Boemafofane ba Lefatše ba 2019

Boema-fofane ba Hong Kong bo hahiloe sehlekehlekeng sa maiketsetso se nang le sebaka sa lihekthere tse 1255, se entsoeng ka mor'a ho lekanya tse peli tsa boahelani: Chek Lap Kok le Lam Chau. Kaho e ile ea nka lilemo tse tšeletseng 'me ea bitsa $20 limilione tse likete.

Selemong se fetileng, boema-fofane ba lefatše bo ile ba tsamaisa bapalami ba limilione tse likete tse 9,1 le lithane tse limilione tse 121,6 tsa thepa, ’me lifofane tsa puisano li ile tsa tloha le ho lula fatše tse fetang limilione tse 90. Ha ho bapisoa le selemong se fetileng, palo ea bapalami e eketsehile ka 3,4%, 'me boima ba thepa bo theohile ka 2,5%. Libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa bapalami li ntse li le teng: Atlanta (lithane tse limilione tse 110,5), Beijing (limilione tse 100), Los Angeles, Dubai le Tokyo Haneda, le likou tsa thepa: Hong Kong (lithane tse limilione tse 4,8), Memphis (lithane tse limilione tse 4,3), Shanghai, Louisville le Seoul. Boemong ba Skytrax, Singapore e hapile sehlopha se tumileng sa boemafofane bo botle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ha Tokyo Haneda le Doha Hamad oa Qatar ba ne ba le sethaleng.

Mmaraka oa lipalangoang tsa sefofane ke le leng la likarolo tse kholo tsa moruo oa lefatše. E kenya tšebetsong tšebelisano-'moho ea machaba le khoebo 'me ke ntho e matlafatsang tsoelo-pele ea bona. Ntho ea bohlokoa ea 'maraka ke boema-fofane ba puisano le boema-fofane bo sebetsang ho bona (PL). Ho na le likete tse peli le halofo tsa tsona, ho tloha ho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, moo lifofane li etsang mesebetsi e makholo a 'maloa ka letsatsi, ho ea ho e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa, moo e etsoang ka nakoana. Meralo ea motheo ea boema-kepe e fapane ebile e ikamahanya le bongata ba sephethephethe sa lifofane.

Boema-fofane bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba thepa lefatšeng ke Hong Kong, bo neng bo tsamaisa lithane tse limilione tse 4,81 tsa thepa. Bajari ba thepa ba 40 ba sebetsa khafetsa, ho kenyeletsoa Cathay Pacific Cargo, Cargolux, DHL Aviation le UPS Airlines.

Boema-fofane bo fumaneha haholo haufi le li-agglomerations tsa litoropo, 'me ka lebaka la polokeho ea ts'ebetso ea moea, libaka tse kholo tse hapiloeng le tšitiso ea lerata, hangata li fumaneha hole le setsi sa bona. Bakeng sa boema-fofane ba Europe, sebaka se tloaelehileng ho tloha bohareng ke 18,6 km. Li fumaneha haufi le setsi, ho kenyeletsoa Geneva (4 km), Lisbon (6 km), Düsseldorf (6 km) le Warsaw (7 km), mme tse hole haholo ke Stockholm Skavsta (90 km) le kou ea Sandefjord. (100 km), e sebeletsa Oslo. Ho ipapisitsoe le litšoaneleho tsa ts'ebetso le tekheniki le bokhoni ba ho sebeletsa mefuta e itseng ea lifofane, boema-fofane bo hlophisoa ho latela sistimi ea likhoutu tsa litšupiso. E na le nomoro le tlhaku, tseo linomoro tsa 1 ho isa ho 4 li bonts'ang bolelele ba tsela ea sefofane, 'me litlhaku A ho ea F li khetholla litekanyetso tsa tekheniki tsa sefofane. Lebala la lifofane le tloaelehileng le ka amohelang, mohlala, sefofane sa Airbus A320 se ka ba le khoutu e tlase ea 3C (ke hore tsela ea sefofane 1200-1800 m, mapheo a 24-36 m). Poland, Boema-fofane ba Chopin le Boema-fofane ba Katowice li na le likhoutu tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa 4E. Likhoutu tse fanoeng ke ICAO le IATA li sebelisoa ho khetholla boema-fofane le likou. Likhoutu tsa ICAO li na le litlhaku tse 'nè' me li na le sebopeho sa libaka: lengolo la pele le bolela karolo ea lefats'e, la bobeli ke sebaka sa tsamaiso kapa naha, 'me tse peli tsa ho qetela ke boema-fofane bo itseng (mohlala, EDDL - Europe, Jeremane, Dusseldorf) . Likhoutu tsa IATA li na le litlhaku tse tharo 'me hangata li bua ka lebitso la toropo eo kou e leng ho eona (mohlala, BRU - Brussels) kapa lebitso la eona (mohlala, LHR - London Heathrow).

Chelete ea lichelete ea boema-fofane ho tsoa mesebetsing ea selemo le selemo e boemong ba lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 160-180 tsa US. Lichelete tse fumanoang mesebetsing ea lifofane li hlahisoa haholo ke litefello bakeng sa: ts'ebetso ea bapalami le thepa boema-kepeng, ho theoha le ho emisa boemo ba tšohanyetso ba sefofane, hammoho le: ho tlosa lehloa le ho tlosoa ha lehloa, tšireletso e khethehileng le tse ling. Ba etsa hoo e ka bang 55% ea chelete eohle ea boema-kepe (mohlala, ka 2018 - lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 99,6). Chelete eo e seng ea sefofane e etsa hoo e ka bang 40% 'me haholo-holo e tsoa ho: laesense, ho paka le mesebetsi ea khiriso ea libaka (mohlala, $ 2018 bilione ka 69,8). Litšenyehelo tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea boema-kepe li ja 60% ea lekeno selemo le selemo, karolo ea boraro ea eona e tsoa ho basebetsi ba lefang. Litšenyehelo tsa selemo le selemo tsa katoloso le ntlafatso ea meaho ea boema-fofane li fihla ho lidolara tse libilione tse 30-40.

Mokhatlo o kopanyang boemafofane ba lefats'e ke Airports Council International (ACI), e entsoeng ka 1991. O emela lithahasello tsa bona lipuisanong le lipuisanong le mekhatlo ea machaba (mohlala ICAO le IATA), litšebeletso tsa sephethephethe sa sefofane le bajari, le ho ntlafatsa litekanyetso tsa tšebeletso ea boema-kepe. Ka Pherekhong 2020, basebetsi ba 668, ba sebetsang boema-fofane ba 1979 linaheng tse 176, ba ile ba ikopanya le ACI. 95% ea sephethephethe sa lefats'e se etsahala moo, e leng se re lumellang ho nahana ka lipalo-palo tsa moemeli oa mokhatlo ona bakeng sa lipuisano tsohle tsa lifofane. Lipalopalo tsa hajoale tse amanang le mesebetsi ea boema-kepe li hatisoa ke ACI litlalehong tsa khoeli le khoeli, hoo e ka bang selemo le selemo qetellong ea kotara ea pele ea selemo se latelang, 'me liphetho tsa ho qetela li sa phatlalatsoa ho fihlela likhoeli tse' maloa hamorao. Ofisi ea ACI World e Montreal 'me e tšehetsoa ke likomiti tse khethehileng le lihlopha tsa mesebetsi,' me e na le liofisi tse hlano tsa libaka: ACI-North America (Washington); ACI-Europe (Brussels); ACI-Asia/Pacific (Hong Kong); ACI-Africa (Casablanca) le ACI-Amerika Borwa/Caribbean (Panama City).

Lipalopalo tsa sephethephethe tsa 2019

Selemong se fetileng, boema-fofane ba lefatše bo ile ba sebetsana le bapalami ba limilione tse likete tse 9,1 le lithane tse limilione tse 121,6 tsa thepa. Ha ho bapisoa le selemong se fetileng, sephethephethe sa bapalami se eketsehile ka 3,4%. Likhoeling tse ling, kholo ea sephethephethe sa bapalami e ile ea tsoela pele ho tloha ho 1,8% ho isa ho 3,8%, ntle le Pherekhong, moo e fihlileng ho 4,8%. Matla a phahameng a sephethephethe sa bapalami a tlalehiloe likoung tsa Amerika Boroa (3,7%), kholo e ne e le ka lebaka la lipalangoang tsa lapeng (4,7%). Limmarakeng tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa Asia-Pacific, Europe le Amerika Leboea, kholo e pakeng tsa 3% le 3,4%.

Lipalangoang tsa thepa li fetohile haholo, li bonts'a boemo ba moruo oa lefats'e. Sephethephethe sa lifofane tsa lefats'e se theohile ka -2,5%, ka ts'ebetso e mpe Asia Pacific (-4,3%), Amerika Boroa (-3,5%) le Middle East. Ho theoha ho hoholo ha lipalangoang tsa thepa ho etsahetse ka Hlakola (-5,4%) le Phuptjane (-5,1%), 'me e nyane ka Pherekhong le Tšitoe (-0,1%). Mmarakeng o moholo oa Amerika Leboea, phokotseho e ne e le tlase haholo ho karolelano ea lefatše ea -0,5%. Ts'ebetso e mpe ea Cargo selemong se fetileng e bakiloe ke ho putlama ha moruo oa lefats'e, ho fokolitseng sephethephethe sa thepa, hammoho le ho qala ha seoa sa COVID-19 mafelong a selemo (mokhoa o sa thabiseng o ne o tsamaisoa ke boema-fofane ba Asia).

Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore likou tsa Afrika li bontšitse matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a kholo ea sephethephethe sa bapalami le matla a manyenyane ka ho fetisisa a ho fokotseha ha sephethephethe sa thepa, se fihlang ho 6,7% le -0,2%, ka ho latellana. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la motheo oa bona o tlaase (kabelo ea 2%), sena ke sephetho se sa tšepahaleng ka lipalo-palo lefatšeng ka bophara.

Lifofane tse kholo ka ho fetisisa

Ha hoa ka ha e-ba le liphetoho tse kholo boemong ba boema-fofane bo boholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Moeta-pele e ntse e le American Atlanta (bapalami ba limilione tse 110,5), 'me sebakeng sa bobeli ke Beijing Capital (bapalami ba limilione tse 100). Li lateloa ke: Los Angeles (limilione tse 88), Dubai (limilione tse 86), Tokyo Haneda, Chicago O'Hare, London Heathrow le Shanghai. Hong Kong e ntse e le kou ea thepa e kholo ka ho fetisisa, e tsamaisang lithane tse limilione tse 4,8 tsa thepa, e lateloe ke Memphis (lithane tse limilione tse 4,3), Shanghai (lithane tse limilione tse 3,6), Louisville, Seoul, Anchorage le Dubai. Leha ho le joalo, mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho tloha le ho theoha, tse phathahaneng ka ho fetisisa ke: Chicago O'Hare (920), Atlanta (904), Dallas (720), Los Angeles, Denver, Beijing Capital le Charlotte.

Har'a boema-fofane bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba bapalami ba mashome a mararo (23% ea sephethephethe sa lefats'e), ba leshome le metso e meraro ba Asia, ba robong Amerika Leboea, ba supileng ba Europe le e le 'ngoe Middle East. Ho tsena, tse mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro li tlaleha keketseho ea sephethephethe, ka matla a maholo ka ho fetisisa a fihletsoeng ke: American Dallas-Fort Worth (8,6%) le Denver, le Chinese Shenzhen. Har'a thepa e ka holimo ho mashome a mabeli e tsamaisoang ke lithane (40% ea sephethephethe), tse robong li tsoa Asia, tse hlano li tsoa Amerika Leboea, tse 'nè li tsoa Europe le tse peli tsa Middle East. Ho tsena, tse ka bang leshome le metso e supileng li tlaleha ho fokotseha ha sephethephethe, tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa e ne e le Bangkok Thailand (-11,2%), Amsterdam le Tokyo Narita. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano tse kholo ka palo ea ho tloha le ho lulisa, tse leshome le metso e meraro li Amerika Leboea, tse tšeletseng Asia, tse hlano Europe le e le 'ngoe Amerika Boroa. Ho tsena, tse 19 li tlalehile keketseho ea palo ea ts'ebetso, 'me tse matla ka ho fetisisa ke likou tsa Amerika: Phoenix (10%), Dallas-Fort Worth le Denver.

Matla a susumetsang kholo ea sephethephethe sa bapalami e ne e le lipalangoang tsa machabeng, tseo (4,1%) li neng li phahame ka 2,8% ho feta matla a lifofane tsa lehae (86,3%). Boema-kepe bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ho latela palo ea bapalami ba machabeng ke Dubai, e sebelelitseng bapalami ba limilione tse 76. Likou tse latelang li behiloe sehlopheng sena: London Heathrow (limilione tse 72), Amsterdam (limilione tse 71), Hong Kong (limilione tse 12,4), Seoul, Paris, Singapore le Frankfurt. Har'a bona, ho ile ha tlalehoa matla a maholo ka ho fetisisa: Doha ea Qatar (19%), Madrid le Barcelona. Hoa hlokomeleha hore boemong bona boema-kepe ba pele ba Amerika bo sebakeng sa 34,3 feela (New York-JFK - bapalami ba limilione tse XNUMX).

Libaka tse ngata tse kholo tsa litoropo li na le boema-fofane ba 'maloa sebakeng sa bona sa litoropo. Sephethephethe se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa bapalami se ne se le: London (liemafofane: Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, City le Southend) - litselana tse limilione tse 181; New York (JFK, Newark le La Guardia) - limilione tse 140; Tokyo (Haneda le Narita) - limilione tse 130; Atlanta (Hartsfield) - limilione tse 110; Paris (Charles de Gaulle le Orly) - limilione tse 108; Chicago (O'Hare le Midway) - limilione tse 105 le Moscow (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo le Vnukovo) - limilione tse 102.