Boemafofane ba Lefatše ba 2020

PL Los Angeles e sebelelitse bapalami ba limilione tse 28,78 mme e lahlehetsoe ke batho ba limilione tse 59,3 (-67,3%) ha e bapisoa le selemo se fetileng. Setšoantšo se bontša American Airlines B787 ho e 'ngoe ea lifofane tsa eona tse eang boema-fofane.

Selemong sa tlokotsi sa 2020, boema-fofane ba lefatše bo ile ba sebeletsa bapalami ba limilione tse likete tse 3,36 le lithane tse limilione tse 109 tsa thepa, 'me lifofane tsa likhokahano li ile tsa tloha le ho lula li le limilione tse 58. Ha ho bapisoa le selemo se fetileng, maeto a sefofane a fokotsehile ka -63,3%, -8,9% le -43%, ka ho latellana. Ho bile le liphetoho tse kholo boemong ba boema-fofane bo boholo, 'me liphetho tsa lipalo-palo li bonts'itse phello ea seoa sa coronavirus mosebetsing oa bona. Libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa bapalami ke China Guangzhou (bapalami ba limilione tse 43,8), Atlanta (bapalami ba limilione tse 42,9), Chengdu, Dallas-Fort Worth le Shenzhen, le likou tsa thepa: Memphis (lithane tse limilione tse 4,5), Hong Kong (lithane tse limilione tse 4,6), Shanghai. , Anchorage le Louisville.

Mmaraka oa lipalangoang tsa sefofane o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea moruo oa lefats'e, e le karolo ea kamehla ea sechaba sa sejoale-joale. Sephethephethe sa lifofane libakeng tse ling tsa lefats'e se ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang 'me se itšetlehile haholo ka boemo ba moruo ba linaha (boema-kepe bo boholo ba Asia kapa Amerika bo na le sephethephethe sa thepa e ngata ho feta likou tsohle tsa Afrika li kopantsoe). Boemafofane ba puisano le boemafofane bo sebetsang ho bona ke karolo ea bohlokoa 'marakeng. Ho na le tse ka bang 2500 tsa tsona tse sebetsang, ho tloha ho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, tse sebeletsang makholo a 'maloa a lifofane letsatsi le leng le le leng, ho ea ho tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa, moo li lulang li lula li sa khaotse.

Lifofane tsa puisano li fumaneha haholo haufi le li-agglomerations tsa litoropo, 'me ka lebaka la: litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso, libaka tse kholo le tšitiso ea lerata, hangata li fumaneha hole le setsi sa bona (ka karolelano Europe - 18,6 km). Libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa boema-fofane lefatšeng ka bophara ke: Saudi Arabia Dammam King Fahd (776 km²), Denver (136 km²), Istanbul (76 km²), Texas Dallas-Fort Worth (70 km²), Orlando (54 km²). ), Washington Dulles (49 km²), Houston George Bush (44 km²), Shanghai Pudong (40 km²), Cairo (36 km²) le Bangkok Suvarnabhumi (32 km²). Leha ho le joalo, ho latela litšoaneleho tsa ts'ebetso le tekheniki le bokhoni ba ho sebeletsa mefuta e itseng ea lifofane, boema-fofane bo arotsoe ho latela sistimi ea likhoutu tsa litšupiso. E na le nomoro le lengolo, tseo lipalo tsa tsona ho tloha ho 1 ho ea ho 4 li emela bolelele ba tsela ea sefofane, 'me mangolo a tsoang ho A ho ea ho F a khetholla litekanyetso tsa tekheniki tsa sefofane. Boema-fofane bo tloaelehileng bo khonang ho sebetsana le sefofane sa Boeing 737 se lokela ho ba le khoutu e tlase ea 3C (sebaka sa sefofane 1200-1800 m).

Likhoutu tse fanoeng ke Mokhatlo oa ICAO le IATA Air Carriers Association li sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa sebaka sa boema-fofane le likou. Likhoutu tsa ICAO ke li-code tsa litlhaku tse 'nè, lengolo la pele leo e leng karolo ea lefats'e, la bobeli ke sebaka sa tsamaiso kapa naha,' me tse peli tsa ho qetela ke boitsebiso ba boema-fofane bo fanoeng (mohlala, EPWA - Europe, Poland, Warsaw). Likhoutu tsa IATA li na le litlhaku tse tharo 'me hangata li bua ka lebitso la toropo eo kou e leng ho eona (mohlala, OSL - Oslo) kapa lebitso le nepahetseng (mohlala, CDG - Paris, Charles de Gaulle).

Boemafofane bo boholo ka ho fetesisa ba China, boema-fofane ba machaba ba Guangzhou Baiyun, bo sebelelitse bapalami ba limilione tse 43,76 (-40,5%). Ka lebaka la liphetho tse mpe haholo tsa likou tse ling, e nyolohile maemong a 10 maemong a lefats'e. China South Line A380 ka pel'a boema-kepe.

Mokhatlo o kopanyang boema-fofane lefatšeng ke ACI Airports Council International, e thehiloeng ka 1991. E emela lithahasello tsa bona lipuisanong le lipuisanong le: mekhatlo ea machaba (mohlala, ICAO, IATA le Eurocontrol), lifofane, litšebeletso tsa sephethephethe sa lifofane, li hlahisa litekanyetso tsa litšebeletso tsa lifofane tsa lifofane. Ka Pherekhong 2021, basebetsi ba 701 ba ile ba ikopanya le ACI, ba sebetsa boema-fofane ba 1933 linaheng tse 183. 95% ea sephethephethe sa lefats'e se feta moo, e leng se etsang hore ho khonehe ho nka lipalo-palo tsa mokhatlo ona e le moemeli oa lipuisano tsohle tsa lifofane. Ofisi ea ACI World e Montreal 'me e tšehetsoa ke likomiti tse khethehileng le lihlopha tsa mesebetsi, hammoho le liofisi tse hlano tsa libaka.

Ka 2019, lekhetho la lichelete tsa boema-fofane le fihlile ho $180,9 bilione, ho kenyelletsa le: $97,8 billion. ho tloha mesebetsing ea lifofane (mohlala, litefello tsa ho tšoara bapalami le thepa, ho fihla le ho paka) le liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 72,7. ho tsoa mesebetsing e seng ea sefofane (mohlala, phano ea lits'ebeletso, phepelo ea lijo, ho paka le ho hirisoa ha meaho).

Lipalopalo tsa maeto a sefofane tsa 2020

Selemong se fetileng, lifofane tsa lefats'e li ile tsa sebeletsa bapalami ba limilione tse likete tse 3,36, i.e. 5,8 bilione ka tlase ho selemo pejana. Kahoo, ho fokotseha ha sephethephethe sa thepa ho fihlile ho -63,3%, 'me e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e tlalehiloe likoung tsa Europe (-69,7%) le Middle East (-68,8%). Limmarakeng tse peli tse kholo tsa Asia le Amerika Leboea, sephethephethe sa bapalami se fokotsehile ka -59,8% le -61,3%, ka ho latellana. Ho latela lipalo, palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea bapalami e ile ea lahleha likoung tsa Asia le Lihlekehlekeng tsa Pacific (-2,0 limilione tse likete), Europe (-1,7 limilione tse likete) le Amerika Leboea.

Likhoeling tse peli tsa pele tsa 2020, lifofane linaheng tse ngata li ile tsa sebetsoa ntle le lithibelo tse tebileng, 'me kotareng ena, likou li sebelelitse baeti ba limilione tse 1592, e leng karolo ea 47,7% ea sephetho sa selemo. Likhoeling tse latelang, ts'ebetso ea bona e ile ea tšoauoa ke leqhubu la pele la seoa sa coronavirus, ha ho koaloa (thibelo) le lithibelo maetong a kamehla a moea li ne li hlahisoa linaheng tse ngata. Kotara ya bobedi e fedile ka bapalami ba 251 milione, e leng 10,8% ya dipoelo tsa kotara tsa selemo se fetileng (2318 97,3 milione ya bapalami). Ha e le hantle, 'maraka oa lipalangoang tsa moea o khaolitse ho sebetsa,' me marotholi a maholo ka ho fetisisa a kotara ea palo ea sephethephethe a tlalehiloe likoung tse latelang: Afrika (-96,3%), Middle East (-19%) le Europe. Ho tloha bohareng ba selemo, butle-butle sephethephethe se ile sa qalella. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho fihla ha leqhubu la bobeli la seoa le ho hlahisoa ha lithibelo tse ling ho thibela ho ata ha Covid-737, maeto a sefofane a theohile hape. Karolong ea boraro, boema-fofane bo sebelelitse bapalami ba limilione tse 22, e leng karolo ea 85,4% ea sephetho sa selemo. Mabapi le nako e tšoanang ea selemo se fetileng, ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha kotara ea sephethephethe sa thepa ho ile ha tlalehoa likoung tse latelang: Middle East (-82,9%), Afrika (-779%) le Amerika Boroa. Boema-fofane bo ile ba sebetsana le bapalami ba limilione tse 78,3 karolong ea bone, ’me maeto a sefofane linaheng tse khethiloeng a angoa ke lithibelo tsa maeto. Boema-kepe ba Europe bo bile le phokotseho e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kotara ea sephethephethe sa bapalami, ho -58,5%, ha likou tsa Asia le Lihlekehleke tsa Pacific (-XNUMX%) le Amerika Boroa li bile le tahlehelo e nyane haholo.