Likoloi tsa motlakase: lipotso tse 8 le likarabo ka lithium

Likoloi tsa motlakase li kena butle-butle bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi, 'me boikemelo bo fanoeng ke libeteri tsa bona e ntse e le eona ntho e ka sehloohong e tla lebisa tšebelisong ea bona e pharaletseng. 'Me haeba ho fihlela joale re utloile - ka tatellano ea liketsahalo - ka "Baralib'abo rōna ba Supileng", OPEC, linaha tse hlahisang oli le lik'hamphani tsa oli tsa naha, joale lithium e kena butle-butle bophelong ba rona e le karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa theknoloji ea morao-rao ea betri e tiisang boipuso bo boholoanyane.

Kahoo, hammoho le ho ntšoa ha oli, lithium e ntse e eketsoa, ​​ntho ea tlhaho, ntho e tala, eo lilemong tse tlang e tla nka sebaka se etelletseng pele tlhahiso ea libeteri. Ha re boneng hore na lithium ke eng le hore na re lokela ho tseba eng ka eona? 

Lefatše le hloka lithium e kae?

Lithium ke tšepe ea alkali e nang le mmaraka o holang ka potlako lefatšeng ka bophara. Pakeng tsa 2008 le 2018 feela, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo linaheng tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse hlahisang e eketsehile ho tloha ho 25 ho isa ho 400 ea lithane. Ntho ea bohlokoa tlhokong e ntseng e eketseha ke ts'ebeliso ea eona libeteri tsa likoloi tsa motlakase.

Lithium e sebelisitsoe lilemo tse ngata ho li-laptop le liselefounong tsa mehala, hammoho le indastering ea likhalase le tsa letsopa.

Lithium e rafshoa linaheng life?

Chile e na le mehloli e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea lithium lefatšeng ka lithane tse limilione tse 8, pele ho Australia (lithane tse limilione tse 2,7), Argentina (lithane tse limilione tse 2) le Chaena (lithane tse limilione tse 1). Kakaretso ea polokelo lefatšeng e hakanyetsoa ho lithane tse limilione tse 14. Sena se lumellana le makhetlo a 165 palo ea tlhahiso ka 2018.

Ho 2018 Australia e ne e le mofani oa pele oa lithium ea holimo (lithane tse 51), ka pele ho Chile (lithane tse 000), China (lithane tse 16) le Argentina (lithane tse 000). Sena se bontšoa ho data e tsoang United States Geological Survey (USGS). 

Lithium ea Australia e tsoa indastering ea merafo, ha Chile le Argentina e tsoa mahoatateng a letsoai a bitsoang salars ka Senyesemane. Lehoatata le tummeng ka ho fetisisa ho tsena ke Atacama e tummeng. Ho ntšoa ha lihlahisoa tse tala mahoatateng ho etsahala ka tsela e latelang: metsi a letsoai a tsoang matšeng a ka tlas'a lefatše a nang le lithium a tlisoa holim'a metsi 'me a fetoha mouoane ka likoti tse kholo (matsoai). Tharollo e setseng ea letsoai e sebetsoa ka mekhahlelo e mengata ho fihlela lithium e loketse ho sebelisoa ka libeteri.

Kamoo Volkswagen e hlahisang lithium

Volkswagen AG e saenetse litumellano tsa nako e telele Volkswagen le Ganfeng ka lithium li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho fihlela bokamoso ba motlakase. Memorantamo o kopaneng oa Kutloisiso le moetsi oa lithium oa China o netefatsa polokeho ea phepelo ea mahlale a bohlokoa a bokamoso mme o etsa tlatsetso ea makhaola-khang ho fihlela sepheo se ikemiselitseng sa Volkswagen sa ho tsebisa likoloi tsa motlakase tse limilione tse 22 lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2028.

Ke litebello life tsa nako e telele tsa tlhokeho ea lithium?

Volkswagen e shebile ka mafolofolo likoloi tsa motlakase. Lilemong tse leshome tse tlang, k'hamphani e rera ho lokolla mefuta e mecha ea motlakase ea 70 - ho tloha ho tse 50 tse neng li reriloe pejana. Palo ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse hlahisitsoeng lilemong tse leshome tse tlang le eona e tla nyoloha ho tloha ho limilione tse 15 ho isa ho limilione tse 22.

"Thepa e tala e lula e le bohlokoa ka nako e telele," ho boletse mohapi oa khau ea Nobel Stanley Whittingham, ea tlotloang ka ho rala motheo oa saense bakeng sa libeteri tse sebelisoang kajeno. 

"Thepa e hlokahalang bakeng sa libeteri tse nang le boipuso bo phahameng e tla ba lithium lilemong tse latelang tsa 10-20," o tsoela pele. 

Qetellong, boholo ba lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang li tla tsosolosoa - ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea lithium "e ncha". Ka 2030, lithium e lebelletsoe ho sebelisoa ho feta indasteri ea likoloi feela.