Ts'ebetso ea Atkinson, Miller, B-cycle: seo e hlileng e se bolelang

Li-turbocharger tsa VTG lienjiniking tsa VW ehlile li fetotsoe likarolo tsa disele.

Lipotoloho tsa Atkinson le Miller li lula li amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e eketsehileng, empa hangata ha ho na phapang lipakeng tsa tsona. Mohlomong ha ho utloahale, hobane liphetoho tseo ka bobeli li theohetse filosofing ea mantlha - ho theha litekanyo tse fapaneng tsa khatello le katoloso enjeneng ea peterole e nang le methapo e mene. Kaha li-parameter tsena li tšoana ka mokhoa oa geometrically ka enjene e tloaelehileng, yuniti ea peterole e na le kotsi ea ho kokota mafura, e hlokang ho fokotseha ha tekanyo ea khatello. Leha ho le joalo, haeba karo-karolelano e phahameng ea katoloso e ka finyelloa ka mokhoa leha e le ofe, sena se ne se tla fella ka boemo bo phahameng ba ho "petetsa" matla a likhase tse ntseng li atoloha 'me ho ka eketsa bokhoni ba enjene. Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore, ha e le hantle historing, James Atkinson kapa Ralph Miller ha baa ka ba theha likhopolo tsa bona ho batla katleho. Ka 1887, Atkinson o ile a boela a theha mochine o rarahaneng o nang le tokelo ea molao o nang le likarolo tse 'maloa (ho tšoana ho ka fumanoa kajeno enjene ea Infiniti VC Turbo), e neng e reretsoe ho qoba litokelo tsa Otto. Phello ea kinematics e rarahaneng ke ts'ebetsong ea potoloho ea li-stroke tse 'nè nakong ea phetoho e' ngoe ea enjene le piston e 'ngoe ea piston nakong ea khatello le ho atolosa. Mashome a mangata a lilemo hamorao, ts'ebetso ena e tla etsoa ka ho boloka valve ea ho kenya e bulehile nako e telele le hoo e batlang e le ntle le khethollo e sebelisoang lienjining hammoho le li-powertrains tse tloaelehileng tsa motlakase (ntle le monyetla oa ho tjhaja motlakase ka ntle), tse kang tsa Toyota. le Honda. Ka lebelo le bohareng ho ea holimo sena ha se bothata hobane phallo ea ho kenella e na le inertia 'me ha piston e khutlela morao e lefella moea o khutlang. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebelo le tlaase, sena se lebisa ts'ebetsong ea enjene e sa tsitsang, ka hona lihlopha tse joalo li kopantsoe le mekhoa e nyalisitsoeng kapa ha li sebelise potoloho ea Atkinson ka mekhoa ena. Ka lebaka lena, li-valve tsa tlhaho tse lakatsehang le tsa ho noa li nkoa e le potoloho ea Atkinson. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha sea nepahala ka ho felletseng, hobane mohopolo oa ho lemoha likhato tse fapaneng tsa khatello le katoloso ka ho laola mekhahlelo ea ho bula li-valve ke oa Ralph Miller mme o ile a fuoa tokelo ea molao ka 1956. Leha ho le joalo, maikutlo a hae ha a reretsoe ho finyella katleho e kholoanyane, le ho fokotsa tekanyo ea khatello le tšebeliso e tšoanang ea mafura a tlaase a octane lienjiniking tsa lifofane. Miller o etsa litsamaiso tsa ho koala valve ea ho kenya pejana (Ho koaloa ha Valve ea Pele, EIVC) kapa hamorao (Ho koaloa ha Valve ea Late Intake, LIVC), hammoho le ho lefella khaello ea moea kapa ho boloka moea o khutlela ho manifold a kenang, compressor. e sebelisoa.

Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore enjene ea pele e sa lekanyetsoang e sebetsa kamorao, e hlalosoang e le "Ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea Miller", e entsoe ke baenjiniere ba Mercedes mme e sebelisitsoe ho enjine ea 12-silindara ea koloi ea lipapali ea W 163 ho tloha ka 1939. pele Ralph Miller a fana ka tumello ea tlhahlobo ea hae.

Moetso oa pele oa tlhahiso o sebelisang potoloho ea Miller e ne e le Mazda Millenia KJ-ZEM V6 ea 1994. Sefahleho sa ho noa se koala hamorao, se khutlisetsa moea o mong makaleng a kenang ka karolelano ea compression e batlang e fokotsoe, mme compressor ea mochini oa Lysholm e sebelisoa ho ts'oara moea. Kahoo, karo-karolelano ea katoloso e kholo ho liperesente tse 15 ho feta sekhahla sa khatello. Tahlehelo e bakiloeng ke khatello ea moea ho tloha piston ho ea konpresser e fokotsoa ke ntlafatso ea ho qetela ea enjene.

Mekhoa e haufi haholo ea nakoana le ea pele haholo e na le menyetla e fapaneng ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Ha e koaloa hamorao, ho koala hamorao ho na le monyetla oa hore e fane ka phallo e pharalletseng hape e boloka moferefere o betere. Ha mojaro o eketseha, monyetla o fetohela ho koaloa pejana. Leha ho le joalo, ea morao-rao ha e sebetse hantle ka lebelo le phahameng ka lebaka la ho se lekane nako ea ho tlatsa le khatello e phahameng ea khatello pele le kamora valve.

Audi le Volkswagen, Mazda le Toyota

Hajoale, lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang li sebelisoa ke Audi le Volkswagen ho tsona 2.0 TFSI (EA 888 Gen 3b) le 1.5 TSI (EA 211 Evo), tse sa tsoa kopanngoa le 1.0 TSI e ncha. Leha ho le joalo, ba sebelisa theknoloji ea valve ea ho koala pele ho moo moea o hōlang o pholileng kamora hore valve e koale pejana. Audi le VW ba bitsa ts'ebetso ena B-potoloho kamora moenjineri oa k'hamphani Ralph Budak, ea ntlafalitseng mehopolo ea Ralph Miller mme ae sebelisa ho lienjini tse turbocharged. Ka karo-karolelano ea khatello ea 13: 1, karo-karolelano ea 'nete e ka ba 11,7: 1, eo ka bo eona e leng holimo haholo bakeng sa enjene e ntle ea mollo. Karolo ea mantlha ho sena sohle e bapaloa ke mochini o bulang oa li-valve o nang le mekhahlelo e fapaneng le stroke, e khothalletsang vortex le ho fetoha ho latela maemo. Ka lienjiniking tsa B-cycle khatello ea ente e eketsoa ho 250 bar. Li-Microcontroller li laola ts'ebetso e boreleli ea phetoho ea mohato le phetoho ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea B ho ea ho potoloho e tloaelehileng ea Otto tlasa mojaro o phahameng. Ntle le moo, lienjine tsa 1,5- le litara e le 1 li sebelisa li-turbocharger tse arabelang ka potlako. Moea o pholileng o hatelletsoeng o fana ka maemo a matle a mocheso ho feta khatello e matla ea "silinda". Ho fapana le li-turbocharger tsa Porsche tsa theknoloji e phahameng tsa BorsWarner VTG tse sebelisetsoang mefuta e matla ho feta, li-unit tsa VW tsa geometry tse entsoeng ke k'hamphani e le 'ngoe ke li-turbine tse fetotsoeng hanyane bakeng sa lienjineri tsa dizeli. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la hore, ka lebaka la ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e hlalositsoeng ho fihlela joale, mocheso o phahameng oa khase ha o fete li-degree tsa 880, ke hore, e phahameng hanyane ho feta ea enjene ea dizeli, e leng sesupo sa ts'ebetso e phahameng.

Likhamphani tsa Japane li ferekanya maemo a mantsoe le ho feta. Ho fapana le lienjiniere tse ling tsa peterole tsa Mazda Skyactiv, Skyactiv G 2.5 T e entsoe ka turbocharged mme e sebetsa ka bongata ba mejaro le rpm ka potoloho ea Miller, empa Mazda e boetse e baka potoloho eo li-unit tsa eona tsa Skyactiv G tse sebetsang ka tlhaho li sebetsang ka eona. Toyota e sebelisa 1.2 D4 -T (8NR-FTS) le 2.0 D4-T (8AR-FTS) lienjiniking tsa bona, empa Mazda, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e li hlalosa e le tse ts'oanang le lienjineri tsohle tsa eona tsa tlhaho tsa mofuta oa lebasetere le o mocha oa Dynamic Force . ka ho tlatsa sepakapaka e le "mosebetsi oa potoloho ea Atkinson". Maemong ohle, filosofi ea tekheniki e ts'oana.