Baetsi ba motlakase ba hapa Bophirimela

Haeba u ne u ka sheba feela ho phahama ha thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase linaheng tse ruileng tsa Bophirimela, u ne u tla ba le bothata ba ho hanyetsa leqhubu le ntseng le phahama la cheseho ea motlakase. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, "phetohelo" ena e bakoa haholo ke lithuso tsa naha, 'me hantle hobane re bua ka linaha tse ruileng.

Motlakase oa koloi ea motlakase - oa khale ho feta mochine o tukang o ka hare hobane lisebelisoa tsa oona tsa pele li hlahile lilemong tsa bo-XNUMX - e 'nile ea thabela ho tsosolosoa lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ke 'nete, ba nang le lipelaelo ba re feela ka lebaka la ho phahama ha theko ea mafura a metsi, ho ke ke ha khoneha hore re se ke ra hlokomela tsoelo-pele e khōlō ea theknoloji e entsoeng morao tjena ka ho tsamaea ha motlakase. Litekanyetso tsa tikoloho tsa likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) le tsona li bohlokoa.

Tšusumetso e matla bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ho tsamaea ha motlakase e bile qeto ea morao-rao ea Elon Musk, CEO oa Tesla, ho fana ka koloi ea motlakase ka theko e tlaase. Ka beke, thekiso ea pele ea Model 3 e lekana le 325 tse likete. batho ba kentse akhaonto ea k'hamphani ka chelete ea pele ea masoba a 1. Musk o ile a lumela hore palo e lokiselitsoe motheong oa tlhahlobo e behang karolelano ea theko ea koloi ea bone ea moetsi enoa ho 42 3. lesoba. Mofuta o theko e tlaase oa Model 35 o tla bitsa li-ruble tse 30. lesoba. (ena ke palo e tloaelehileng ea ho reka koloi e ncha naheng ea Amerika), eo ka mor'a ho fokotsa tefiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e fanoang bakeng sa ho reka koloi ea motlakase, e fana ka theko ka tlase ho PLN XNUMX XNUMX. lesoba.

Ka thabo, Tesla o phatlalalitse hore beke ea pele ea April 2016 e tla hopoloa e le nako eo likoloi tsa motlakase li fetohang sehlahisoa se seholo. Model 3 e lebeletsoe ho kena tlhahiso qetellong ea 2017, empa ho se ho ntse ho tsejoa hore ka ts'ebetsong ea merero ea morao-rao ea nts'etsopele ea k'hamphani, karolo e kholo ea bareki ba tla tlameha ho ema selemo se seng, kapa esita le lilemo tse peli, ho fihlela ba bona. koloi e ea rekisoa. phahamisoa. Kahoo Elon Musk o ile a tiisa ka molao hore Tesla o ile a qala ho batla litsela tsa ho eketsa bokhoni ba tlhahiso.

Katleho ka thuso ea naha

Hoo e batlang e le moetsi e mong le e mong ea ka sehloohong oa likoloi o ntse a hlahisa mofuta ona oa theknoloji. Palo ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse rekisoang lefatšeng ka bophara e ntse e eketseha ka potlako. Ho fihlela joale, Nissan e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba le likoloi tse rekisoang ka ho fetisisa tse nang le mohlala oa Leaf.

Ho ea ka likhakanyo tse phatlalalitsoeng ka Hlakubele selemong sena ke k'hamphani ea lipatlisiso ea Borithane Frost & Sullivan, kamora 2020, likoloi tsa motlakase tse limilione tse 10 li lebelletsoe ho ba litseleng tsa lefats'e. Ka nako eo, likoloi tse tala li tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 1/3 ea likoloi tse rekisoang limmarakeng tse tsoetseng pele le hoo e ka bang 1/5 metseng e tsoelang pele ea lefatše. Mokhatlo oa machaba oa lipatlisiso Navigant Research o bolela esale pele hore ka 2023, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla ikarabella bakeng sa 2,4% ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa moloko o latelang lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa likoloi tsa motlakase o ka rekota kholo ea thekiso ho tloha ho limilione tse 2,7 ka 2014 ho isa ho limilione tse 6,4 ka 2023.

Censuswide e laetse Go Ultra Low, letšolo la ho khothaletsa theko ea likoloi tsa khabone e tlase, lipatlisiso tse bonts'ang bacha ba Bophirimela ba lilemo tse 14 ho isa ho tse 17 ba rera ho reka koloi ea motlakase e le koloi ea bona ea pele. Bonyane ba robeli ho ba leshome ba lilemo li 81 - 50% ho ba hantle - ba batla koloi ea motlakase. Leha peresente ena e fokotseha hanyane ka keketseho ea lilemo tsa ba arabetseng, e ntse e le kaholimo ho XNUMX%.

UK, ka karolelano likoloi tsa motlakase tsa 2016 li ngolisitsoe letsatsi le leng le le leng karolong ea pele ea 115. Ena ke phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa ho tloha ka January 2011, ha 'muso oa lehae o etsa qeto ea ho tšehetsa thekiso ea mofuta ona oa koloi ka ho sebelisa tsamaiso ea lithuso. Palo ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse rekiloeng ka lithuso lihlekehlekeng li feta 60. UK e fetohile 'maraka o moholo oa karolo ena, le hoja e salla ka morao ho Netherlands e nyenyane mabapi le ho ngolisa.

Sena se bakoa ke ho hlahisoa ha molao o tla lumella likoloi tsa motlakase feela ho fanoa 'marakeng oa Madache ho tloha 2025. Lintlha mabapi le sena li fanoe ke webosaete ea csmonitor.com. Mohopolo ona o khothalelitsoe ke Mokha oa Lehae oa Basebetsi, moralo oa ona o fanang ka thibelo ea ho kenngoa ha likoloi tse nang le lienjine tsa peterole le disele 'marakeng oa lehae ho tloha 2025. Likoloi tse nang le mofuta ona oa koloi, tse ka beng li ngolisitsoe ha thibelo e qala, li ne li ka lula tšebeletsong 'me tsa "shoa" ka khotso.

Ha u reka likoloi tsa motlakase, Madache a ka bala, haholo-holo, ka ho lokolloa lekhetho la litsela le ho ngolisa (ho fihlela ho li-euro tse likete tse 5,3 ka kakaretso bakeng sa batho ka bomong le ho fihlela ho li-euro tse likete tse 19 bakeng sa lik'hamphani bakeng sa lilemo tse 'nè tsa pele tsa tšebeliso). Nyehelo e lekang e emetse beng ba lik'hamphani tse tsamaisang thepa le bakhanni ba litekesi ba nkang qeto ea ho fetola koloi e nang le enjene ea khale hore e be koloi ea motlakase. Ha u reka koloi e joalo, ba tla fumana tefiso ea ho fihla ho li-euro tse 5. Ho feta moo, baahi ba Rotterdam ba ka sebelisa libaka tsa ho paka makoloi bohareng ba toropo ntle ho tefo selemo ho pota ka mor'a ho ngolisa koloi. Ho fihlella liteishene tsa ho tjhaja ka potlako naheng ka bophara le hona ke mahala.

Jeremane e hakanya hore bofelong ba 2020 ho tla ba le likoloi tsa motlakase tse ka bang milione litseleng. Ho fihlela sepheo sena, ka 2010 ho ile ha thakgolwa lenaneo le ikgethileng la mmuso la ho kgothaletsa dikoloi tse sa ntsheng mosi o monyane ditseleng tsa Jeremane. Morero o fana ka, har'a tse ling: ho lokolloa lekhetho la litsela la selemo le selemo bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase le li-hybrids tsa plug-in ka nako ea lilemo tse hlano ho tloha letsatsing la ho ngolisoa ha pele (Poland lekhetho le joalo le kenyelelitsoe ka theko ea mafura), ho nka monyetla. ea sekhahla se khethehileng sa lekhetho bakeng sa ba sebelisang khoebo ea likoloi molemong oa bona, le katoloso e matla ea marangrang a liteishene tse tjhajang ka potlako naheng ka bophara.

Norway ke naha eo likoloi tsa motlakase li leng ho eona ka tsela e ikhethang - selemong se fetileng, ho baahi ba limilione tse 5, ho ne ho se ho ntse ho e-na le 50 ea bona. likoloi tsa motlakase tse ngolisitsoeng. Batho ba Norway ba khannang likoloi tsa motlakase ha ba lokolohe lekhethong la theko ea koloi (ho kenyeletsoa VAT), lekhetho la selemo le selemo la litsela, le litefiso tsa ho paka le sechaba. Ho feta moo, ba ka sebelisa litselana tsa libese.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mmuso o putsa batho ba Sweden bakeng sa ho sebelisa likoloi tsa motlakase. Ha ba reka koloi ea motlakase, ba lokoloha ka mokhoa o ikemetseng lekhethong la selemo le selemo la lipalangoang bakeng sa lilemo tse hlano tse qalang ka mor'a ho ngolisoa. Ntle le moo, likhoebo le litsi tsa Sweden li ka itšetleha ka thuso ea PLN 40 18,5. kroons (hoo e ka bang li-zloty tse likete tse 40) bakeng sa ho reka "litsebi tsa motlakase". Molemo oa boraro ke phokotso ea lekhetho ea XNUMX% ha u sebelisa koloi ea k'hamphani molemong oa hau.

Linaha tse ling tsa Europe le tsona li se li qala ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho kenyelletseng motlakase indastering ea likoloi. Batho ba Ireland le ba Romania ba nyolohela ho tse 5 ha ba reka koloi e tsoang ka tlase. Co-financing ka li-euro, Mabrithani ho fihlela ho liponto tse 5, Maspanishe ho fihlela ho li-euro tse likete tse 6, Mafora ho fihlela ho li-euro tse likete tse 7, le baahi ba Monaco ho fihlela ho li-euro tse likete tse 9.

Joalokaha u ka bona, keketseho ea palo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e bakoa haholo ke lithuso. Poland, moo lithuso li leng mpe le ho feta, likoloi tse makholo a 'maloa tsa mofuta ona li rekisoa selemo le selemo. Sena se tlase ka makhetlo a robong ho feta Jeremane. Pele ho tsohle, re hloka ho atolosa marang-rang a ho tjhaja. Hona joale, re na le lintlha tse joalo tse ka bang 150 ka har'a naha.

Pantographs ea bokamoso

Phetoho ea motlakase e ipapisitse le lipatlisiso le ho batla litharollo tse ncha. Ka mohlala, batho ba Sweden ba sa tsoa qala ho leka teraka ea pele ea motlakase. Mehlala e nang le li-pantographs e tla lekoa lilemong tse peli tse tlang karolong ea lik'hilomithara tse peli tseleng ea makoloi ea E16 leboea ho Stockholm. Likoloi tse nyalisitsoeng li entsoe ke Scania 'me hona joale li sebetsa le Siemens ho li bapisa le ho hula.

Lori ea Scania e nang le pantograph

Nako ea thuto ea lilemo tse peli ke ho netefatsa hore na mokhoa ona, o bitsoang E-Highway, o tla atolosoa le ho ipaka e le tharollo e sebetsang nakong e tlang. Ho nahanoa hore tsamaiso mabapi le matla e lokela ho sebetsa habeli ho feta e sebelisoang hona joale. Ntho ea eona e ka sehloohong ke pantograph e bohlale e kopantsoeng le koloi e nyalisitsoeng, e lumellang hore e tsamaee ka lebelo ho fihlela ho 90 km / h. Ena ke tharollo e thehiloeng holim'a betri le khase ea hybrid drive system, kahoo koloi e khona ho tsamaea le ha e khaotsoe moleng o ka holimo.

Siemens e sebetsa tsamaisong e tšoanang California ka kopanelo le Volvo. Ka selemo sa 2017, literaka tse nang le meaho ea ts'ebetso ea tsela e kholo ea motlakase e ntseng e hlaha li tla lekoa haufi le boema-kepe ba Los Angeles le Long Beach.

Likoloi tsa Ground Rapid Transport tse reretsoeng baahi ba Singapore.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng la lefats'e, Litšebeletso tsa SMRT tse thehiloeng Singapore (e leng setsi sa bobeli se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa sechaba 'marakeng oa lehae), hammoho le molekane oa eona oa Madache 2 Getthere Holding, e tlisa litekesi tsa motlakase tse ikemetseng ka ho feletseng literateng tsa Singapore, kahoo li nka ea pele. sebaka. motsamao wa ho fetola ka botlalo tsela eo batho ba tsamayang ka yona. Li tla tlatselletsa lits'ebetso tse teng tsa lipalangoang tsa sechaba, tse u lumellang hore u fihle moo u eang ntle le lipalangoang. Likoloi tsa GRT (Ground Rapid Transport) li tšoana le libese. Menyako e pharaletseng ea othomathike mahlakoreng ka bobeli a koloi e lumella ho fetoha ha bapalami ka potlako. Sebaka se ka hare se ka khonehang se ka amohela litulo tse 24 le maemo a emeng. Ho nahanoa hore ka lebaka la tsamaiso ea GRT ho tla khoneha ho tsamaisa bapalami ba 8 ka hora, ka lebelo le phahameng la 40 km / h.

Ho tjhaja ha se ho tlatsa mafura

Meloko e latelang ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tšoana le likoloi tse tloaelehileng tse tukang ho latela ts'ebetso. Li-assortment tsa bona li ntse li ntlafala, tse neng li ntse li boleloa e le e 'ngoe ea mathata ho latela pono ea bareki ba ka bang teng. Tesla Model S e lumella, ka mohlala, ho khanna hoo e ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 500 ntle le ho tsosolosa. Joale, haeba litaba ha li sa le bothata, ke eng?

Ha tekanyo ea peterole kapa ea disele e bontša hore mafura a fokola, re emisa seteisheneng ’me ka mor’a metsotso e seng mekae re ka khanna hape. Tabeng ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ha ho e-na le khaello ea matla ha re ntse re khanna, re tlameha ho behella nako ea ho phomola nako e telele. Sena ke hobane ho nka lihora tse ngata ho tlatsa libeteri ho 100%.

Leha ho le joalo, ho na le maikutlo a hore libeteri ha lia lokela ho nchafatsoa, ​​empa li nkeloe sebaka, tse tla fokotsa haholo nako ea ho theoha, empa ho fihlela joale tsena ke tharollo ea mohlala. Li boetse li hloka hore bahlahisi ba fetole mehopolo ea moralo e le hore ts'ebetso ea ho khutlisa e se ke ea ja nako ebile e le bothata. Likhomong tsa litaba tsa theknoloji, ka linako tse ling ho na le litlaleho tsa tharollo ea "phetoho" e fokotsang linako tsa ho tjhaja betri ho fihlela metsotso e seng mekae. Leha ho le joalo, kaha basebelisi ba li-smartphone, tse ratoang haholo ho feta likoloi tsa motlakase, ba tseba hantle, mekhoa e joalo ea ho tjhaja ka potlako ha e e-s'o bonoe 'marakeng oa bareki.

Lebanta la ho hula - Loading

Ka linako tse ling maikutlo a litsebi a fetela pele, ho ea ho tjhaja waelese esita le tharollo e kang litsela tsa motlakase tse tla tsamaisa likoloi ka mokhoa o ts'oanelang. Qualcomm esale e sebetsa morerong oa Wireless Electric Vehicle Chaging (WEVC) ka nako e telele joale. E sebelisana le ba boholong UK, ofisi ea ramotse oa London le setsi se ikarabellang bakeng sa lipalangoang. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetsong ea litharollo tse joalo ke letsete le tebileng. Mokhoa oa phepelo ea motlakase oa makoloi e tla ba karolo ea meralo ea motheo ea litsela tsa sechaba mona.

Ka lilemo tse 'maloa feela

E nkuoa e le tlholisano e kholo ea Tesla Motors, Faraday Future e fumane tumello ea ho leka mohlala oa koloi ea eona ea motlakase e ikemetseng litseleng tsa California. Baokameli ba hae ba na le tšepo ea ho qala ho etsa le ho rekisa likoloi tsa motlakase selemong se tlang, empa ha ho na merero ea likoloi tse ikemetseng tse senotsoeng.

2016 Faraday Future FFZERO1 - Concept Car

Faraday Future ke e 'ngoe ea li-startups tse ngata tse tšehelitsoeng ke China tse batlang ho qothisana lehlokoa le Tesla lebaleng la likoloi tsa sejoale-joale tsa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, k'hamphani e ntse e sa ikemisetsa ho senola lintlha leha e le life mabapi le lenaneo la ho khanna le ikemetseng ntle le hore tsamaiso e tla fana ka lintlafatso tse tšoanang le tse fanoeng ke Tesla. Faraday Future ha se eona feela k'hamphani e ka lekang likoloi tsa eona litseleng tsa California. Tumello e tšoanang e fuoe bahlolisani ba bang ba leshome le metso e meraro indastering, ho kenyeletsoa Tesla, Nissan, Volkswagen, Ford, Honda, Mercedes-Benz le BMW.

Baetsi ba mefuta e fapaneng ba phatlalatsa meloko e mecha ea mehlala ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ba lekang bareki ka litsela tse fapaneng. Ka December, Porsche e netefalitse hore e sebelisitse chelete e fetang $ 3,5 limilione tse likete ho bula melapo ea tlhahiso e tla hlahisa likoloi tsa pele tsa motlakase historing ea brand. Mission E - Potlakisa ho "makholo" ka metsotsoana e 80 'me u be le lisebelisoa tse u lumellang ho tjhaja betri ka 15% ka metsotso e 6 feela. Audi e rera ho qala tlhahiso ea SUV ea eona ea morao-rao ea motlakase, Audi Q2018 ea 500, qalong ea selemo. Setšoantšo, se hlahisitsoeng Brussels, se na le li-motor tse tharo tsa motlakase le libeteri, tse lekaneng sebaka se fetang 2018 km. Mercedes e rera ho lokolla SUV ea pele ea nako e telele pele ho 2020. Ka 500, khampani e rera ho fana ka mefuta e mene ea likoloi tsa motlakase. Mercedes e tla hlahisa prototype ea pele ho Paris Motor Show ka Mphalane e nang le sebaka se ka bang lik'hilomithara tse XNUMX, ho latela Reuters.

Porsche Mission E - ponelopele

Ho boetse ho na le koloi ea Apple e batlang e le "tsomo", iCar, leha ho ntse ho sa tsejoe hore na e tla shebahala joang le hore na k'hamphani e tla becha 'marakeng oa likoloi tsa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, rea tseba hore Apple esale e sebetsa ka thata ho batla lienjiniere tse nang le talenta le litsebi tse amanang le li-autopilots. Moqolotsi oa litaba oa Jeremane o boetse o bolela hore koloi ea Apple e tla hlaha litseleng tsa Jeremane qalong ea 2019 le 2020. Hajoale, ho boleloa ha moetsi oa likarolo tsa likoloi Magna International e le molekane oa moralo oa likoloi ho bua haholo ka tsoelopele ea morero.

Joalokaha u ka bona, lefats'eng la likoloi tsa motlakase, re na le likhopolo tse ngata tse sebete, liphatlalatso tse ngata, thekiso e eketsehileng ea lichelete tse tšehetsoeng ke 'muso, le mefokolo e seng mekae ea tekheniki e sa lokelang ho sebetsanoa ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang. Kahoo u ka bona sepakapaka, empa hape le moholi o o potileng.

Ho etsa liteko tsa literaka tsa motlakase Sweden:

Litokisetso tsa ho qetela tsa kaho ea tsela ea pele ea motlakase lefatšeng