F-35A Lehalima II Europe
F-35 e ne e entsoe e le sefofane se loantšang marang-rang, se sebetsang e le monyako tabeng ena, ha se ntse se fana ka likarolo tse ling tsa marang-rang tse nang le setšoantšo se kopantsoeng sa maqiti. Sena se tla eketsa boemo ba tlhokomeliso ea maemo a likarolo tsohle tsa marang-rang ho isa boemong bo lekanang le tlhokomeliso ea boemo ba mofofisi oa F-35.
Ka la 31 Pherekhong, mokete oa semmuso oa ho saena konteraka ea ho reka lifofane tse 32 tsa Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II bakeng sa Sesole sa Moea oa Poland se etsahetse Deblin. Kahoo, Poland e ile ea ikopanya le linaha tse supileng tsa Europe tse seng li khethile F-35 - Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, Italy le UK. Ho nka monyetla ona, ho bohlokoa ho hlahisa tsoelo-pele le boemo ba hajoale ba mananeo a theko ea F-35A linaheng tse kaholimo le ho kenya letsoho ha lik'hamphani tsa lehae ts'ebetsong ea mananeo a tlhahiso le tlhokomelo bakeng sa sehlopha sa lefats'e sa lifofane tsa mofuta ona.
Lenaneo la lifofane tsa ntoa tse loantšanang tsa moloko oa bohlano oa F-35 Lightning II (Joint Strike Fighter, JSF) le bile la machaba ho tloha qalong. Mefuta e meraro ea F-35 e ile ea ntlafatsoa ho nkela mefuta e mengata ea lifofane tse sebelisoang US le linaheng tse ikopantseng: F / A-18 Hornet, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F-4 Phantom II, A-10 Thunderbolt II, Tornado, AMX le Harrier. Linaha tse nang le thahasello ea ho fumana F-35 le ho finyella litlhoko tsa tšireletso tsa US li ka kenya letsoho karolong ea Ntlafatso ea Sisteme le Pontšo (SDD) ea lenaneo la JSF. E le phapanyetsano bakeng sa monehelo oa lichelete, ba ne ba ka kenya letsoho ka ho eketsehileng litekong tsa ts'ebetso, 'me joale ka tlhahiso ea bongata, ba fetoha seo ho thoeng ke sona. balekane ba tšebelisano-'moho (Cooperative Program Partners, CPP).
Ho latela boemo ba ho kenya letsoho ha balekane ba kantle ho naha, li-CPP li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo. Molekane a le mong oa Tier 1 (Tier 1 kapa Level 2004) ke UK, eo monehelo oa eona oa lichelete ka 2,056 e neng e le $ 5,1 limilione tse likete (joale e ne e le 2002% ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa sethala sa SDD). Pele ho 1,028, Italy ($ 2,5 limilione tse likete; 800%) le Netherlands ($ 2,0 milione; 2%) le tsona li ile tsa ikopanya le JSF e le balekane ba Tier / Tier 144. Australia (0,4 milione; 110%) , Denmark (0,3 milione; 100%), Canada (0,2 milione; 122%), Norway (0,3 milione; 175%) le Turkey (0,4 milione; 3%) e ile ea e-ba Balekane ba Tier 35. (Boemo / Boemo ba XNUMX). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Iseraele le Singapore ba ile ba kena lenaneong la JSF e le ba bitsoang Security Cooperation Participants (SCP) - ba ile ba tsebisoa ka lenaneo, empa ha baa ka ba kenya letsoho ka ho toba ho lona. Bareki ba setseng ba F-XNUMX ba nkuoa e le bareki ba kantle ho naha.
Har'a linaha tsa Europe tsa NATO, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Turkey (eo, leha ho le joalo, e neng e qheletsoe ka thoko lenaneong la 35) le Italy, ba ntse ba bonts'a takatso ea bona ea ho fumana sefofane sa F-2019A se tlohang se tloaelehileng. Landing (CTOL), le F-35B Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (STOVL) ho ea UK le Italy (sheba Aviation International No. 8/2019). Ba bang bao e ka bang bareki ba Europe ba F-35 ba kenyelletsa Finland, Greece, Spain, Romania le Switzerland, empa ha ho na liqeto tse tlamang tse seng li entsoe ho bona.
Ho amoheloa ha sefofane sa F-35 ha ho bolele feela keketseho e potlakileng ea bokhoni ba ho loana le bokhoni ba ts'ebetso ea Sesole sa Moea, empa hape le phetoho ea mantlha mananeong a koetliso bakeng sa basebetsi le mekhoa ea ho hlokomela, ho lokisa le ho lokisa liforomo tsa moea, lienjine le lifofane. Matsete a theko e boima a boetse a hlokoa meahong ea metheo ea metheo ea moea, hammoho le lisebelisoa le thepa ea ho sebetsana le lifofane. Matšeliso a itseng bakeng sa litšenyehelo tse entsoeng ke ho kenya letsoho ha likhoebo tsa lehae mananeong a tlhahiso, tlhokomelo le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea lifofane (Production, Sustainment and Follow-on Development, PSFD), e etselitsoeng lilemo tse mashome. Sena se tlisa melemo ea nako e telele ea moruo ho linaha tse nkileng qeto ea ho reka F-35, joalo ka phihlello ea mahlale a macha, mesebetsi, lekeno la tekanyetso.
Belgium
Lipuisano mabapi le ho fumana bahlahlami ba sefofane sa F-16 li qalile Belgium lilemo tse fetang leshome tse fetileng, empa e bile ka la 17 Hlakubele 2017 moo mmuso o phatlalalitseng memo ea semmuso ea ho etsa lithendara. Bahlolisani ba F-35A ho ACCaP (Lenaneo la Matla a Ntoa ea Moea) e ne e tla ba Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon le Saab JAS 39E/F Gripen. Ka la 19 Mmesa selemong sona seo, Boeing e ile ea ikhula ho thendara. MaSweden a ile a etsa se tšoanang ka la 10 Phupu. Ka Mphalane, mmuso oa Belgian o ile oa hana tlhahiso ea Fora mabapi le botekgeniki. Ka la 19 Pherekhong 2018, Lefapha la Naha la United States le ile la lumela hore ho ka khoneha hore ho rekisoe 34 F-35As ho ea Belgium tlas'a tsamaiso ea FMS (Foreign Military Sales).
Thendara e ne e lokela ho rarolloa ka Phuptjane 2018, empa e ile ea chechisetsoa Mphalane. Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse kholo, Brussels e ne e nahana ka likhetho tse ling, ho kenyelletsa ho fana hape ho Fora kapa ho ntlafatsa li-F-16 tse teng. Qetellong, ka October 25, 2018, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho khetha sefofane sa F-35A se nang le software ea avionics Block 4. Kahoo, Belgium e ile ea e-ba naha ea leshome le metso e meraro ho reka F-35. Sebokeng sa boralitaba, Letona la Tšireletso la Belgian Stephen Vandeput o phatlalalitse hore tlhahiso ea Amerika ke eona e ntle ka ho fetisisa ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litekanyetso tse supileng tsa tlhahlobo, le hore F-35A ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa naha ea rona mabapi le lichelete, ts'ebetso le indasteri.
Ho lebeletsoe hore litšenyehelo tsa ho reka 34 F-35As, hammoho le lisebelisoa le koetliso ea basebetsi, ka lilemo tse 3,8, chelete e ka bang teng ea konteraka e ka ba li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 4). Ho lebeletsoe hore thepa e tla qala ka 2030 'me e tsoele pele ho fihlela qetellong ea lilemo tse leshome. Ho itokisa ha ts'ebetso ea pele (IOC) ho lokela ho finyelloa bohareng ba 6,53, le ho itokisetsa ka botlalo ho sebetsa (FOC) - ka January 2023. Ho ea ka merero, F-2027A e tla lula e le karolo ea lifofane (Luchtcomponent; Composante Air; [Belgian] Karolo ea Moea) ea Sesole sa Tšireletso sa Belgian (Ts'ireletso; La Défense; [Belgian] Defense Forces) ho fihlela bonyane 2029.
Likhamphani tse ngata tsa Belgian li nka karolo lenaneong la F-35. Khampani ea Madache ea Fokker Technologies e laetse tlhahiso ea mapheo a damper ho tsoa ho Asco Industries e Zaventem. Ka Hlakubele 2018, Sonaca e thehiloeng ho Gosselis e ile ea saena konteraka le Lockheed Martin ho etsa likarolo tsa sebopeho sa F-35 ka bomong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Ignition! (khoebo e kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa Sonaca le Sabena Aerospace) e tla sebetsana le thepa (tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso, kabo ea likarolo tse ling, thepa ea fatše, tokiso ea lifofane le ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa) le koetliso ea lifofane le mechine. Tlas'a konteraka le Pratt & Whitney Belgium Engine Center (BEC) e Liege, ea k'hamphani ea Norway ea AIM Norway, o tla kenya letsoho tlhahlobong ea nako le nako, tokiso le ntlafatso ea lienjineri tsa F135. ILIAS Solutions e tla fana ka lisebelisoa tsa IT bakeng sa tsamaiso ea likepe, tlhokomelo le ho reka.
Denmark
Denmark e bontšitse takatso ea eona ea ho kenela lenaneo la JSF ka 1997 mme ea ba molekane oa boemo ba boraro ka 2002. Ka Phato 2005, mmuso oa Denmark o ile oa thakhola ka molao mokhoa oa ho fumana bahlabani ba bacha (lenaneo la Nyt Kampfly) ho nka sebaka sa F-16s e sebelisoang Sesoleng sa Moea (Flyvevåbnet; Royal Danish Air Force, RDAF). Ka nako eo, ho ne ho nahanoa ka theko ea likoloi tse 48. Har'a bakhethoa e ne e le Lockheed Martin F-35A, Saab JAS 39 Gripen le Eurofighter Typhoon. Leha ho le joalo, Rafale oa Fora o ne a le sieo ha Dassault a itokolla ho thendara. Ka December 2007 Eurofighter le eona e ile ea ikhula tlholisanong, empa ka Mots'eanong 2008 Boeing e ile ea ikopanya le F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Moralo o hapileng o ne o tla khethoa ka 2009, empa thendara e ile ea lieha kapele ka selemo se le seng, 'me ka Hlakubele 2010 lenaneo lohle le ile la emisoa ka mabaka a lichelete.
Ka la 13 Hlakubele 2013, ba Danes ba ile ba qalella tšebetso ea thendara, ba memela lik'hamphani tse 'ne tse tšoanang ho nka karolo. Lekhetlong lena e ne e le mabapi le ho reka lifofane tse 24-32. Likopo tse qaqileng li rometsoe ka la 10 Mmesa, 2014, 'me likopo tse tharo li ile tsa amoheloa ka la 21 Phupu (Saab e ile ea tsoa kopong hajoale). Qeto ea khetho ea mofuta o itseng oa sefofane e ne e lokela ho etsoa qetellong ea June 2015, empa ka la 27 May e ile ea chechisoa. Qetellong, e bile ka la 12 Mots'eanong, 2016 moo Tonakholo ea Danish Lars Løkke Rasmussen le Letona la Ts'ireletso Peter Christensen ba phatlalalitseng hore mmuso o tla khothaletsa paramente ho rekoa ha 27 F-35As e ka bang $3 billion (CZK 20 billion) . Ka la 9 June, qeto ea ’muso e ile ea amoheloa ke mekha ea bohanyetsi ea lipolotiki. Konteraka ea tlhahiso le phepelo ea likarolo tse robeli tsa letoto la LRIP 12 e saennoe ka 2018. Kamora moo, ho tla laeloa likarolo tse peli bakeng sa letoto la LRIP 13 le tse 'ne bakeng sa letoto la LRIP 14.
Ka la 16 Pherekhong 2019, kopano ea "fuselage" ea pele ea Danish F-35A (nomoro ea ngoliso ea RDAF L-001) e qalile femeng ea Lockheed Martin e Fort Worth. Sefofane se lebelletsoe ho phetheloa hamorao selemong sena pele se fetisetsoa ho RDAF bakeng sa Luke AFB e Arizona selemong se tlang. Bafofisi ba lifofane ba Denmark ba tla koetlisoa ke 308th Fighter Squadron "Emerald Knights" ea 56th Fighter Wing ea US Air Force. Ho latela moralo, ho tsamaisoa ha sefofane sa F-35A ho tla tšoarella ho fihlela 2026. Boitokisetso ba Pele ba Ts'ebetso (IOC) bo tla fihlelleha ka 2025 le Boikemisetso bo felletseng ba Ts'ebetso (FOC) ka 2027.
Khampani ea Danish Terma esale e hlahisa likarolo tsa sebopeho le lisebelisoa bakeng sa liphetoho tse tharo tsa F-35 ka lilemo tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa. li-pylons tsa libetsa tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a moea ho ea fatše, GAU-22 / Sets'oants'o sa cannon ventral bakeng sa mefuta ea F-35B le F-35C, likarolo tse ka pele tsa mohatla o otlolohileng, liphanele tse kopaneng tse koahelang karolo e bohareng ea fuselage le mohatla o otlolohileng le o otlolohileng, Lisebelisoa tsa radar / APG-81 le AN/AAQ-37 (Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System, EO DAS) lisebelisoa tsa temoso. Khampani ea Multicut e hlahisa li-brackets le li-holdings tsa duralumin bakeng sa ho kenya le ho kenya li-airframe le enjene ea F135. Setsi sa Teko sa Danish Avionics (ATCD; khoebo e kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa Termy le Scandinavia Avionics) e tla boloka, ho lokisa le ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa avionics tsa Danish F-35A.
Netherlands
Mathoasong a lekholo la bo16 le la bo16 la lilemo, nakong ea ts'ebetsong ea lenaneo la ho ntlafatsa bahlabani ba F-35A / B ho ea boemong ba F-5AM / BM, Madache a ile a qala ho nahana ka monyetla oa ho fumana bahlahlami ba bona. Sefofane sa F-2002 se ne se nkoa e le se tšepisang ka ho fetisisa, kahoo ka June 15, 2006, Netherlands e ile ea ikopanya le karolo ea SDD ea lenaneo la JSF, 'me ka la 30 November, 2008, ba saena tumellano ea ho kenya letsoho karolong ea PSFD. Ka 2 May 2009, Paramente ea Dutch e ile ea lumela ho tšehetsa ka lichelete ho kenya letsoho ha Royal Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KLu; Royal Netherlands Air Force, RNLAF) litekong tsa pele tsa ts'ebetso (IOT & E). Bakeng sa litlhoko tsa bona, ka la 35 June, 01, ho ile ha rekoa F-001A (AN-19; RNLAF F-2010) ea pele, ’me ka la 02 November, 002, ea bobeli (AN-3 / F-4). Sefofane se ile sa hlahisoa e le karolo ea LRIP (Low-Rate Initial Production) letoto la 1 le la 2012. Kopi ea pele e ile ea phatlalatsoa ka la 2 Mmesa 2013, ea bobeli ka la 6 Hlakubele 2012. Li ile tsa lekoa ka Phato 27, 2013 le. Li ile tsa rekoa ke RNLAF ka Phupu 25 le Loetse 12, 2013, 'me ea fetoha F-35A ea pele e isoa ho mosebelisi oa kantle ho naha.
