Airbus: Indasteri ea Lifofane ea Europe ea Bokamoso Karolo ea 1
A380, eo Airbus e e bitsang sefofane sa lifofane sa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ke sefofane se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa bapalami lefatšeng. Emirates ke mosebelisi e moholo oa A380.
bofelong ba 2018, ho ile ha otara likopi tse 162, ’me ho ile ha amoheloa tse 109. Leha ho le joalo, ho tse 53 tse setseng, tse 39 li ile tsa hlakoloa, e le hore tlhahiso ea A380 e fele ka 2021.
European Aerospace e amehile Airbus ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa K'honthinenteng ea Khale 'me ke e' ngoe ea baetsi ba lifofane le lihelikopthara tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, hammoho le lisathelaete, li-probes, likoloi tse tsamaisang likoloi le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa sebaka. Tabeng ea lifofane tsa baeti tse nang le litulo tse fetang 100, Airbus e atlehile ho hlōlisana le American Boeing bakeng sa boeta-pele ba lefatše ka lilemo tse ngata.
Airbus SE (Societas Europaea) ke k'hamphani e kopanetsoeng ea setoko e thathamisitsoeng ho li-stock tsa Paris, Frankfurt am Main, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia le Bilbao. 73,68% ea likarolo li fumaneha ka bongata. Mmuso oa Fora ka Société de Gestion de Partitions Aéronautiques (Sogepa) o na le 11,08% ea likarolo, mmuso oa Jeremane ka Gesellschaft zur Beteiligungsverwaltung GZBV mbH & Co. KG - 11,07% le Mmuso wa Spain ka Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) - 4,17%. Khampani e laoloa ke boto ea batsamaisi ea batho ba 12 le komiti e kholo (boto) ea batho ba 17. Molula-setulo oa Boto ke Denis Rank mme Molula-setulo le CEO ke Thomas "Tom" Enders. Airbus e sebetsa likarolong tse tharo tse kholo (mehala ea khoebo): Airbus Commercial Aircraft (kapa feela Airbus) e fana ka lifofane tsa baeti tse nang le litulo tse fetang 100, Airbus Helicopters - li-helicopter tsa sechaba le tsa sesole, le Airbus Defense and Space - lifofane tsa sesole (Sesole. Karolo ea lifofane)) , likoloi tse sa tsamaisoang ke lifofane, tsamaiso ea sebaka sa sechaba le ea sesole (Space systems), hammoho le mekhoa ea puisano, bohlale le tšireletso (CIS).
A318 ke mofuta o monyane oa sefofane o entsoeng ke Airbus. E ne e sebelisoa e le motheo oa mofuta oa bapalami ba 318-318 oa A14 Elite (ACJ18).
Setšoantšo: A318 ka mebala ea Frontier Airlines.
Airbus SE e na le likarolo lik'hamphaning tse ngata tse fapaneng le li-consortiums. Airbus Commercial Aircraft e na le karolo ea 50% ho ATR (Avions de Transport Régional), moetsi oa li-turboprops tse 30 ho isa ho tse 78 bakeng sa puisano ea libaka (50% e setseng ke ea Leonardo). Airbus Defense and Space e na le karolo ea 46% ho Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH, e hlahisang bahlabani ba Leholiotsoana (balekane ba bang BAE Systems - 33% le Leonardo - 21%) le karolo ea 37,5% k'hamphaning ea ts'ireletso MBDA (balekane ba bang BAE Systems - 37,5% le Leonardo - 25%). Ke eena feela mong'a STELIA Aerospace le Premium AEROTEC, barekisi ba ka sehloohong ba lefats'e ba likarolo le likarolo le baetsi ba meaho ea lifofane tsa lehae le tsa sesole. Ka la 7 Hlakubele 2018, Airbus e ile ea rekisa setsi sa eona sa lekala sa Plant Holdings, Inc. Motorola Solutions, mme ka la 1 Mphalane, Héroux-Devtek Inc. lekalana la Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos SA (CESA).
Ka selemo sa 2018, Airbus e ile ea fana ka rekoto ea sefofane sa bapalami ba 93 ho bareki ba khoebo ba 800 (82 ho feta ka 2017, ho fihla ho 11,4%). Tsena li kenyelelitse: 20 A220s, 626 A320s (ho kenyeletsoa A386neos e ncha e 320), 49 A330s (ho kenyeletsoa le li-A330neos tsa pele tse tharo), 93 A350 XWB le 12 A380s. Hoo e ka bang 34% ea palo eohle ea lifofane e ile ea ea ho basebelisi ba Asia, 17% Europe, 14% Amerika, 4% Middle East le Afrika le 31% ho lik'hamphani tse hirisang. Ena e ne e le selemo sa leshome le metso e tšeletseng ka tatellano Airbus e tlaleha keketseho ea palo ea lifofane tse rekisoang. Buka ea odara e eketsehile ka li-unit tsa 747 ntle le boleng ba lethathamo la li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 41,519 mme e fihlile palo ea rekoto ea likarolo tsa 7577 bakeng sa chelete ea li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 411,659! Ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong ea 2018, Airbus e fumane litaelo bakeng sa lifofane tsa bapalami ba 19 tsa mefuta eohle, mehlala le mefuta e fapaneng ho tsoa ho bareki ba 340, bao 414 11 ba faneng ka eona.
Mabapi le li-helicopter, Lifofane tsa Helikopta tsa Airbus li ile tsa fana ka li-unit tsa 356 selemong se fetileng 'me tsa fumana litaelo tsa lihlopha tsa marang-rang tsa 381 tse nang le lethathamo la li-euro tse limilione tse likete tsa 6,339. Buka ea odara qetellong ea selemo e fihlile ho li-unit tsa 717 tse jang li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 14,943. Airbus Defense and Space e amohetse litaelo tsa boleng ba lethathamo la li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 8,441, e leng se ileng sa tlisa ts'ebollo ea lekala ho €35,316 bilione. Kakaretso ea boleng ba libuka tsa litaelo bakeng sa sehlopha sohle ho tloha ka December 31, 2018 e ne e le li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 461,918.
Selemong se fetileng, Airbus SE e fihletse thekiso e kopaneng ea €63,707 bilione, phaello e felletseng (EBIT; lekhetho la pele) ea € 5,048 bilione le chelete e kenang ea li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 3,054. Ha ho bapisoa le 2017, chelete e kenang e eketsehile ka € 4,685 limilione tse likete (+ 8%), phaello e kholo ka € 2,383 limilione tse likete (+89%) le phaello ea kakaretso ea limilione tse 693 (+ 29,4%). Lekeno le lekeno bakeng sa lekala le leng le le leng (kamora ho ela hloko tahlehelo ea liindasteri le mesebetsi e meng) li ile tsa lekana, ka ho latellana: Airbus Commercial Aircraft - 47,199 billion (+10,6%) le 4,295 billion (+90%), Airbus Helicopters - 5,523 billion (-5,7, 366%) le li-euro tse limilione tse 48 (+ 10,985%), Tšireletso ea Airbus le Sebaka - li-euro tse limilione tse likete tse 4,7 (+ 676%) le li-euro tse limilione tse 46 (+ 74,1%). Kahoo, karolo ea Airbus Commercial Aircraft ka kakaretso ea chelete ea sehlopha e ne e le 8,7%, Airbus Helicopters - 17,2%, le Airbus Defense and Space - 36,5%. Ho ea ka libaka, 23,297% ea chelete (€ 27,9 limilione tse likete) e tsoa thekisong ea Asia Pacific; 17,780% (17,5 limilione tse likete) - Europe; 11,144% (10 limilione tse likete) - Amerika Leboea; 6,379% (2,3 limilione tse likete) - Bochabela bo Hare; 1,437% (5,8 limilione tse likete) - Latin America; 3,670% (3,217 limilione tse likete) - linaheng tse ling. Li-euro tse limilione tse likete tsa 14,6 li sebelisitsoe ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, e leng 2017% ho feta ka 2,807 (XNUMX limilione tse likete).
Ho tsoaloa ha Airbus.
Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-60, baetsi ba lifofane ba Europe ba ile ba qala ho lahleheloa ke tlhōlisano ea lefats'e ho lik'hamphani tsa Amerika Boeing, Lockheed le McDonnell Douglas. Esita le lifofane tsa Europe li ne li labalabela ho fofisa lifofane tsa Amerika. Tlas'a maemo ana, tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho atleha - le ka nako e telele ho phela' marakeng ho hang - e ne e le ho kopanya mabotho, joalo ka ha ho ne ho le joalo ka lenaneo la lifofane tsa Concorde supersonic. Ka hona, melemo e 'meli e eketsehileng e ile ea fumanoa: tlhōlisano e khathatsang ea bobeli e ile ea felisoa 'me moroalo oa lichelete ho mekhatlo e amehang o ile oa fokotseha (e mong le e mong oa balekane o ile a nka karolo feela ea litšenyehelo tsa lenaneo).
Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-60, ka lebaka la palo e ntseng e eketseha ea bapalami, bajari ba Europe ba ile ba phatlalatsa tlhokahalo ea sefofane se secha se nang le bonyane litulo tsa 100, tse etselitsoeng ho etsa litsela tse khutšoanyane le tse mahareng ka theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse joalo, sefofane se ile sa fumana lebitso le sa tloaelehang la Airbus (airbus). Ho arabela, lik'hamphani tsa Borithane tsa BAC le Hawker Siddeley li ile tsa theha meralo ea pele e ipapisitseng le lifofane tsa bona tsa pejana tsa 1-11 le Trident, ka ho latellana, ha French Sud Aviation e ntse e etsa moralo oa sefofane sa Galion. Joale, Hawker Siddeley, hammoho le lik'hamphani tsa Fora Bréguet le Nord Aviation, ba ile ba etsa moralo oa pele oa sefofane sa HBN 100. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lik'hamphani tsa Bophirimela tsa Jeremane Dornier, Hamburger Flugzeugbau, Messerschmitt, Siebelwerke-ATG le VFW li ile tsa theha Studientgruppe Airmeds. Arbeitsgembuseinschaft Airbus), 'me ka September 2 1965 fetoloa Deutsche Airbus), e le ho ithuta monyetla oa ho ntshetsa pele sefofane se loketseng ka bobona kapa qala tšebelisano-'moho le balekane ba tsoang linaheng tse ling.
China Eastern Airlines A319 e bontšitsoeng setšoantšong e ne e le lelapa la bo320 la AXNUMX le neng le bokane Tianjin, Chaena. FALC e bile mohala oa pele oa kopano oa Airbus kantle ho Europe.
Ka October 1965, lifofane tsa Europe li ile tsa fetola litlhoko tsa tsona tsa Airbus, li e beha boemong ba bonyane litulo tse 200-225, sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse 1500, le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa tse ka bang 20-30% ho feta tsa Boeing 727-200. Boemong bona, merero eohle e teng e siiloe ke nako. Ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea Airbus, mebuso ea UK, Fora le Federal Republic of Germany e 'nile ea khetha mokhatlo o le mong oa naha ho ntšetsa pele morero o mocha ka kopanelo: Hawker Siddeley, Sud Aviation le Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus. Motheo oa mosebetsi o eketsehileng e ne e le morero oa sefofane se seholo sa 'mele se nang le mafahla sa HBN 100, se seng se khethiloe HSA 300. Leha ho le joalo, Mafora ha aa ka a rata lebitso lena, hobane, ho ea ka maikutlo a bona, e ne e khothalletsa Hawker Siddeley Aviation, le hoja e ne e le ka molao. e tsoa litlhakung tsa pele tsa mabitso a balekane bohle ba bararo. Kamora lipuisano tse telele, ho ile ha amoheloa lebitso la A300, moo tlhaku A e neng e bolela Airbus, mme palo ea 300 e ne e le palo e phahameng ea litulo tsa bapalami.
Ka la 15 October, 1966, lik’hamphani tse tharo tse boletsoeng ka holimo li ile tsa etsa kōpo ho mebuso ea linaha tsa tsona ka kōpo ea ho tšehetsa lenaneo lena ka lichelete ho tsoa licheleteng tsa naha. Ka la 25 Phupu 1967, Matona a Moruo le/kapa Lipalangoang a Great Britain, Fora le Jeremane a ile a saena tumellano ea pele ea "ho nka mehato e nepahetseng bakeng sa nts'etsopele e kopanetsoeng le tlhahiso ea lifofane tsa lifofane" ka sepheo sa "ho matlafatsa tšebelisano ea Europe tšimong. ea theknoloji ea lifofane 'me kahoo e khothalletsa tsoelo-pele ea moruo le theknoloji Europe ". Tumellano e tobileng haholoanyane, e qalileng mohato oa nts'etsopele ea lenaneo, e ile ea tekenoa ka September selemong seo London. Fora le UK li ne li lokela ho jara 37,5% ea litšenyehelo tsa lenaneo ka 'ngoe, le Jeremane 25%. Sud Aviation e bile eona k'hamphani e etelletseng pele, 'me moenjiniere oa Lefora Roger Beteil a etelletse pele sehlopha sa nts'etsopele.
Qalong, Rolls-Royce e ne e tla hlahisa lienjineri tse ncha tsa RB300 tsa turbojet bakeng sa A207. Leha ho le joalo, o ile a etelletsa pele ho nts'etsopele ea lienjineri tsa RB211, tse reretsoeng haholo-holo bakeng sa 'maraka oa Amerika, oo mosebetsi oa RB207 o neng o batla o felile ka oona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho ile ha fumaneha hore lifofane tsa Europe li ile tsa ntlafatsa ponelopele ea tsona ea kholo ea sephethephethe sa bapalami ho ea tlase.
