Mehla ea litanka tse sa tloaelehang
Mehla ea litanka tse sa tloaelehang
Litanka tsa pele tse tšoailoeng Mark I li ile tsa sebelisoa ntoeng ka 1916 ke Mabrithani Ntoeng ea Somme ho tšehetsa masole a tsamaeang ka maoto. Tlhaselo ea pele e kholo ea tanka e etsahetse nakong ea Ntoa ea Cambrai ka 1917. Moketeng oa sehopotso sa bo XNUMX sa liketsahalo tsena, e re ke fane ka kakaretso ea mefuta e sa tsejoeng haholo le mehopolo ea litanka - meralo e ikhethang le e makatsang.
Likoloi tsa pele tsa 'nete tse hlometseng e ne e le likoloi tse hlometseng tse ntlafalitsoeng lilemong tse leshome tsa pele tsa lekholo la boXNUMX la lilemo, hangata li na le sethunya sa mochini kapa likanono tse bobebe. Ha nako e ntse e ea, likoloing tse kholoanyane le tse boima, palo ea libetsa le maemo a eketseha. Ka nako eo, ba ne ba potlakile ba bile ba sirelelitse basebetsi hantle khahlanong le lithunya le liqhomane. Leha ho le joalo, ba ne ba e-na le bothata bo boholo: ba ne ba sebetsa hampe haholo kapa ba sa sebetse ho hang.
litseleng tse katiloeng...
E le ho rarolla bothata bona, ho tloha bofelong ba 1914 Great Britain, ho ile ha etsoa boiteko ba ho kholisa liofisiri tsa Ofisi ea Ntoa ea Brithani ka tlhokahalo ea ho haha likoloi tsa ntoa tse hlometseng, tse hlometseng tse theiloeng holim’a literekere tsa temo tsa popane. Boiteko ba pele ntlheng ena bo entsoe ka 1911 (ke Günter Burstyn oa Austria le Lancelot de Molay oa Australia), empa ha lia ka tsa amoheloa ke baetsi ba liqeto. Leha ho le joalo, lekhetlong lena e ile ea sebetsa, 'me selemo hamorao British, Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson le William Tritton, ba ile ba theha le ho haha setšoantšo sa tanka ea Little Willie (Little Willie), le mesebetsi ka boeona - ho pata. li ne li patiloe tlas'a lebitso la "Tank." Lentsoe lena le ntse le sebelisoa ka lipuo tse ngata ho hlalosa tanka.
Tseleng ea ho iphetola ha mohopolo ho fihlela ka Pherekhong 1916, li-prototypes tsa litanka tse tsebahalang tse bōpehileng joaloka daemane Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) li ile tsa hahoa 'me tsa lekoa ka katleho. E bile bona ba pele ba ho nka karolo Ntoeng ea Somme ka Loetse 1916, hape e ile ea e-ba se seng sa matšoao a ho nka karolo ha Brithani Ntoeng ea Pele ea Lefatše. Litanka tsa Mark I le bahlahlami ba bona li ile tsa hlahisoa ka liphetolelo tse peli: "banna" (Banna), ba hlometseng ka likanono tse 2 le lithunya tsa mochini tse 3 (2 x 57 mm le 3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) le "mosali" (Mosali), ba hlometseng ka 5. lithunya tsa mochini oa lithunya (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss le 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), empa liphetolelong tse latelang, lintlha tsa libetsa li ile tsa fetoha.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea Mark I e ne e e-na le boima bo kopantsoeng ba lithane tse 27 le 28, ka ho latellana; tšobotsi ea bona e ne e le lesela le batlang le le lenyenyane, le fanyehiloeng pakeng tsa mehaho e meholo e bōpehileng joaloka daemane e nang le li-sponson tse hlometseng ka mahlakoreng, tse neng li kopantsoe ka ho feletseng ke popane. Lihlomo tse tsoileng matsoho li ne li le botenya ba 6 ho isa ho 12 mm 'me li sirelelitsoe feela mollong oa sethunya sa mochini. Mokhoa o rarahaneng haholo oa ho khanna, o nang le mochine oa 16-cylinder Daimler-Knight o nang le 105 hp. le lihlopha tse peli tsa li-gearbox le li-clutches, li ne li hloka hore batho ba 4 ba sebetse - kakaretso ea basebetsi ba 8 - 2 bakeng sa pina ka 'ngoe. Ka hona, tanka e ne e le kholo haholo (bolelele ba 9,92 m le "mohatla" o nolofaletsang ho laola le ho hlōla liforo, bophara ba 4,03 m le li-sponson le 2,44 limithara tse phahameng) le lebelo le tlaase (lebelo le phahameng ho fihlela ho 6 km / h), empa e ne e le mokhoa o atlehang oa ho tšehetsa masole a tsamaeang ka maoto. Kakaretso ea litanka tse 150 tsa Mark I li ile tsa fanoa, 'me mefuta e mengata e mengata e ile ea latela tsoelo-pele ea eona.
