelo le robeli. . Mohopolo oa koloi e nang le phetisetso ea othomathike e etsang hore enjene e potlake ka mokhoa o sa phutholohang mme e hlahise maikutlo a makatsang a maiketsetso joale e se e le litlalehong tsa nalane.

Lilekane le litumellano

Leha ho le joalo, Mercedes ke e 'ngoe ea mekhelo e le moetsi oa likoloi ea hlahisang le ho hlahisa phetiso ea eona. Mazda, PSA le Hyundai/Kia lia tšoana, empa ha e le hantle baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba tlanngoe haholo ke likamano tse rarahaneng le likhoebo tse kopanetsoeng hammoho le bafani ba li-gearbox tse kang ZF le Aisin. Ka phetiso ea othomathike ea 8-speed ZF ka mefuta e fapaneng, mohlala, mehlala e na le Audi, BMW le Rolls-Royce. Tlas'a tumellano ea laesense, Chrysler e hlahisa phetiso e tšoanang bakeng sa mehlala ea Evasion, Chrysler, le Jeep, empa le bakeng sa Maserati le Fiat. GM e etsa Hydra-Matic ea lebelo le robeli ka har'a Corvette ka boeona, empa e sebelitse le Aisin ho hlahisa phetiso ea lebelo le robeli bakeng sa Cadillac le ho fana ka li-automatic transmissions ho BMW lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, senatla sena sa Amerika se sebetsa le Ford ho theha gearbox ea lebelo le leshome, ha karolo ea eona ea Europe ea Opel e ntse e iketsetsa gearbox ea eona ea lebelo le robeli. Hyundai/Kia e boetse e iketselitse phetiso ea eona ea lebelo le robeli. Getrag, eo hajoale e nang le boiphihlelo bo bongata tlhahisong ea li-transmission tsa dual-clutch, e fana ka likarolo tsa eona bakeng sa mefuta ea Ford le Renault compact, hammoho le liphetolelo tsa BMW M, 'me li-clutch tse peli tsa tsena li fanoa haholo ke LUK. Phetiso e tummeng ea DSG e tsoang ho VW le Audi e entsoe ka thuso ea BorgWarner, mme phetiso ea Veyron e entsoe ke Ricardo. Phetiso e nang le li-clutch tse peli le likere tse supileng. Porsche PDK ke mosebetsi oa ... ZF, BorgWarner le Aichi Machine Industry, bao ka kopanelo ba hlahisang le ho hlahisa phetiso ea Nissan GT-R.

Tlholisano ea Classic automation

Karolong e fetileng, re u joetse ka botlalo mabapi le popo le nts'etsopele ea phetisetso ea khale ea othomathike. Re tla eketsa hore liphetolelong tsa pejana, sisteme e hatelloang ea li-hydraulic e sebelisang li-lock (sheba ka tlase) e laoloa ka mochini ho latela lephaka le lengata le ho sebelisa molaoli oa centrifugal. Hamorao tsohle li ipapisitse le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le likarolo tse amanang le taolo ea makoloi. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lioli tse ncha tsa maiketsetso le tsona li kenya letsoho haholo ts'ebetsong e nepahetseng ea phetisetso ea sejoale-joale. Leha ho le joalo, nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea phetisetso ea khale ea othomathike lilemong tsa morao tjena e ba thusitse hore kajeno ba se ke ba bapisoa le maemo a fetohang matšeliso a bonolo le boreleli bo ikhethang le lebelo le phahameng, mme ho fihlela joale ke baetapele ba palo ea likere (e seng e le 9). Ho khaoha kapele ha torque converter ho etsa hore ba sebetse hantle le ho feta ntle le tšitiso ea traction, e ba atametsang haufi le DSG, linako tsa liphetoho li ntse li khutsufala ebile li le khuts'oane, mme ka thuso ea li-accumulator tsa khatello sistimi ea ho qala ho emisa ha e kopane. potso. Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore le ha libese li sebelisa boholo ba li-transmissions tsa khale, ntho e tlang pele ho literaka tse kholo ke phetiso ea matsoho e nang le pneumatic gear gear switch.

Lits'ebetso tse iketsang

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, bokamoso ba bona bo ne bo bonahala bo ts'episitse… Kamora hore ba kene motorsport lilemong tsa bo-80 mme ba fetohela ho li-gearbox tsa tatellano ea lebelo le holimo, li se li fokola haholo likoloing tsa tlhahiso, li fana ka li-gearbox tse lebelo tse peli. klupa. Likhetho tsa phetisetso ea mochini ka phetoho ea moea le hydraulic e lula e le tsona tse tlang pele bakeng sa literaka, le tse latellanang bakeng sa likoloi tsa mabelo. Taba ea morao-rao ke 'nete e makatsang ebile e phehisana khang ke FIA ​​​​ka takatso ea ho fokotsa litšenyehelo. Ho fihlile moo haufinyane likoloi tsohle tsa Formula 1 li ka fumanang li-gearbox ho tsoa ho morekisi a le mong. Ho phaella moo, li na le lisebelisoa tse fokolang, le palo ea likoloi, le ka bophara ba likoloi - qeto e makatsang khahlanong le mokokotlo oa ho kenngoa ha lienjineri tse ncha tsa turbo.

Ha e le hantle, tsohle li qalile e le phetohelo ho incubator e feteletseng ea Formula 1, 'me jenereithara ea eona e ne e le moqapi ea ka sehloohong oa Ferrari bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-80, John Barnard. Maikutlo a hae a tebileng ts'ebetsong ha se ho fumana mokhoa o mocha oa ho fetola, empa ho felisa mekhoa e rarahaneng le e boima ka har'a cab ea koloi. Kaha ka nako eo ho ne ho se ho ntse ho e-na le motheo oa thekenoloji ka mokhoa oa lisebelisoa tsa electro-hydraulic (e le karolo ea ho emisoa ka mafolofolo ha likoloi), o ile a etsa qeto ea hore activator e joalo e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa morero ona. Ha se taba ea ho tlosa clutch pedal pele. Li-prototype tsa pele li ne li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa ho chencha gear e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, 'me tharollo ena e ile ea lumella lisebelisoa tsa mabili a tsamaisoang hore li tsamaee. Ke ka nako eo feela ho ileng ha tla khopolo ea ho lokolla clutch pedal le ho e bula ka nako e le 'ngoe ka thuso ea boko ba elektronike bo laolang. Lintlafatso tsena tsa meralo le li-microprocessor, hammoho le ho hlahisoa ha li-throttles tse laoloang ka elektronike, li lumella ho fetoha ka ho feletseng. Na ena e tla ba sepekere sa ho qetela ka lekeseng la phetiso ea othomathike ea khale - lilemong tsa bo-XNUMX, mantsoe a joalo a ile a qala ho utluoa le ho feta. Ho feta moo, phetisetso ea othomathiki e ntse e ntlafala ka potlako, e lebisa moahong o mocha ka ho felletseng o nang le moralo o laetsoeng (oa tatellano), oo li-levers tsa litsamaiso tsa phetoho li beoang likanaleng kapa ho latela meqomo ea moropa o potolohang.

Jarolla ka ho iketsa jarolla ka ho iketsa hona joale le ho phethola bukana

Empa ka nako e ts'oanang hore phetiso ea semi-automatic e thehiloeng ho phetisetso ea matsoho e nkile mehato ea bona ea pele papaling e kholo, Porsche e rarollotse bothata bo fapaneng ka ho theha phetiso ea othomathike ea khale e nang le bokhoni ba ho chencha ho sebelisa levers ka lebili la setereng. Ha e le hantle, phetisetso ke ea ZF, eo hammoho le Bosch e phethang karolo e ka sehloohong morerong (Porsche e theha mohopolo o ka sehloohong mme e tsamaisa morero, ZF e hlahisa lisebelisoa, 'me Bosch ke tsamaiso). Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha morero ho bontshwa ka mokgwa wa disebediswa tsa tlatsetso bakeng sa 911 le 968, mme hamorao Audi le Mitsubishi di reka laesense bakeng sa morero. Lebitso la phetiso ena ea tiptronic le tsoa lentsoeng la Sejeremane tippen (ho sutumetsa) ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho sutumetsa ka ho sututsa le ho hula lehare. Mofuta ona oa gearbox o se o ntse o e-na le mosebetsi oa ho fetola mokhoa oa oona ho latela mokhoa oa ho khanna oa mokhanni.

Ho sa le joalo, popo ea John Barnard e na le sebaka sa eona se nepahetseng likoloing - ehlile, bakeng sa ba nang le moea oa papali, kapa bonyane ba nang le boikaketsi ho eona - joalo ka Ferrari F360 Modena le Alfa 147 Selespeed e itekanetseng haholo e nang le phetisetso e latellanang (e thehiloeng ho eona). ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa phetisetso ea lebelo la bohlano le phetoho e eketsehileng le boko ba Magnetti-Marelli Empa, joalo ka ha re boletse, ho tsoaloa ha phetisetso ea li-clutch tse peli ho ne ho bonahala ho chesa litabatabelo tsa phetisetso ea othomathiki lefatšeng la likoloi tse kholo, le tsa morao-rao. e fetohetse ho mefuta e itekanetseng haholoanyane le monyetla oa ho iketsetsa li-automation tse seng li le teng (tse kang Opel Easytronic hajoale e amohetse khatiso ea eona e ncha, ea boraro). Sena se kengoa ts'ebetsong ka mekhoa e bonolo ho feta ea meralo ea serial - bakeng sa sena ho sebelisoa yuniti e eketsehileng ea taolo, e seng e ntse e kopane haholo. Leha ho le joalo, tharollo ea toro ea nako e telele ea baqapi ea ho fetoha ha othomathike le ho ikarola e ntse e le ntho e tloaelehileng feela - ka ts'ebetso sena ha se etsahale, 'me phetiso eohle ea mofuta ona e na le bothata ba ho haella ha phetoho e lumellanang ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tse ling ho ea ho tse ling. . Baetsi ba likoloi tsa lipapali ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho li-transmission tse peli tsa clutch (DCT kapa DSG). Mohlala o tloaelehileng ntlheng ena ke tšebelisano lipakeng tsa BMW le Getrag, e ileng ea ikamahanya le lebokose la li-gearbox tsa SMG tse latellanang bakeng sa moloko o fetileng oa M5 mme ea fetoloa ho lebokose la li-gearbox la DCT la lebelo le supileng bakeng sa ea hajoale.

Ka lithupa tse peli ntle le tšitiso ea ho ts'oaroa

Tsohle li qalile ka 2003 ha VW e hlahisa Direct Shift Transmission (kapa Direct Schalt Getriebe ka Sejeremane) e ntlafalitsoeng le BorgWarner. Hang ha e ne e hlahisoa, e ile ea bontša bokhoni ba ho fetoha ka potlako le ntle le li-jerks tsa li-transmission tsa manual le tsa othomathike, ntle le tahlehelo ea ho hula le ntle le ho senyeha ha tšebeliso ka lebaka la ho hloka converter. Leha ho le joalo, ho khutlela historing ho bontša hore Audi e sebelisitse lebokose la li-gear tse tšoanang likoloing tsa bona tsa rally morao bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-80 (joaloka Sport Quattro S1 Pikes Peak), empa theknoloji e tla tlameha ho ema nakoana pele lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse potlakileng li fumaneha. taolo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea letoto, lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho kopanya le li-actuator tse potlakileng tsa hydraulic. Ho fapana le phetiso e tloaelehileng, DSG e na le li-coaxial shafts tse peli, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le clutch ea eona. Lihokelo tsena li hlophisitsoe ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo mabapi le e mong le e mong, 'me karolo e ka ntle e hokela ka hare ho li-shafts tse peli le ka hare ho karolo e ka ntle e sekoti. E 'ngoe ea li-shaft e amohela e sa tloaelehang,' me e 'ngoe - esita le likere. Ka mohlala, ha ho sebelisoa gear ea pele, ea bobeli e se e lokiselitsoe, 'me ho kopanela ho etsahala ka nako e le' ngoe ho khaola e 'ngoe le ho kenya e' ngoe ntle le ho sitisa ho hula. Li-gear li tsamaisoa ho sebelisoa li-synchronizers tsa khale, empa ho e-na le lithupa le lifereko tsa mochini, sena se etsoa ka lisebelisoa tsa hydraulic. Li-clutch tsa li-multiple plate li fapane ka moralo ho tloha ho li-transmissions tsa mechine 'me tabeng ena li haufi le mekhoa e sebetsang e le lisebelisoa tsa ho notlela ka li-automatics - tsoelo-pele ea bona e tlatselitse ho iphetola ha DSG. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e 'meli ha e tšoane feela mabapi le ho bula le ho koala li-clutches tsa hydraulic, empa hape le ka taolo ea elektronike e thehiloeng ho li-sensor tse ngata. Liphetolelong tsa pejana, phetiso e ne e e-na le li-clutch tsa ho hlapa ka oli bakeng sa phetisetso e ntle ea mocheso, empa ka tsoelo-pele ea thepa, li-clutch tse omeletseng tse sebetsang hantle li se li sebelisoa. Phetiso ea DSG e se e le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mehlala ea lipapali, empa hangata e sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong bakeng sa mehlala e kopaneng le e nyane joalo ka Ford Focus le Renault Megane (Getrag e hlomelloa), VW Golf, Audi A3, Skoda Octavia (VW-BorgWarner). e itirisang le e itirisang. Kahoo kajeno, ka thuso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, mefuta eohle ea phetisetso ea othomathike e na le bokhoni ba ho fetola mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea mochini o ikemetseng.

Hona ho etsahetse'ng ka phapano nakong eo?

Mohopolo oa phetisetso e sa fetoheng ke ea khale joalo ka lefats'e, 'me merero e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng. Bothata ba bona hangata ke hore ha ho na likere mme ho fetisoa ha torque libakeng tse thellang ho lebisa ho litebele. Morao koana mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, Switzerland Weber e ne e e-na le phetisetso e joalo, empa ke ka 1955 feela moo barab'abo rōna ba Dorn ba ileng ba khona ho etsa tharollo e sebetsang ea mofuta ona - ea morao-rao e ile ea hlaha ka mokhoa oa Variomatic koloing ea Dutch DAF. Bothata bo ka sehloohong ka phetoho e bonolo le e ts'episang e se nang mohato mefuteng e mengata ea meralo e nang le li-axially offset hydraulic actuators le likarolo tse tapered tse kopantsoeng ke lebanta le beveled ke ho apara ha bona. Ka hona, ka meralo ea morao-rao, e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke karolo ea tšepe e arohaneng e nang le likhohlano tse phahameng, eo ho eona mokhatlo o seng ka ho hula, empa ka ho sutumetsa, e fanang ka torque e phahameng. Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-80, lik'hamphani tse ngata tse kang Ford, Fiat, Subaru le ZF li ile tsa qala ho sebelisana le Van Doorne, 'me e le ho fetisetsa torque e ngata ho feta ka 2000, Audi e ile ea theha phetiso ea CVT ka ketane. Ka 2003, Nissan, eo ka sebele e hlomphang phetisetso ena, ka lebaka la karolo e kholo ho moetsi oa lehae Jatco, e ile ea hlomella Murano ka phetisetso ea CVT, mme mofuta oa hajoale oa phetisetso ea Subaru Legacy o sebelisa e le 'ngoe ho tsoa LUK.

Morao koana qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, ho ile ha bōptjoa phetiso ea pele ea CVT, e neng e sebelisa ho sebelisana ka ho toba le li-discs tsa bophara bo fapaneng, 'me lilemong tsa bo-20, Citroen le GM li ile tsa hlahisa liphetolelo tsa pele tsa tlhahiso. Thahasello ea bona ho tharollo ena ea thekenoloji e ile ea khutla ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-80, hape ka tsoelo-pele ea thepa, 'me bahlokomeli ba eona e ne e le k'hamphani ea Brithani ea Torotrak le Jatco e boletsoeng ka holimo - ea ho qetela e le moetapele oa phetisetso ea CVT. Haufinyane tjena, litharollo tse ncha tsa mofuta ona li hlahile, joalo ka Double Rollet CVT Ultimate Transmission, tse e-so bonts'e hore li sebetsa hantle.

Phetisong e tloaelehileng ea CVT, lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa lipolanete hangata li beoa ka pele ho koloi ea hoqetela ho fana ka likere tsa pele, tse ka morao le tse sa nke lehlakore. Litharollo tse fapaneng tsa ho qala li sebelisa lihokelo tsa makenete kapa sefetoleli se tloaelehileng (Subaru kapa ZF Ecotronic CVT). Li-gearbox tsa CVT, tse sa tsotelleng nako e telele lilemong tsa morao tjena, li boetse li hohela thahasello e eketsehileng, haholoholo ho tsoa ho baetsi ba Majapane. Ba ntse ba na le karolo e kholo tlhahisong e felletseng ea phetisetso ea motlakase. Mahlale a morao-rao a phetisetso ea Bosch a ntse a sebetsa haholo sebakeng sena. Joalo ka ba bang, thepa e ncha le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki lia thusa.

Moralo oa mantlha oa phetiso ea khale e iketsang

Phetisong ea eona e ncha ea 9G-Tronic, Mercedes e sebelisa se bitsoang hydrodynamic torque converter, e leng sesebelisoa se rarahaneng haholo, empa molao-motheo oa ts'ebetso ea ona ha o fapane le oa lisebelisoa tsa pele tse joalo (bona setšoantšo). Ha e le hantle, e na le pompo e hoketsoeng ho flywheel ea enjene, turbine e hokahaneng le likere, le element e bohareng e bitsoang stator. Matla a mokelikeli a sesebelisoa sena a rarahane ka ho fetisisa, empa feela oli e behiloeng ho eona e pompeloa ho pota-pota ka mokhoa oa selikalikoe, ho tšoana le holimo ho Setšoantšo sa 8, empa ka phetolelo ea 50D eo mela e kopanang e leng teng. e amanang le emong. Sebopeho se ikhethileng sa li-blade tsa turbine, joalo ka lets'oao la letsoho, ha e le hantle ke kobeho e baliloeng ka nepo e monyang matla a phallo, eo le eona e fetolang tsela ka tšohanyetso. Ka lebaka leo, torque ea eketseha. Ka bomalimabe, hang ha tataiso e fetoha, phallo e se e ntse e e-na le phello e mpe, hobane e lebisitsoe morao khahlanong le mahare a pompo. Mona stator e tla ho pholosa, eo karolo ea eona e leng ho fetola tataiso ea phallo, 'me ke ntho ena e fetolang sesebelisoa hore e be converter ea torque. E entsoe ka tsela ea hore e be le mochine oa ho notlela o etsang hore e lule e eme tlas’a khatello ena. Ka lebaka la tsohle tse ka holimo, qalong, keketseho e kholo ea torque. Le hoja phallo e khutlisetsoa morao ka lebelo le itseng, ha lebelo la eona le pota-potileng la turbine le ntse le eketseha butle-butle ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng, lebelo la net le fetoha le ts'oanang le ka lehlakoreng la turbine. E le hore u utloisise sena, nahana hore u khanna tram ka 30 km / h 'me u ntse u otla bolo ka 20 km / h. Tabeng ena, phallo ea oli e feta ka mor'a mahare a stator, ho thibela ha eona ho holofetse 'me e qala ho potoloha. ka bolokolohi, 'me ha karolo ea 90 lekholong ea lebelo la pompo e fihla, phallo ea vortex e fetoha radial' me keketseho ea torque e emisa. Kahoo, koloi e qala le ho potlakisa, empa sena se lula se amahanngoa le tahlehelo, esita le ka lihlopha tsa morao-rao. Ka phetiso ea morao-rao, nakoana ka mor'a ho qala, converter e tima, kapa ho e-na le hoo, ketso ea eona e thibetsoe ka thuso ea seo ho thoeng ke sona. clutch ea ho notlela, e eketsang katleho ea phetiso. Liphetolelong tse nyalisitsoeng, joalo ka ZF 8HP, e nkeloa sebaka ke enjene ea motlakase e eketsang torque, 'me ka tharollong tse ling, joalo ka AMG 7G-DCT, converter e nkeloa sebaka ke sete ea li-clutches tsa poleiti. Leha ho le joalo - ho ntlafatsa matla a phallo ea oli, maemong a mang, li-blades tsa stator li na le angle e fetohang ea tlhaselo, eo, ho itšetlehile ka boemo, e fetola torque.

Setha sa likere tsa lipolanete

Joalokaha ho boletsoe karolong e fetileng, lisebelisoa tsa lipolanete li khethiloe e le lisebelisoa tse loketseng ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho sebetsana le likoloi tse sa tšoaneng ntle le likere kapa li-synchronizers. Mochine ona ke lesale la moqhaka (moqhaka) o nang le meno a ka hare, lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi le mabili a lipolanete a li senya 'me li kopantsoe le lesale la moqhaka, tse amanang le tataiso e tloaelehileng. Ha e 'ngoe ea likarolo (moqhaka, tataiso kapa lebili la letsatsi) e notletsoe, torque e fetisetsoa pakeng tsa tse ling tse peli,' me tekanyo ea gear e itšetlehile ka moralo. Lintho tse notlelang e ka ba li-clutch kapa li-brake tsa li-band 'me li tsamaisoa ke li-hydraulic actuators ka mochini liphaellong tsa khale mme li laoloa ka elektroniki ho tse ncha. Le li-transmissions tsa pele tsa othomathike joalo ka GM Hydra-Matic kapa Chrysler Torque-Flite ha lia ka tsa sebelisa likere tse tloaelehileng tsa lipolanete empa li entsoe ka likarolo tse ngata tse kang Simpson's. Ea ho qetela e bitsoa ka moetsi oa eona, moenjiniere oa Amerika Howard Simpson, 'me e kenyelletsa likere tse peli tse tšoanang ka ho feletseng tsa polanete (epicyclic), moo karolo e' ngoe ea bobeli e amanang le ea pele (mohlala, tataiso e nang le lebili la letsatsi). Tabeng ena, lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa ke li-clutch tse peli tse nang le lipoleiti tse ngata, mabanta a mabeli a brake, hammoho le clutch e le 'ngoe e fanang ka phetisetso e tobileng ea torque. Mochine oa boraro, o fanang ka se bitsoang overdrive, o ka kenyelletsoa ka thoko ho lebokose la gear. Meetso e mengata ea sejoale-joale e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng ho feta tse tloaelehileng tsa lipolanete, joalo ka Ravigneaux (e reheletsoeng ka moetsi oa eona, Paul Ravigneau), e kopantsoeng le likere tse tloaelehileng le tse peli ho eketsa palo ea likere ho isa ho tse hlano. E kenyelletsa corona e tloaelehileng le motsoako oa mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea lisathelaete le mabili a letsatsi, tseo pakeng tsa tsona le ho phalla ho rarahaneng ha matla ho etsahala. Ts'ebetso ea pele ea 6-speed automatic transmission, e hlahisitsoeng ka 2002, e sebelisa mochine oa Lepelletier (moqapi Paul Lepelletier), e leng se ileng sa fella ka likarolo tse fokolang, boima bo fokolang le molumo. Bohlale ba litharollo tsa sejoale-joale bo itšetlehile haholo ka bokhoni, ka lebaka la tlhahlobo ea khomphutha, ho kopanya mekhoa ea ho notlela, li-shafts le likere, ho lumella likarolo tse ngata ho sebelisana, ka hona, ho fihlela likere tse ngata.

Ka pele ho likere tse 9: Mercedes 9G-Tronic.

Phetiso e ncha ea Mercedes 9G-Tronic e na le karolelano ea likere (karolelano ea lisebelisoa ho tloha pele ho ea borobong) ea 9,15. Ka hona, e nang le phetisetso ena, E 350 Bluetec e ka tsamaea ka likoloi tsa borobong ho 120 km / h ka 1350 rpm feela. Bokhoni ba ho tsamaea ka lebelo le tlase bo ts'ehetsoa ke tampion tampion damper e nkang sebaka sa flywheel hammoho le centrifugal pendulum device. Le ha e khona ho sebetsana le torque e ka fihlang ho 1000 Nm, drivetrain ena, e ipapisitse le palo e kholo ea lits'oants'o tsa likhomphutha, e bobebe ebile e sebetsa hantle ho feta pele. Matlo a likotoana tse peli a entsoe ka aluminium ho hydrodynamic torque converter le lits'epe tse kopantsoeng tsa magnesium ho seng joalo ka crankcase ea polymer. Liphuputso tse ngata li ile tsa etsoa pele ho ka ba le monyetla oa ho fihlela likere tse robong tse nang le likere tse 'ne feela tsa lipolanete. Phetiso ena e tla sebelisoa haholo mefuteng e meng e parolang lithaba, 'me DSG e tla sebelisoa bakeng sa meetso ea komporo.

Ts'ebetsong e tsotehang ea ZF: 9HP

Metso ea 9HP e ka saloa morao ho fihlela 2006 ha ZF e nka qeto ea ho khutlela karolong e parolang (lihlahisoa tsa pejana e ne e le phetisetso ea lebelo le mane le CVT, tse ileng tsa emisoa lilemong tsa bo-90). Hangata ho nka lilemo tse ka bang 4 ho nts'etsapele, empa k'hamphani ha e batle hore ba khutle ka phetiso ea li-othomathiki tse 6 hobane e se e ntse e le teng. Taba ea hore k'hamphani e nka lilemo tse 7 ho phethela sepheo e bua ka mosebetsi o moholo oa moralo o qalileng ho theha phetiso ena. Tharollo ke tharollo ea theknoloji e phahameng haholo, eo, esita le ho mofuta oa 480 Nm, e leng boima ba lik'hilograma tse 86 feela. Ka lebaka la lebokose le lecha la peterole, tšebeliso ea mafura e fokotsehile ka liperesente tse 10 ha e bapisoa le gearbox ea 6-lebelo, mme ka lebelo le sa feleng la 120 km / h phokotso ke liperesente tsa 16. Meralo e bohlale e kenyelletsa ho beoa ha lipolanete tse 'ne tsa polanete tse hahelletsoeng kahare ho e' ngoe le ho eketsoa ha likhokelo tse tlatsetsang tse nang le likhohlano tse setseng ha li bulehile. Sisteme ea mekhahlelo e mengata e ekelitsoe ho torque converter.

Mongolo: Georgy Kolev